数据结构：图的遍历，邻接表

图的遍历：从图的某个顶点出发，依次访问图中所有的顶点，每个顶点被访问一次且仅访问一次。
防止多次访问某一个顶点的思路：设置辅助数组visited[n],用来标记每个被访问的顶点，
初始化状态为visited[n]=0;如果顶点被访问到，则修改辅助数组的值 ：visited[i]=1
图的遍历：

照搬代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define QUEUE_SIZE 10

int* visitedPtr;

/**
 * A queue with a number of indices.
 */
typedef struct GraphNodeQueue{
	int* nodes;
	int front;
	int rear;
}GraphNodeQueue, *QueuePtr;

/**
 * Initialize the queue.
 */
QueuePtr initQueue(){
	QueuePtr resultQueuePtr = (QueuePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct GraphNodeQueue));
	resultQueuePtr->nodes = (int*)malloc(QUEUE_SIZE * sizeof(int));
	resultQueuePtr->front = 0;
	resultQueuePtr->rear = 1;
	return resultQueuePtr;
}//Of initQueue

/**
 * Is the queue empty?
 */
bool isQueueEmpty(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
	if ((paraQueuePtr->front + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE == paraQueuePtr->rear) {
		return true;
	}//Of if

	return false;
}//Of isQueueEmpty

/**
 * Add a node to the queue.
 */
void enqueue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr, int paraNode){
	//printf("front = %d, rear = %d.\r\n", paraQueuePtr->front, paraQueuePtr->rear);
	if ((paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE == paraQueuePtr->front % QUEUE_SIZE) {
		printf("Error, trying to enqueue %d. queue full.\r\n", paraNode);
		return;
	}//Of if
	paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->rear] = paraNode;
	paraQueuePtr->rear = (paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;
	//printf("enqueue %d ends.\r\n", paraNode);
}//Of enqueue

/**
 * Remove an element from the queue and return.
 */
int dequeue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
	if (isQueueEmpty(paraQueuePtr)) {
		printf("Error, empty queue\r\n");
		return NULL;
	}//Of if

	paraQueuePtr->front = (paraQueuePtr->front + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;

	//printf("dequeue %d ends.\r\n", paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->front]);
	return paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->front];
}//Of dequeue

/**
 * The structure of a graph.
 */
typedef struct Graph{
	int** connections;
	int numNodes;
} *GraphPtr;

//void deepFirst(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr, int paraNode);

GraphPtr initGraph(int paraSize, int** paraData) {
	int i, j;
	GraphPtr resultPtr = (GraphPtr)malloc(sizeof(Graph));
	resultPtr -> numNodes = paraSize;
	//resultPtr -> connections = (int**)malloc(paraSize * paraSize * sizeof(int));
	resultPtr -> connections = (int**)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < paraSize; i ++) {
		resultPtr -> connections[i] = (int*)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int));
		for (j = 0; j < paraSize; j ++) {
			resultPtr -> connections[i][j] = paraData[i][j];
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i
	
	return resultPtr;
}//Of initGraph

/**
 * Initialize the tranverse.
 */
void initTranverse(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr) {
	int i;
	//Initialize data
	visitedPtr = (int*) malloc(paraGraphPtr -> numNodes * sizeof(int));
	
	for (i = 0; i < paraGraphPtr -> numNodes; i ++) {
		visitedPtr[i] = 0;
	}//Of for i
}//Of initTranverse

/**
 * Depth first tranverse.
 */
void depthFirstTranverse(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr, int paraNode) {
	int i;
	
	visitedPtr[paraNode] = 1;
	printf("%d\t", paraNode);
	
	for (i = 0; i < paraGraphPtr -> numNodes; i ++) {
		if (!visitedPtr[i]){ 
			if (paraGraphPtr -> connections[paraNode][i]) {
				depthFirstTranverse(paraGraphPtr, i);
			}//Of if
		}//Of if
	}//Of for i
}//Of depthFirstTranverse

/**
 * Width first tranverse.
 */
void widthFirstTranverse(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr, int paraStart){
	//Use a queue to manage the pointers
	int i, j, tempNode;
	i = 0;
	QueuePtr tempQueuePtr = initQueue();
	printf("%d\t", paraStart);
	visitedPtr[paraStart] = 1;
	enqueue(tempQueuePtr, paraStart);
	while (!isQueueEmpty(tempQueuePtr)) {
		tempNode = dequeue(tempQueuePtr);
		visitedPtr[tempNode] = 1;
		
		//For output.
		i ++;

		for (j = 0; j < paraGraphPtr->numNodes; j ++) {
			if (visitedPtr[j]) 
				continue;

			if (paraGraphPtr->connections[tempNode][j] == 0)
				continue;
			
			printf("%d\t", j);
			visitedPtr[j] = 1;
			enqueue(tempQueuePtr, j);
		}//Of  for j
	}//Of while
}//Of widthFirstTranverse

void testGraphTranverse() {
	int i, j;
	int myGraph[5][5] = { 
		{0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
		{1, 0, 1, 0, 1}, 
		{0, 1, 0, 1, 1}, 
		{1, 0, 1, 0, 0}, 
		{0, 1, 1, 0, 0}};
	int** tempPtr;
	printf("Preparing data\r\n");
		
	tempPtr = (int**)malloc(5 * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
		tempPtr[i] = (int*)malloc(5 * sizeof(int));
	}//Of for i
	 
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
		for (j = 0; j < 5; j ++) {
			//printf("i = %d, j = %d, ", i, j);
			//printf("%d\r\n", tempPtr[i][j]);
			tempPtr[i][j] = myGraph[i][j];
			//printf("i = %d, j = %d, %d\r\n", i, j, tempPtr[i][j]);
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i
 
	printf("Data ready\r\n");
	
	GraphPtr tempGraphPtr = initGraph(5, tempPtr);
	printf("num nodes = %d \r\n", tempGraphPtr -> numNodes);
	printf("Graph initialized\r\n");

	printf("Depth first visit:\r\n");
	initTranverse(tempGraphPtr);
	depthFirstTranverse(tempGraphPtr, 4);

	printf("\r\nWidth first visit:\r\n");
	initTranverse(tempGraphPtr);
	widthFirstTranverse(tempGraphPtr, 4);
}//Of testGraphTranverse

int main(){
	testGraphTranverse();
	return 1;
}//Of main

运行截图

 邻接矩阵是对存储空间的极大浪费。我们可以考虑对边或弧使用链式存储的方式来避免空间浪费的问题。回忆树结构的孩子表示法，将结点存入数组，并对结点的孩子进行链式存储，不管有多少孩子，也不会存在空间浪费问题。

应用这种思路，我们把这种数组与链表相结合的存储方法称为邻接表

/**
 * Adjacency list for directed graph.
 * 
 * @author Fan Min minfanphd@163.com.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#define QUEUE_SIZE 10

/*************** Copied code begins *****************/

int* visitedPtr;

/**
 * The structure of a graph.
 */
typedef struct Graph{
	int** connections;
	int numNodes;
} *GraphPtr;

/**
 * Initialize a graph.
 */
GraphPtr initGraph(int paraSize, int** paraData) {
	int i, j;
	GraphPtr resultPtr = (GraphPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct Graph));
	resultPtr -> numNodes = paraSize;
	//resultPtr -> connections = (int**)malloc(paraSize * paraSize * sizeof(int));
	resultPtr -> connections = (int**)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < paraSize; i ++) {
		resultPtr -> connections[i] = (int*)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int));
		for (j = 0; j < paraSize; j ++) {
			resultPtr -> connections[i][j] = paraData[i][j];
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i
	
	return resultPtr;
}//Of initGraph

/**
 * A queue with a number of indices.
 */
typedef struct GraphNodeQueue{
	int* nodes;
	int front;
	int rear;
}GraphNodeQueue, *QueuePtr;

/**
 * Initialize the queue.
 */
QueuePtr initQueue(){
	QueuePtr resultQueuePtr = (QueuePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct GraphNodeQueue));
	resultQueuePtr->nodes = (int*)malloc(QUEUE_SIZE * sizeof(int));
	resultQueuePtr->front = 0;
	resultQueuePtr->rear = 1;
	return resultQueuePtr;
}//Of initQueue

/**
 * Is the queue empty?
 */
bool isQueueEmpty(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
	if ((paraQueuePtr->front + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE == paraQueuePtr->rear) {
		return true;
	}//Of if

	return false;
}//Of isQueueEmpty

/**
 * Add a node to the queue.
 */
void enqueue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr, int paraNode){
	if ((paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE == paraQueuePtr->front % QUEUE_SIZE) {
		printf("Error, trying to enqueue %d. queue full.\r\n", paraNode);
		return;
	}//Of if
	paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->rear] = paraNode;
	paraQueuePtr->rear = (paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;
}//Of enqueue

/**
 * Remove an element from the queue and return.
 */
int dequeue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
	if (isQueueEmpty(paraQueuePtr)) {
		printf("Error, empty queue\r\n");
		return NULL;
	}//Of if

	paraQueuePtr->front = (paraQueuePtr->front + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;

	//printf("dequeue %d ends.\r\n", paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->front]);
	return paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->front];
}//Of dequeue

/*************** Copied code ends *****************/

/**
 * Aajacent node.
 */
typedef struct AdjacencyNode {
	int column;
	AdjacencyNode* next;
}AdjacencyNode, *AdjacentNodePtr;

/**
 * Aajacent list.
 */
typedef struct AdjacencyList {
	int numNodes;
	AdjacencyNode* headers;
}AdjacencyList, *AdjacencyListPtr;

/**
 * Construct an adjacent list.
 */
AdjacencyListPtr graphToAdjacentList(GraphPtr paraPtr) {
	//Allocate space.
	int i, j, tempNum;
	AdjacentNodePtr p, q;
	tempNum = paraPtr->numNodes;
	AdjacencyListPtr resultPtr = (AdjacencyListPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct AdjacencyList));
	resultPtr->numNodes = tempNum;
	resultPtr->headers = (AdjacencyNode*)malloc(tempNum * sizeof(struct AdjacencyNode));
	
	//Fill the data.
	for (i = 0; i < tempNum; i ++) {
		//Initialize headers.
		p = &(resultPtr->headers[i]);
		p->column = -1;
		p->next = NULL;

		for (j = 0; j < tempNum; j ++) {
			if (paraPtr->connections[i][j] > 0) {
				//Create a new node.
				q = (AdjacentNodePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct AdjacencyNode));
				q->column = j;
				q->next = NULL;

				//Link.
				p->next = q;
				p = q;
			}//Of if
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i

	return resultPtr;
}//Of graphToAdjacentList

/**
 * Print an adjacent list.
 */
void printAdjacentList(AdjacencyListPtr paraPtr) {
	int i;
	AdjacentNodePtr p;
	int tempNum = paraPtr->numNodes;

	printf("This is the graph:\r\n");
	for (i = 0; i < tempNum; i ++) {
		p = paraPtr->headers[i].next;
		while (p != NULL) {
			printf("%d, ", p->column);
			p = p->next;
		}//Of while
		printf("\r\n");
	}//Of for i
}//Of printAdjacentList

/**
 * Width first tranverse.
 */
void widthFirstTranverse(AdjacencyListPtr paraListPtr, int paraStart){
	printf("width first \r\n");
	//Use a queue to manage the pointers
	int i, j, tempNode;
	AdjacentNodePtr p;
	i = 0;

	//Initialize data
	visitedPtr = (int*) malloc(paraListPtr->numNodes * sizeof(int));
	
	for (i = 0; i < paraListPtr->numNodes; i ++) {
		visitedPtr[i] = 0;
	}//Of for i

	QueuePtr tempQueuePtr = initQueue();
	printf("%d\t", paraStart);
	visitedPtr[paraStart] = 1;
	enqueue(tempQueuePtr, paraStart);
	// printf("After enqueue\r\n");
	while (!isQueueEmpty(tempQueuePtr)) {
		// printf("First while\r\n");
		tempNode = dequeue(tempQueuePtr);

		for (p = &(paraListPtr->headers[tempNode]); p != NULL; p = p->next) {
			j = p->column;
			// printf("j = %d \r\n", j);
			if (visitedPtr[j]) 
				continue;

			printf("%d\t", j);
			visitedPtr[j] = 1;
			enqueue(tempQueuePtr, j);
		}//Of for
	}//Of while
	printf("\r\n");
}//Of widthFirstTranverse

/**
 * Test graph tranverse.
 */
void testGraphTranverse() {
	int i, j;
	int myGraph[5][5] = { 
		{0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
		{1, 0, 1, 0, 1}, 
		{0, 1, 0, 1, 1}, 
		{1, 0, 1, 0, 0}, 
		{0, 1, 1, 0, 0}};
	int** tempPtr;
	printf("Preparing data\r\n");
		
	tempPtr = (int**)malloc(5 * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
		tempPtr[i] = (int*)malloc(5 * sizeof(int));
	}//Of for i
	 
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
		for (j = 0; j < 5; j ++) {
			//printf("i = %d, j = %d, ", i, j);
			//printf("%d\r\n", tempPtr[i][j]);
			tempPtr[i][j] = myGraph[i][j];
			//printf("i = %d, j = %d, %d\r\n", i, j, tempPtr[i][j]);
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i
 
	printf("Data ready\r\n");
	
	GraphPtr tempGraphPtr = initGraph(5, tempPtr);
	AdjacencyListPtr tempListPtr = graphToAdjacentList(tempGraphPtr);

	printAdjacentList(tempListPtr);

	widthFirstTranverse(tempListPtr, 4);
}//Of testGraphTranverse

/**
 * Entrance.
 */
int main(){
	testGraphTranverse();
	return 1;
}//Of main

 

 运行截图