1.项目介绍
该项目是一个基于http和tcp协议自主实现的WebServer,用于实现浏览器对服务器的简单请求,然后接收服务器返回的处理请求数据,目的是为了让学习者更好的对网络连接和相关协议进行理解,同时制作出像网络在线计算机,音视频请求播放,或者类似博客的功能,该醒目利用到的主要技术有网络编程(socket),多线程编程,cgi技术,管道通信等。
2.具体编码实现
2.1 tcp_server
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include "LOG.hpp"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define PORT 8081
#define BACKLOG 5
class TcpServer{
private:
int listen_sock;
int port;
static TcpServer* tcpserver;
private:
TcpServer(int _port = PORT):listen_sock(),port(_port){ }
~TcpServer(){}
public:
static TcpServer* GetInstance(int _port = PORT){
static pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
if(tcpserver == nullptr){
pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);
if(tcpserver == nullptr){
tcpserver = new TcpServer(_port);
tcpserver->InitTcpServer();
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
}
return tcpserver;
}
void InitTcpServer(){
CreateSock();
BindSock();
ListenSock();
}
void CreateSock(){
listen_sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(listen_sock < 0){
LOG(INFO,"Create Sock Unsucess!");
exit(1);
}
int opt = 1;
setsockopt(listen_sock,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&opt,sizeof(opt));
LOG(INFO,"Create Sock Sucess!");
}
void BindSock(){
struct sockaddr_in local;
memset(&local,0,sizeof(local));
local.sin_family = AF_INET;
local.sin_port = htons(port);
local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; //云服务器不可以直接绑定ip
if(bind(listen_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&local,sizeof(local))<0){
LOG(INFO,"Bind Sock Unsucess!");
exit(2);
}
LOG(INFO,"Bind Sock Sucess!");
}
void ListenSock(){
if(listen(listen_sock,BACKLOG)<0){
LOG(INFO,"Listen Sock Unsucess!");
exit(3);
}
LOG(INFO,"Listen Sock Sucess!");
}
int GetListenSock(){
return listen_sock;
}
};
TcpServer* TcpServer::tcpserver = nullptr;
2.2 http_server
#pragma once
#include "TcpServer.hpp"
#include "Protocol.hpp"
#include "LOG.hpp"
#include "Task.hpp"
#include "ThreadPool.hpp"
#define PORT 8081
class HttpServer{
private:
int sock;
int port;
int stop;
TcpServer* tcpserver;
public:
HttpServer(int _port = PORT):port(_port),stop(false),tcpserver(nullptr){}
void InitHttpServer(){
// 防止对端(client and server)断开发送SIGPIPE信号时,执行默认动作
signal(SIGPIPE,SIG_IGN);
}
void Loop(){
tcpserver = TcpServer::GetInstance(port);
while(!stop){
struct sockaddr_in peer;
socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);
memset(&peer,0,sizeof(peer));
sock = accept(tcpserver->GetListenSock(),(struct sockaddr*)&peer,&len);
LOG(INFO,"Begin Get A New Link!");
if(sock < 0){
LOG(INFO,"Accept Socket Unsucess!");
continue;
}
LOG(INFO,"Begin Proess Request!");
TASK task(sock);
ThreadPool::GetInstance()->PushTask(task);
}
}
~HttpServer(){}
};
2.3 日志系统
#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <time.h>
#define INFO 1
#define WARNING 2
#define ERROR 3
#define FATAL 4
#define LOG(level,message) log(#level,message,__FILE__,__LINE__)
void log(std::string level,std::string message,std::string fname,int eline){
struct tm t;
time_t now = time(NULL);
localtime_r(&now,&t);
printf("[%-7s][%-4d-%02d-%02d %02d:%02d:%02d][%-30s][%-15s][%-4d]\n",\
level.c_str(),t.tm_year+1900,t.tm_mon+1,t.tm_mday,t.tm_hour,t.tm_min,t.tm_sec,\
message.c_str(),fname.c_str(),eline);
}
2.4 Protocol协议的搭建
class EndPoint{
private:
int sock;
bool stop;
HttpRequest http_request;
HttpResbonse http_resbonse;
public:
EndPoint(int _sock):sock(_sock),stop(false){}
int IsStop(){
return stop;
}
void RecvHttpRequest(){
if((!Recv_Parse_HttpRequest_Line()) && \
(!Recv_Parse_HttpRequest_Head()) && \
(!Recv_HttpRequest_Body())){}
}
int Recv_Parse_HttpRequest_Line(){
LOG(INFO,"Begin Recv Request");
//recv
if(Utility::ReadLine(sock,http_request.request_line)> 0){
http_request.request_line.back() = 0;
LOG(INFO,http_request.request_line);
}
else{
stop = true;
return stop;
}
//parse
std::stringstream ss(http_request.request_line);
ss>>http_request.method>>http_request.uri>>http_request.version;
//toupper
auto& mt = http_request.method;
std::transform(mt.begin(),mt.end(),mt.begin(),::toupper);
size_t pos = http_request.path.rfind(".");
if(pos != std::string::npos){
http_request.suffix = http_request.path.substr(pos+1);
}
return stop;
}
int Recv_Parse_HttpRequest_Head(){
//recv
std::string line = "";
while(true){
line.clear();
if(Utility::ReadLine(sock,line)<=0){
stop = true;
return stop;
}
if(line == "\n"){
http_request.blank = line;
break;
}
line.back() = 0;
http_request.request_header.push_back(line);
LOG(INFO,line);
}
//parse
for(auto& item:http_request.request_header) {
std::string key,value;
Utility::CutString(item,key,value,": ");
http_request.request_header_kv[key] = value;
}
return stop;
}
int Recv_HttpRequest_Body(){
auto& mt = http_request.method;
if(mt == "POST"){
auto item = http_request.request_header_kv.find("Content-Length");
if(item != http_request.request_header_kv.end()){
http_request.content_length = atoi(item->second.c_str());
int size = http_request.content_length;
while(size){
char ch;
size_t s = recv(sock,&ch,1,0);
if(s > 0){
http_request.request_body.push_back(ch);
size--;
}
else if(s == 0){
break;
}
else {
stop = true;
return stop;
LOG(ERROR,"Recv RequestBody Error");
exit(1);
}
}
}
}
return stop;
}
void Build_HttpResbonse(){
http_request.path = "wwwroot";
auto& mt = http_request.method;
std::string tmp;
struct stat buf;
//检查方法是否合法
if(mt!= "GET" && mt != "POST"){
LOG(INFO,"Request Method Is Not Law!");
http_resbonse.status_code = NOT_FOUND;
goto END;
}
if(mt == "GET"){
//如果是get方法,检查是否带参
size_t pos = http_request.uri.find("?");
if(pos != std::string::npos){
Utility::CutString(http_request.uri,tmp,http_request.query,"?");
http_request.cgi = true;
}
else {
tmp = http_request.uri;
}
}
else if(mt == "POST"){
tmp = http_request.uri;
http_request.cgi = true;
}
else{}
//拼接web根目录
http_request.path += tmp;
if(http_request.path.back() == '/'){
http_request.path += "index.html";
}
//检查资源是否存在
if(!stat(http_request.path.c_str(),&buf)){
//检查资源是否是目录
if(S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)){
http_request.path += "/";
http_request.path += "index.html";
stat(http_request.path.c_str(),&buf);
}//检查资源是否是可自行文件
else if((S_IXUSR & buf.st_mode)||(S_IXGRP & buf.st_mode)||(S_IXOTH & buf.st_mode)){
http_request.cgi = true;
}
http_request.size = buf.st_size;
}
else {
LOG(INFO,http_request.path +"Resorce Is Not Exist");
http_resbonse.status_code = NOT_FOUND;
goto END;
}
if(http_request.cgi){
http_resbonse.status_code = HandlerCgi();
}
else{
http_resbonse.status_code = HandlerNonCgi();
}
END:
Build_HttpResbonseHelper();
}
int HandlerNonCgi(){
auto& path = http_request.path;
http_resbonse.fd = open(path.c_str(),O_RDONLY);
if(http_resbonse.fd > 0){
return OK;
}
return NOT_FOUND;
}
int HandlerCgi(){
auto& bin = http_request.path;
auto& query_get = http_request.query;
auto& query_post = http_request.request_body;
int upfd[2],downfd[2];
if(pipe(upfd)<0 || pipe(downfd)<0){
LOG(ERROR,"PIPE ERROR");
return ERROR_SERVER;
}
pid_t pid = fork();
if(pid == 0){
close(upfd[0]);
close(downfd[1]);
dup2(downfd[0],0);
dup2(upfd[1],1);
std::string method = "METHOD=";
method += http_request.method;
putenv((char*)method.c_str());
if(http_request.method == "GET"){
std::string query = "QUERY=";
query += query_get;
putenv((char*)query.c_str());
}
else if(http_request.method == "POST"){
int cl = http_request.content_length;
std::string content_length = "CONTENT_LENGTH=";
content_length += std::to_string(cl);
putenv((char*)content_length.c_str());
}
execl(bin.c_str(),bin.c_str(),nullptr);
exit(1);
}
else if(pid > 0){
close(upfd[1]);
close(downfd[0]);
std::string& method = http_request.method;
if(method == "POST"){
const char* query = query_post.c_str();
ssize_t total = 0,size = 0;
while(total < http_request.content_length && \
(size = write(downfd[1],query+total,http_request.content_length - total)) > 0){
total += size;
}
}
std::string& body = http_resbonse.resbonse_body;
char ch = 0;
while(read(upfd[0],&ch,1) > 0){
body.push_back(ch);
}
int status = 0;
int ret = waitpid(pid,&status,0);
if(ret == pid){
if(WIFEXITED(status) && !WEXITSTATUS(status)){
return OK;
}
else {
LOG(ERROR,"----------");
return ERROR_SERVER;
}
}
close(upfd[0]);
close(downfd[1]);
}
else{
LOG(ERROR,"Create SonProcess Unsucess");
return 404;
}
}
void Build_HttpResbonseHelper(){
int code = http_resbonse.status_code;
auto& status_line = http_resbonse.resbonse_line;
status_line = VERSION;
status_line += " ";
status_line += std::to_string(code);
status_line += " ";
status_line += StatusCodeDesc(code);
status_line += LINE_END;
if(code == 200){
BuildOKResbonse();
}
else {
BuildErrorResbonse(code);
}
}
void BuildOKResbonse(){
std::string line = "Content-Length: ";
if(http_request.cgi){
line += std::to_string(http_resbonse.resbonse_body.size());
}
else {
line += std::to_string(http_request.size);
}
line+=LINE_END;
http_resbonse.resbonse_header.push_back(line);
line = "Content-Type: ";
line += SuffixDesc(http_request.suffix);
line += LINE_END;
http_resbonse.resbonse_header.push_back(line);
}
void BuildErrorResbonse(int code){
http_request.cgi = false;
std::string page = GetErrorFile(code);
std::cout<<"page"<<page<<std::endl;
http_resbonse.fd = open(page.c_str(),O_RDONLY);
if(http_resbonse.fd > 0){
struct stat buf;
stat(page.c_str(),&buf);
http_request.size = buf.st_size;
std::string line = "Content-type: text/html";
line += LINE_END;
http_resbonse.resbonse_header.push_back(line);
line = "Content-Length: ";
line += std::to_string(buf.st_size);
line += LINE_END;
http_resbonse.resbonse_header.push_back(line);
}
}
void Send_HttpResbonse(){
auto& line = http_resbonse.resbonse_line;
send(sock,line.c_str(),line.size(),0);
for(auto& item : http_resbonse.resbonse_header){
send(sock,item.c_str(),item.size(),0);
}
send(sock,http_resbonse.blank.c_str(),http_resbonse.blank.size(),0);
if(http_request.cgi){
send(sock,http_resbonse.resbonse_body.c_str(),http_resbonse.resbonse_body.size(),0);
}
else {
sendfile(sock,http_resbonse.fd,nullptr,http_request.size);
close(http_resbonse.fd);
}
}
~EndPoint(){
close(sock);
}
};
2.5 CGI技术
int HandlerCgi(){
auto& bin = http_request.path;
auto& query_get = http_request.query;
auto& query_post = http_request.request_body;
int upfd[2],downfd[2];
if(pipe(upfd)<0 || pipe(downfd)<0){
LOG(ERROR,"PIPE ERROR");
return ERROR_SERVER;
}
pid_t pid = fork();
if(pid == 0){ //子进程导入环境变量
close(upfd[0]);
close(downfd[1]);
dup2(downfd[0],0);
dup2(upfd[1],1);
std::string method = "METHOD=";
method += http_request.method;
putenv((char*)method.c_str());
if(http_request.method == "GET"){
std::string query = "QUERY=";
query += query_get;
putenv((char*)query.c_str());
}
else if(http_request.method == "POST"){
int cl = http_request.content_length;
std::string content_length = "CONTENT_LENGTH=";
content_length += std::to_string(cl);
putenv((char*)content_length.c_str());
}
execl(bin.c_str(),bin.c_str(),nullptr);
exit(1);
}
else if(pid > 0){ //父进程写入数据 和 读取数据
close(upfd[1]);
close(downfd[0]);
std::string& method = http_request.method;
if(method == "POST"){
const char* query = query_post.c_str();
ssize_t total = 0,size = 0;
while(total < http_request.content_length && \
(size = write(downfd[1],query+total,http_request.content_length - total)) > 0){
total += size;
}
}
std::string& body = http_resbonse.resbonse_body;
char ch = 0;
while(read(upfd[0],&ch,1) > 0){
body.push_back(ch);
}
int status = 0;
int ret = waitpid(pid,&status,0);
if(ret == pid){
if(WIFEXITED(status) && !WEXITSTATUS(status)){
return OK;
}
else {
LOG(ERROR,"----------");
return ERROR_SERVER;
}
}
close(upfd[0]);
close(downfd[1]);
}
else{
LOG(ERROR,"Create SonProcess Unsucess");
return 404;
}
}
test_cgi
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <unistd.h>
bool GetQuery(std::string& query){
std::string method = getenv("METHOD");
if(method == "GET"){
query = getenv("QUERY");
}
else if(method == "POST"){
int content_length = atoi(getenv("CONTENT_LENGTH"));
char ch = 0;
while(content_length){
ssize_t s = read(0,&ch,1);
if(s>0){
content_length--;
query.push_back(ch);
}
else if(s == 0){
break;
}
else{
return false;
}
}
}
return true;
}
void CutQuery(std::string& tar,std::string& key,std::string& value,const std::string& sep){
size_t pos = tar.find(sep);
if(pos != std::string::npos){
key = tar.substr(0,pos);
value = tar.substr(pos+sep.size());
}
}
int main(){
std::string query;
GetQuery(query);
std::string str1,str2;
std::string name1,name2;
std::string value1,value2;
CutQuery(query,str1,str2,"&");
CutQuery(str1,name1,value1,"=");
CutQuery(str2,name2,value2,"=");
std::cout<<name1<<":"<<value1<<std::endl;
std::cout<<name2<<":"<<value2<<std::endl;
return 0;
}
2.5 线程池技术
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include "Task.hpp"
#include <pthread.h>
#include <queue>
#define NUM 10
class ThreadPool{
private:
int num;
std::queue<TASK> TaskQueue;
pthread_mutex_t lock;
pthread_cond_t cond;
ThreadPool(int _num = NUM):num(_num){
pthread_mutex_init(&lock,nullptr);
pthread_cond_init(&cond,nullptr);
}
ThreadPool(const ThreadPool& TP){}
~ThreadPool(){
pthread_mutex_destroy(&lock);
pthread_cond_destroy(&cond);
}
static ThreadPool* tp;
public:
static ThreadPool* GetInstance(int _num = NUM){
static pthread_mutex_t t = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
if(tp == nullptr){
pthread_mutex_lock(&t);
if(tp == nullptr){
tp = new ThreadPool(_num);
tp->InitThreadPool();
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(&t);
}
return tp;
}
static void* ThreadRoutine(void* arg){
ThreadPool* tp = (ThreadPool*)arg;
while(true){
TASK task;
tp->Lock();
while(tp->IsEmpty()){
tp->ThreadWait();
}
tp->PopTask(task);
tp->Unlock();
task.ProcessOn();
}
}
bool InitThreadPool(){
for(int i = 0; i< num;i++){
pthread_t tid;
if(0 != pthread_create(&tid,nullptr, ThreadRoutine,this)){
LOG(FATAL,"create pthread unsucess");
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
void Lock(){
pthread_mutex_lock(&lock);
}
void Unlock(){
pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock);
}
void ThreadWait(){
pthread_cond_wait(&cond,&lock);
}
void ThreadWakeup(){
pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
}
bool IsEmpty(){
return TaskQueue.size() == 0 ? true:false;
}
void PushTask(const TASK& task){
Lock();
TaskQueue.push(task);
Unlock();
ThreadWakeup();
//Routine函数中cond_wait用while循环判断主要是解锁和唤醒代码的顺序问题
//如果先解锁,那么就会有其他进程抢到锁开始执行后续,但不一定是等待进程在执行
//所以当后面唤醒等待进程时候,可能会发现任务队列仍然为空,但却继续往下执行,这不符合我们的逻辑
}
void PopTask(TASK& task){
task = TaskQueue.front();
TaskQueue.pop();
}
};
ThreadPool* ThreadPool::tp = nullptr;
3、项目总结
聚焦于处理HTTP的请求和构建对应响应; 我们主要研究基于 HTTP/1.0 短连接 的GET和POST方法;获得请求，分析请求，错误处理等; 制定特定的网页src用于返回; 引入简单的日志系统
搭建CGI机制;父子管道，设计dup2重定向，环境变量传参等
引入线程池;采用多线程技术，缓解内存开销.
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