Java、将中缀转换为后缀

package collection;

import java.util.*;

public class Exercise20_16 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.print("Enter an infix expression: ");
        String expression = new Scanner(System.in).nextLine();

        System.out.println(infixToPostfix(expression));
    }

    /** 中缀转换为后缀表达式 */
    public static String infixToPostfix(String expression) {
        String[] tokens = formatExpression(expression).split(" ");  //返回表达式空格分隔的数组
        StringBuilder postfix = new StringBuilder(tokens.length * 2);   //字符串构建器（添加后缀表达式）
        Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();    //操作符栈

        for (String op: tokens) {
            try {   //添加数字进后缀表达式
                String v = String.valueOf(Double.parseDouble(op));
                v = v.endsWith("0") ? String.valueOf(Integer.parseInt(op)) : v;
                postfix.append(v).append(" ");
            } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
            }

            switch (op) {   //比较操作符
                case "+":
                case "-":
                    while(!stack.isEmpty() && (stack.peek().equals("+") || stack.peek().equals("*") || stack.peek().equals("/"))) {
                        postfix.append(stack.pop()).append(" "); //移除优先级高的操作符
                        stack.push(op);  //添加操作符
                    } stack.push(op); break;
                case "*":
                case "/": stack.push(op); break;
                case "(": stack.push(op); break;
                case ")":
                    while (!stack.isEmpty() && !stack.peek().equals("(")) {
                        postfix.append(stack.pop()).append(" ");    //栈非空且栈顶不为(时，出栈
                    }
                    stack.pop(); break; //移除(
                default:
            }
        }

        //处理剩余操作符
        while (!stack.isEmpty())
            postfix.append(stack.pop()).append(" ");

        return postfix.toString().trim();
    }

    /** 格式化表达式（在数字和操作符间添加一个空格） */
    public static String formatExpression(String expression) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(expression.length());
        expression = expression.replaceAll(" ", "");

        for (int i = 0; i < expression.length(); i++) {
            char c = expression.charAt(i);

            if (c == '(' || c == ')' || c == '+' || c == '*' || c == '/')
                builder.append(" ").append(c).append(" ");
            else if (Character.isDigit(c) || c == '.')
                builder.append(c);
            else if (c == '-') {
                if (i == 1) builder.append(c);
                else if (expression.charAt(i - 1) == '+' || expression.charAt(i - 1) == '-' ||
                        expression.charAt(i - 1) == '*' || expression.charAt(i - 1) == '/' ||
                        expression.charAt(i - 1) == '(')
                    builder.append(c);
                else
                    builder.append(" ").append(c).append(" ");
            }
        }
        expression = builder.toString().trim().replaceAll(" {2}", " ");
        return expression;
    }
}

package revision;

import java.util.Stack;

/**
 * @create: 2023/10/25
 * @Description:
 * @FileName: Main
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        String expression = "   ( 1 +2)*   3   ";
        String expression = ". 1*( 1 .0+3)";
        System.out.println(infixToPostfix(expression));
    }

    /** 中缀表达式转换为后缀 */
    public static String infixToPostfix(String expression) {
        if (expression.isEmpty()) return "";    // 空字符串

        String[] split = format(expression).split(" ");     // 格式化后按空格分隔
        StringBuilder postfix = new StringBuilder(split.length << 1);   // 后缀表达式
        Stack<String> operator = new Stack<>();             // 操作符
        for (String sign : split) {
            try {   // 处理数字
                sign = "" + Double.parseDouble(sign);
                if (sign.endsWith("0")) sign = sign.substring(0, sign.indexOf("."));
                postfix.append(sign).append(" ");
                continue;
            } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {}

            // 处理操作符
            switch (sign) {
                case "+": case "-":
                    while (!operator.isEmpty() && operator.peek().matches("[+*/]")) {
                        postfix.append(operator.pop()).append(" ");
                        operator.push(sign);
                    }
                    operator.push(sign); break;
                case "*": case "/": case "(":
                    operator.push(sign); break;
                case ")":
                    while (!operator.isEmpty() && !operator.peek().equals("(")) {
                        postfix.append(operator.pop()).append(" ");
                    }
                    operator.pop(); break;
                default:
            }
        }
        // 处理剩余操作符
        while (!operator.isEmpty()) postfix.append(operator.pop()).append(" ");

        return postfix.toString().trim();
    }

    /** 格式化表达式 */
    private static String format(String expression) {
        // 在操作符两端加空格
        expression = expression.replaceAll("([+\\-*/()])", " $1 ");
        // 去除多余空格
        expression = expression.replaceAll(" +", " ");
        // 将浮点数连接在一起
        expression = expression.replaceAll(" *\\. *", ".");
        return expression.trim();
    }
}

 

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