狂神说java GUI编程笔记（一）AWT部分

最新推荐文章于 2022-11-11 15:27:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-11 15:27:57 发布

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分类专栏：狂神说java笔记文章标签： java 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62706061/article/details/124690145

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1.AWT介绍

–元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
–awt包下： java.awt

组件和容器

1.Frame

创建一个窗口

import java.awt.*;
public class TestFrame {
    //窗口默认可缩小，但无法关闭
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame=new Frame("第一个GUI");
        //1.使窗口可见
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //2.设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(800,200);
        //3.设置窗口初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,500);
        //上述两种方法等同于
//        frame.setBounds(200,500,800,200);
        //4.设置背景颜色  三原色 red green blue
        //以及自带静态 颜色      magenta粉色 等
        frame.setBackground(Color.MAGENTA);
//        frame.setBackground(new Color(135, 227, 119));
        //5.固定窗口大小 使其不可变
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }

}

创建多个窗口

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrameMul {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //ctrl + d  复制本行到下一行
        new MyFrame(100,100,500,500,Color.BLUE);
        new MyFrame(100,300,500,500,Color.BLUE);
        new MyFrame(300,100,500,500,Color.BLUE);
        new MyFrame(300,300,500,500,Color.BLUE);
    }


}
class  MyFrame extends Frame{
    //静态id反应共多少个弹窗
    static int id=0;

    public MyFrame (int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color) {
        super("多个弹窗" + (++id));
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        this.setBackground(color);

    }

}

2.panel（面板）

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPanel {
    //Panel 无法单独存在，可看最是一个空间
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame=new Frame("第一个Panel");
        //FlowLayout 流布局
        Panel panel=new Panel();

        //设置可见
        frame.setVisible(true);
        //将panel 添加到frame上
        frame.add(panel);

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);//NULL报错
        //大小位置
        frame.setBounds(200,600,500,500);
        panel.setBounds(100,300,250,250);
        //背景
        frame.setBackground(new Color(161, 146, 245));
        panel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);

        //awt实现关闭功能
        //监听 监听关闭事件
        //给frame添加windows监听事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //参数应为Windos适配器 否则直接为WindowsListener 需重载太多方法
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

3.布局管理器

·(1)流式(FlowLayout)布局从左到右

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayOut {
    //alt+enter   默认给new出来的对象提供左边
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame =new Frame();
       Button bt1=new Button("First");
       Button bt2=new Button("Second");
       Button bt3=new Button("Third");
        //设置流式布局
//        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());//默认居中
//        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
        //设置大小及可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(500,500,400,400);
        //添加按钮
        frame.add(bt1);
        frame.add(bt2);
        frame.add(bt3);
    }
}

·(2)东南西北中(BorderLayout) 上下式

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    //border 边界
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame=new Frame("空");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(500,500,300,300);
        frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        Button bt1=new Button("first");
        Button bt2=new Button("second");
        Button bt3=new Button("third");
        Button bt4=new Button("four");
        Button bt5=new Button("five");

        frame.add(bt1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(bt2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(bt3,BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(bt4,BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(bt5,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//        frame.pack();
    }
}

·(3)表格式(GridLayout) 几行几列

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame=new Frame("GridLayout");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setLocation(600,600);
        Button bt1=new Button("bt1");
        Button bt2=new Button("bt2");
        Button bt3=new Button("bt3");
        Button bt4=new Button("bt4");
        Button bt5=new Button("bt5");
        Button bt6=new Button("bt6");
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,3,1,1));
        frame.add(bt1);
        frame.add(bt2);
        frame.add(bt3);
        frame.add(bt4);
        frame.add(bt5);
        frame.add(bt6);
    }

}

（4）.综合练习

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestAll {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame=new Frame("Demo");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setBounds(500,500,600,600);
        frame.setBackground(Color.MAGENTA);
        //分为上下两个面板
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p1=new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2=new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p3=new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p4=new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));

        //上面的面板分为左，中，右    中部再分为上下
        p1.add(new Button("1-west"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p1.add(new Button("1-east"), BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(p3,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        p3.add(new Button("1-center-up"));
        p3.add(new Button("1-center-down"));
        //下面
        p2.add(new Button("2-west"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("2-east"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p2.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        p4.add(new Button("2-center-up-1"));
        p4.add(new Button("2-center-up-2"));
        p4.add(new Button("2-center-down-1"));
        p4.add(new Button("2-center-down-2"));
        //面板需先做好，然后再添加
        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p2);
        frame.pack();
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

总结：

1.Frame是一个顶级窗口

2.Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中。

3.布局管理器

1.流式 FlowLayout

2.东西南北中 BorderLayout

3.表格 GridLayout

4.大小，定位，背景颜色，可见性！

4.事件监听


import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame=new Frame();
        Button bt1=new Button("start");
        Button bt2=new Button("end");
        bt1.setActionCommand("start");
        //addActionListener需要一个ActionListener参数,ActionListener/是一个接口
        MyActionListener actionListener=new MyActionListener();
        bt1.addActionListener(actionListener);
        bt2.addActionListener(actionListener);
        frame.add(bt1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(bt2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("e.getActionCommand()=="+e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

5.输入框事件监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestTextField {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame1();
    }
}
class MyFrame1 extends Frame {
    public MyFrame1(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        MyActionListener1 myActionListener=new MyActionListener1();
        //按enter键触发事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        //隐藏编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        add(textField);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}
class MyActionListener1 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //e.getSource();//返回一个object对象
        TextField field=(TextField)e.getSource();
       System.out.println( field.getText() );
       field.setText("");
    }
}

6.简易计算器

oop原则组合大于继承

使用了内部类

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calc().loadFrame();
    }
}
class Calc extends Frame {
    public TextField textField1,textField2,textField3;
    public void loadFrame() {
        //三个文本框，一个按钮，一个标签
         textField1=new TextField();
        textField2=new TextField();
        textField3=new TextField();
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label=new Label("+");
        //文本框长度   按钮监听事件
        textField1.setColumns(10);
        textField2.setColumns(10);
        textField3.setColumns(20);
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalcActionListener());
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(textField1);
        add(label);
        add(textField2);
        add(button);
        add(textField3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
    private class MyCalcActionListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1=Integer.parseInt(textField1.getText());
            int n2=Integer.parseInt(textField2.getText());
            textField3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            textField2.setText("");
            textField1.setText("");
        }
    }
}

7.画笔

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void loadFrame(){
         setBounds(600,600,400,300);
         setVisible(true);
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //super.paint(g);
        //draw 和 fill   Oval是椭圆形
//        g.setColor(Color.MAGENTA);
        g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);//x,y为相对位置
//        g.fillOval(200,200,100,100);
        g.fillRect(100,200,200,300);
        //画笔用完，将其还原为最初颜色
    }
}

8.鼠标监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    ArrayList<Point> points;
    MyFrame(String title)
    {
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        points=new ArrayList<>();
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
        setVisible(true);
    }
    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Iterator iterator=points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point=(Point)iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.MAGENTA);
            g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
        }
    }
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame myFrame=(MyFrame)e.getSource();
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            points.add(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            myFrame.repaint();
        }
    }
}

9.窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindowListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.MAGENTA);
        setBounds(100,100,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
//        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                Frame source = (Frame)e.getSource();
                source.setTitle("窗口被激活了");
                System.out.println("windowActivated");
            }
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("windowClosing");
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
//    private class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
//
//        @Override
//        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//            setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口
            System.exit(0);//正常退出
//        }
//    }
}

10.键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setTitle("KeyFrame");
        setBounds(200,200,200,200);
        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                if(keyCode==KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了up键");
                }
            }
        });
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

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狂神说java GUI编程笔记（一）AWT部分

1.AWT介绍–元素：窗口，按钮，文本框–awt包下： java.awt组件和容器1.Frame创建一个窗口import java.awt.*;public class TestFrame { //窗口默认可缩小，但无法关闭 public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame=new Frame("第一个GUI"); //1.使窗口可见 frame.setVisible(tru
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