🍨 本文为🔗365天深度学习训练营 中的学习记录博客
🍦 参考文章：365天深度学习训练营-第P8周：YOLOv5-C3模块实现（训练营内部成员可读）
🍖 原作者：K同学啊|接辅导、项目定制
🏡 运行环境：
电脑系统：Windows 10
语言环境：python 3.10
编译器：Pycharm 2022.1.1
深度学习环境：Pytorch
目录
一、前期准备
1.1 设置GPU
🍦🍦🍦如果设备上支持GPU就使用GPU,否则使用CPU。
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import torchvision
from torchvision import transforms, datasets
import os, PIL,pathlib
''' 设置GPU '''
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
device(type='cuda')1.2 导入数据
import os, PIL,random,pathlib
data_dir='D:\empire\weather_photos'
data_dir=pathlib.Path(data_dir)
data_paths = list(data_dir.glob('*'))
classeNames = [str(path).split("\\")[1] for path in data_paths]
classeNames
Out:
['empire', 'empire', 'empire', 'empire']
#关于transforms.Compose的更多介绍参考：
train_transforms=transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224,224]),#将输入图片的resize成统一尺寸
#transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),#随机水平翻转
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize( #标准化处理——>转换为标准正态分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406],
std=[0.229,0.224,0.225]) #其中，mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225])从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])
test_transforms=transforms.Compose([
transforms.Resize([224,224]),#将输入图片resize统一尺寸
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize( #标准化处理——>转换为标准正态分布（高斯分布），使模型更容易收敛
mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406],
std=[0.229,0.224,0.225]) #其中，mean=[0.485,0.456,0.406]与std=[0.229,0.224,0.225])从数据集中随机抽样计算得到的。
])
total_data=datasets.ImageFolder('D:\empire\weather_photos',transform=train_transforms)
total_data
Dataset ImageFolder Number of datapoints: 1125 Root location: D:\empire\weather_photos StandardTransform Transform: Compose( Resize(size=[224, 224], interpolation=bilinear, max_size=None, antialias=None) ToTensor() Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]) )
total_data.class_to_idx{'cloudy': 0, 'rain': 1, 'shine': 2, 'sunrise': 3}
1.3 划分数据集
train_size=int(0.8*len(total_data))
test_size=len(total_data)-train_size
train_dataset,test_dataset=torch.utils.data.random_split(total_data,[train_size,test_size])
train_dataset,test_dataset(<torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x1c631050c70>, <torch.utils.data.dataset.Subset at 0x1c6310501f0>)
batch_size=4
train_dl=torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
test_dl=torch.utils.data.DataLoader(test_dataset,
batch_size=batch_size,
shuffle=True,
num_workers=1)
for X,y in test_dl:
print("Shape of X [N,C,H,W]:",X.shape)
print("Shape of y:",y.shape,y.dtype)
breakShape of X [N,C,H,W]: torch.Size([4, 3, 224, 224])
Shape of y: torch.Size([4]) torch.int64
二、构建包含C3模块的模型
🍦🍦🍦提示：是否可以尝试通过增加/调整C3模块与Conv模块来提高准确率？
2.1 搭建模型
import torch.nn.functional as F
def autopad(k, p=None): # kernel, padding
# Pad to 'same'
if p is None:
p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k] # auto-pad
return p
class Conv(nn.Module):
# Standard convolution
def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True): # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups
super().__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p), groups=g, bias=False)
self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
self.act = nn.SiLU() if act is True else (act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity())
def forward(self, x):
return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))
class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
# Standard bottleneck
def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
def forward(self, x):
return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
class C3(nn.Module):
# CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions
def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5): # ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion
super().__init__()
c_ = int(c2 * e) # hidden channels
self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1) # act=FReLU(c2)
self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
def forward(self, x):
return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), dim=1))
class model_K(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(model_K, self).__init__()
# 卷积模块
self.Conv = Conv(3, 32, 3, 2)
# C3模块1
self.C3_1 = C3(32, 64, 3, 2)
# 全连接网络层，用于分类
self.classifier = nn.Sequential(
nn.Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4)
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.Conv(x)
x = self.C3_1(x)
x = torch.flatten(x, start_dim=1)
x = self.classifier(x)
return x
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print("Using {} device".format(device))
model = model_K().to(device)
model
Using cpu device
Out[58]:model_K(
(Conv): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(C3_1): C3(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv3): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(64, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(m): Sequential(
(0): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
(1): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
(2): Bottleneck(
(cv1): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
(cv2): Conv(
(conv): Conv2d(32, 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(bn): BatchNorm2d(32, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.1, affine=True, track_running_stats=True)
(act): SiLU()
)
)
)
)
(classifier): Sequential(
(0): Linear(in_features=802816, out_features=100, bias=True)
(1): ReLU()
(2): Linear(in_features=100, out_features=4, bias=True)
)
)
2.2 查看模型详情
#统计模型参数量以及其他指标
import torchsummary as summary
summary.summary(model,(3,224,224))
----------------------------------------------------------------
Layer (type) Output Shape Param #
================================================================
Conv2d-1 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 864
BatchNorm2d-2 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-3 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-4 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-5 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-6 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-7 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-8 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-9 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-10 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-11 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-12 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-13 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-14 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-15 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-16 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-17 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-18 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-19 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-20 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-21 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-22 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-23 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-24 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-25 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-26 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-27 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-28 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-29 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-30 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-31 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 9,216
BatchNorm2d-32 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-33 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-34 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Bottleneck-35 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-36 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 1,024
BatchNorm2d-37 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 64
SiLU-38 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv-39 [-1, 32, 112, 112] 0
Conv2d-40 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 4,096
BatchNorm2d-41 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 128
SiLU-42 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Conv-43 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
C3-44 [-1, 64, 112, 112] 0
Linear-45 [-1, 100] 80,281,700
ReLU-46 [-1, 100] 0
Linear-47 [-1, 4] 404
================================================================
Total params: 80,320,536
Trainable params: 80,320,536
Non-trainable params: 0
----------------------------------------------------------------
Input size (MB): 0.57
Forward/backward pass size (MB): 150.06
Params size (MB): 306.40
Estimated Total Size (MB): 457.04
----------------------------------------------------------------
三、训练模型
3.1 编写训练函数
# 训练循环
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
size = len(dataloader.dataset) # 训练集的大小
num_batches = len(dataloader) # 批次数目, (size/batch_size，向上取整)
train_loss, train_acc = 0, 0 # 初始化训练损失和正确率
for X, y in dataloader: # 获取图片及其标签
X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
# 计算预测误差
pred = model(X) # 网络输出
loss = loss_fn(pred, y) # 计算网络输出和真实值之间的差距，targets为真实值，计算二者差值即为损失
# 反向传播
optimizer.zero_grad() # grad属性归零
loss.backward() # 反向传播
optimizer.step() # 每一步自动更新
# 记录acc与loss
train_acc += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
train_loss += loss.item()
train_acc /= size
train_loss /= num_batches
return train_acc, train_loss3.2 编写测试函数
🍦🍦🍦测试函数和训练函数大致相同，但是由于不进行梯度下降对网络权重进行更新，所以不需要传入优化器。
def test(dataloader,model,loss_fn):
size=len(dataloader.dataset)#测试集的大小
num_batches=len(dataloader)#批次数目，（size/batch_size,向上取整）
test_loss,test_acc=0,0
#当不进行训练时，停止梯度更新，节省计算内存消耗
with torch.no_grad():
for imgs,target in dataloader:
imgs,target = imgs.to(device),target.to(device)
#计算loss
target_pred=model(imgs)
loss=loss_fn(target_pred,target)
test_loss += loss.item()
test_acc += (target_pred.argmax(1)==target).type(torch.float).sum().item()
test_acc /= size
test_loss /= num_batches
return test_acc,test_loss3.3 正式训练
import copy
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4)
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() # 创建损失函数
epochs = 5
train_loss = []
train_acc = []
test_loss = []
test_acc = []
best_acc = 0 # 设置一个最佳准确率，作为最佳模型的判别指标
for epoch in range(epochs):
model.train()
epoch_train_acc, epoch_train_loss = train(train_dl, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, model, loss_fn)
# 保存最佳模型到 best_model
if epoch_test_acc > best_acc:
best_acc = epoch_test_acc
best_model = copy.deepcopy(model)
train_acc.append(epoch_train_acc)
train_loss.append(epoch_train_loss)
test_acc.append(epoch_test_acc)
test_loss.append(epoch_test_loss)
# 获取当前的学习率
lr = optimizer.state_dict()['param_groups'][0]['lr']
template = ('Epoch:{:2d}, Train_acc:{:.1f}%, Train_loss:{:.3f}, Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}, Lr:{:.2E}')
print(template.format(epoch+1, epoch_train_acc*100, epoch_train_loss,
epoch_test_acc*100,epoch_test_loss,lr))
# 保存最佳模型到文件中
PATH = './best_model.pth' # 保存的参数文件名
torch.save(model.state_dict(), PATH)
print('Done')
Epoch: 1, Train_acc:70.7%, Train_loss:1.446, Test_acc:83.6%, Test_loss:0.509, Lr:1.00E-04 Epoch: 2, Train_acc:84.4%, Train_loss:0.416, Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:0.366, Lr:1.00E-04 Epoch: 3, Train_acc:92.7%, Train_loss:0.228, Test_acc:85.8%, Test_loss:0.430, Lr:1.00E-04 Epoch: 4, Train_acc:96.3%, Train_loss:0.100, Test_acc:84.4%, Test_loss:0.463, Lr:1.00E-04 Epoch: 5, Train_acc:97.7%, Train_loss:0.092, Test_acc:81.8%, Test_loss:0.713, Lr:1.00E-04 Done
四、结果可视化
4.1 Loss与Accuracy图
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#隐藏警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") #忽略警告信息
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 用来正常显示负号
plt.rcParams['figure.dpi'] = 100 #分辨率
epochs_range = range(epochs)
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 3))
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_acc, label='Training Accuracy')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_acc, label='Test Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc='lower right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Accuracy')
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(epochs_range, train_loss, label='Training Loss')
plt.plot(epochs_range, test_loss, label='Test Loss')
plt.legend(loc='upper right')
plt.title('Training and Validation Loss')
plt.show()
4.2 模型评估
best_model.eval()
epoch_test_acc, epoch_test_loss = test(test_dl, best_model, loss_fn)
print('Test_acc:{:.1f}%, Test_loss:{:.3f}'.format(epoch_test_acc*100, epoch_test_loss))Test_acc:88.0%, Test_loss:0.353
#查看是否与我们记录的最高准确率一 致
epoch_test_acc0.88
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