JVM学习—JVM内存结构与虚拟机栈，java堆栈面试题

虚拟机栈 -Xss

本地方法栈

程序计数器

堆 -Xmx -Xmx

方法区

JVM运行时数据区：

图源：King老师

虚拟机栈

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图源：King老师

方法调用时创建栈帧，并压入虚拟机栈中，当方法执行完毕时，栈帧从虚拟机栈中出栈。主要是做方法的出栈与入栈，同时，虚拟机栈是有大小限制的，可以通过-Xss来设置虚拟机栈的大小。在64位机器上，这个参数的默认值是1m，官方解释说明如下：

• 栈溢出：一般是方法调用过深，常见于递归调用

• 内存溢出：当线程创建过多时，每个线程会占用-Xss大小的内存，最后如果内存不足，也会OOM

理解：虚拟机栈中存放是栈针，方法被调用时，创建栈针并压入虚拟机栈中，栈帧分为四个组层部分，分别是局部变量表、操作数栈、动态连接和完成出口

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栈帧

局部变量表

操作数栈

动态连接

完成出口

• 局部变量表

局部变量表中存储当前执行的方法中创建的8大基本数据类型，对自身的引用以及对堆中对象的引用

• 操作数栈

如果JVM的执行引擎相当于计算器的CPU的话，那么操作数栈相当于CPU的寄存器，操作数栈中存放了当前正在执行的指令以及结果（比如加法运算会先出栈再入栈）操作数栈中的命令会被JVM执行引擎执行

引申

如果读懂了字节码，就理解了一些优化的原则，比如

int i=0;

int y=10;

int z=(i+y)*100;

return z;

和

int i=0;

int y=10;

return (i+y)*100;

在效率上是不同的，因为int z=的时候，需要在操作数栈中先istore再iload最后再return，但是后面的方式节省了这两个指令

程序计数器是用来做什么的

============================================================================

因为CPU是采用时间划片的方式轮询各个任务的，在程序计数器中记录了当前CPU在当前线程当前方法中执行的字节码的地址

为什么会有native方法？

==============================================================================

借鉴了C C++的一些类库，而且Java在初期也没有那么多的类库

为什么会有本地方法栈

==========================================================================

虚拟机规范，但是HotSpot将本地方法栈和虚拟机栈合并了

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