预测函数-

# 预测：以模型（theta）单一样本（xi）为输入，返回预测标签
def predict(xi, theta, bias=0):
    label = np.sign(xi @ theta + bias)
    return label

np.sum(predict(X_test, model.coef_[0], model.intercept_[0]) == y_test)/X_test.shape[0]

def predict(xi, theta, bias=0):
    label = np.sign(xi @ theta + bias)
    return label

1. Function Definition: This defines a function named predict that takes three parameters - xi (a single sample), theta (model parameters), and an optional bias (default value is 0).

2. Prediction Formula: The core of the function is the line label = np.sign(xi @ theta + bias). Here's the breakdown:

   • xi @ theta: This represents the dot product of the input sample xi and the model parameters theta.
   • xi @ theta + bias: This is the linear combination of the dot product and the bias term.
   • np.sign(...): This function returns the sign of the result. If the result is positive, it returns 1; if it's negative, it returns -1; and if it's zero, it returns 0.
   • label: The final predicted label for the input sample.

np.sum(predict(X_test, model.coef_[0], model.intercept_[0]) == y_test)/X_test.shape[0]

1. Testing and Evaluation:
   • predict(X_test, model.coef_[0], model.intercept_[0]): This predicts labels for all samples in X_test using the model parameters model.coef_[0] (coefficients) and model.intercept_[0] (bias).
   • == y_test: This checks where the predicted labels match the actual labels in y_test, resulting in a boolean array of True and False.
   • np.sum(...): This calculates the total number of True values, which represent correct predictions.
   • /X_test.shape[0]: This normalizes the sum by dividing it by the total number of samples in X_test, giving the accuracy of the model on the test data.