2025年OWASP十大漏洞

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) has released its much-anticipated Smart Contract Top 10 for 2025, a comprehensive awareness document aimed at equipping Web3 developers and security teams with the knowledge to combat the most critical vulnerabilities in smart contracts.
开放Web应用程序安全项目（OWASP）发布了备受期待的2025年智能合约十大，这是一份全面的意识文档，旨在为Web3开发人员和安全团队提供知识，以应对智能合约中最关键的漏洞。

As decentralized finance (DeFi) and blockchain technology continue to grow, the importance of robust smart contract security has never been more evident. The latest list reflects evolving attack vectors and highlights the vulnerabilities that have been most exploited or discovered in recent years.
随着去中心化金融（DeFi）和区块链技术的不断发展，强大的智能合约安全性的重要性从未如此明显。最新的列表反映了不断变化的攻击媒介，并突出了近年来被利用或发现最多的漏洞。

The OWASP Smart Contract Top 10 serves as a vital resource for developers, auditors, and security professionals, offering insights into common weaknesses and mitigation strategies.
OWASP智能合约Top 10是开发人员，审计人员和安全专业人员的重要资源，为常见弱点和缓解策略提供见解。

It complements other OWASP projects, such as the Smart Contract Security Verification Standard (SCSVS) and Smart Contract Security Testing Guide (SCSTG), providing a holistic approach to securing blockchain ecosystems.
它补充了其他OWASP项目，如智能合约安全验证标准（SCSVS）和智能合约安全测试指南（SCSTG），提供了一种保护区块链生态系统的整体方法。

OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities 2025:OWASP 2025年十大漏洞：

1. Access Control Vulnerabilities访问控制漏洞
2. Price Oracle Manipulation价格Oracle操纵
3. Logic Errors逻辑错误
4. Lack of Input Validation缺乏输入验证
5. Reentrancy Attacks重入攻击
6. Unchecked External Calls未检查的外部呼叫
7. Flash Loan Attacks闪电贷款攻击
8. Integer Overflow and Underflow上溢和下溢
9. Insecure Randomness不安全随机性
10. Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks拒绝服务（DoS）攻击

Detailed Overview of the Top Vulnerabilities
主要漏洞的详细概述

SC01: Access Control VulnerabilitiesSC01：访问控制漏洞

Access control flaws remain the leading cause of financial losses in smart contracts, accounting for $953.2 million in damages in 2024 alone. These vulnerabilities occur when permission checks are improperly implemented, allowing unauthorized users to access or modify critical functions or data. A notable example is the 88mph Function Initialization Bug, which allowed attackers to reinitialize contracts and gain administrative privileges.
访问控制缺陷仍然是智能合约财务损失的主要原因，仅在2024年就造成了9.532亿美元的损失。这些漏洞发生在权限检查未正确实施时，允许未经授权的用户访问或修改关键功能或数据。一个值得注意的例子是88mph的函数漏洞，它允许攻击者重新初始化合同并获得管理权限。

SC02: Price Oracle ManipulationSC02：价格Oracle操纵

Manipulating price oracles—external data feeds used by smart contracts—can destabilize protocols, leading to financial losses or systemic failures. Attackers often exploit poorly designed oracle mechanisms to inflate or deflate asset prices temporarily.
操纵价格预言器（智能合约使用的外部数据馈送）可能会破坏协议的稳定性，导致财务损失或系统故障。攻击者经常利用设计不佳的预言机机制来暂时抬高或压低资产价格。

SC03: Logic ErrorsSC03：逻辑错误

Business logic vulnerabilities arise when contracts fail to execute their intended functions correctly. These errors can lead to improper token minting, flawed lending protocols, or incorrect reward distributions.
当合约无法正确执行其预期功能时，就会出现业务逻辑漏洞。这些错误可能导致不正确的代币铸造，有缺陷的借贷协议或不正确的奖励分配。

SC04: Lack of Input ValidationSC 04：缺乏输入验证

Failure to validate user inputs can allow attackers to inject malicious data into smart contracts, causing unexpected behaviors or breaking contract logic.
如果无法验证用户输入，攻击者可能会将恶意数据注入智能合约，导致意外行为或破坏合约逻辑。

SC05: Reentrancy AttacksSC05：重入攻击

Reentrancy attacks exploit a contract’s ability to call external functions before completing its own state updates. This classic vulnerability was infamously used in the DAO hack of 2016, which drained $70 million worth of Ether.
重入攻击利用合约在完成自身状态更新之前调用外部函数的能力。这个经典的漏洞在2016年的DAO黑客事件中被臭名昭著地使用，该事件消耗了价值7000万美元的以太币。

SC06: Unchecked External CallsSC06：未检查的外部呼叫

When smart contracts fail to verify the success of external calls, they risk proceeding with incorrect assumptions about transaction outcomes. This can lead to inconsistencies or exploitation by malicious actors.
当智能合约无法验证外部调用的成功时，它们可能会对交易结果进行错误的假设。这可能导致不一致或被恶意行为者利用。

SC07: Flash Loan AttacksSC07：闪贷攻击

Flash loans allow users to borrow funds without collateral within a single transaction but can be exploited to manipulate markets or drain liquidity pools.
闪速贷款允许用户在一笔交易中无需抵押品就能借入资金，但可能被用来操纵市场或耗尽流动性。

SC08: Integer Overflow and UnderflowSC08：溢出和下溢

Arithmetic errors occur when calculations exceed data type limits, potentially allowing attackers to manipulate balances or bypass restrictions.
当计算超过数据类型限制时会发生算术错误，这可能使攻击者能够操纵余额或绕过限制。

SC09: Insecure RandomnessSC09：不安全的随机性

Blockchain’s deterministic nature makes generating secure randomness challenging. Predictable randomness can compromise lotteries, token distributions, or other functionalities relying on random outcomes.
区块链的确定性本质使得生成安全的随机性具有挑战性。可预测的随机性可能会损害彩票，令牌分发或其他依赖于随机结果的功能。

SC10: Denial of Service (DoS) AttacksSC10：拒绝服务（DoS）攻击

DoS attacks target resource-intensive functions within smart contracts, rendering them unresponsive by exhausting gas limits or computational resources.
DoS攻击针对智能合约中的资源密集型功能，通过耗尽气体限制或计算资源使其无法响应。

Real-World Impacts现实世界的影响

The OWASP Smart Contract Top 10 is informed by incidents documented in resources like SolidityScan’s Web3HackHub and Immunefi’s Crypto Losses Report.
OWASP智能合约前10名由SolidityScan的Web3HackHub和Immunefi的加密损失报告等资源中记录的事件提供信息。

In 2024 alone, over $1.42 billion was lost across 149 documented incidents due to vulnerabilities such as access control flaws ($953M), logic errors ($63M), and reentrancy attacks ($35M). These figures underscore the urgent need for robust security practices in blockchain development.
仅在2024年，由于访问控制缺陷（9.53亿美元）、逻辑错误（6300万美元）和重入攻击（3500万美元）等漏洞，149起记录在案的事件造成了超过14.2亿美元的损失。这些数字强调了在区块链开发中迫切需要强大的安全实践。

As blockchain technology matures, so do the methods employed by attackers seeking to exploit its vulnerabilities. The OWASP Smart Contract Top 10 for 2025 provides a critical roadmap for developers and security teams aiming to safeguard decentralized ecosystems against evolving threats.
随着区块链技术的成熟，试图利用其漏洞的攻击者所采用的方法也是如此。2025年OWASP智能合约前10名为开发人员和安全团队提供了一个重要的路线图，旨在保护分散的生态系统免受不断变化的威胁。

By adhering to these guidelines and integrating best practices into every stage of development from design to deployment Web3 projects can bolster their resilience against potential exploits while fostering trust among users and investors alike.
通过遵守这些指导方针并将最佳实践集成到从设计到部署的每个开发阶段，Web3项目可以增强其对潜在漏洞的抵御能力，同时培养用户和投资者之间的信任。