快速学会对linux的磁盘管理

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1.使用fdisk对/dev/nvme0n1剩余空间进行分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda  #对sda进行分区 
Command (m for help): # 进入fdisk交互界面进行分区 
Command (m for help): n #输入n创建新分区 
Partition type 
    p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) #输入p创建主分区 
    e extended (container for logical partitions) #输入e创建扩展分区 
Select (default p): p #输入p创建主分区 
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #选择主分区号，输入1表示第一个主分区 
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048): #直接按回车从当前第2048个扇区开始 
分区
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): 
+300M #设置第一个分区为300M 
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 300 MiB. 
#一个主分区创建完成，大小为300M 

2.新添加一块儿磁盘使用gdisk，设置gpt分区表，新建分区

#gdisk创建新分区（默认GPT格式） 

Command (? for help): n #输入n创建新分区 
Partition number (1-128, default 1): #输入分区编号，默认为1，因为是/dev/sda硬盘的第 一块分区 

First sector (34-10485726, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: #输入扇区的开始位置，选择默认即可，也可手动指定 

Last sector (2048-10485726, default = 10485726) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +300M 
#输入扇区的结束位置，一般都是指定磁盘大小，这里输入+300M 表示新分区大小为300M 

Current type is 'Linux filesystem' 

Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): #默认即可，分区完成后可以修改

Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem' 
Command (? for help): p #输入p查看分区情况 
Disk /dev/sda: 10485760 sectors, 5.0 GiB 
Model: VMware Virtual S 
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/512 bytes 
Disk identifier (GUID): 61FA16FB-FAD8-4873-A857-BD387FE0A592 
Partition table holds up to 128 entries 
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33 
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 10485726 
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries 
Total free space is 9871293 sectors (4.7 GiB) 
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 
1 2048 616447 300.0 MiB 8300 Linux filesystem 

3.使用parted对新添加的磁盘添加分区(交互式)

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda #进入parted交互界面 
GNU Parted 3.2 
Using /dev/sda 
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. 

(parted) help                                                             
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt)
        alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on
        COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition
        table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table,
        available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular
        partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START
        and END
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected
        device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition
        NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and
        copyright information of GNU Parted

(parted) mklabel #创建一个分区表 
New disk label type? yes 
New disk label type? gpt #默认为msdos形式的分区，我们要正确分区大于2TB的磁盘，应该使用gpt方式的分区表，输入gpt后回车)

(parted) mkpart #进行分区操作 

Partition name? []? dp2 #输入分区名称 
File system type? [ext2]? #文件系统 （类型：ext4，ext3，ext2，xfs，其 他...... ） 

Start? 0 #开始位置 (0:设定当前分区的起始点为磁盘的第一个扇区;1G:设定当前分区的起始点为磁盘的1G处开始) 

End? 10G #结束位置（-1:设定当前分区的结束点为磁盘的最后一个扇区;10G:设定当前分区的结束点为磁盘的10G处） 

(parted) p #查看分区信息 

Model: ATA VMware Virtual S (scsi) 
Disk /dev/sda: 5369MB 
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B 
Partition Table: gpt 
Disk Flags: 

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 
1 17.4kB 10240MB 10240MB ext2 dp2 

(parted) quit #退出parted交互界面 
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab

4.使用parted对/dev/nvme0n1新增分区(命令式)

可将命令行写在脚本中，运行脚本实现一键创建；适用于远程批量管理多台主机的场景。

设置分区格式为gpt/mbr

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda mklabel gpt 
[root@kongd ~]# parted /dev/sda mklabel msdos

分区命令用法：parted 设备 mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END

PART-TYPE：分区类型，primary（主分区）、logical（逻辑分区）、extended（扩展分区）

FS-TYPE：可选项，文件系统类型，ext4、ext3、xfs等等

START：设定磁盘分区起始点；可以为0或者numberMiB/GiB/TiB

END：设定磁盘分区结束点；可以为-1或者numberMiB/GiB/TiB

#创建1G大小的分区 
[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sda mkpart primary 0 1G 
#删除分区 
[root@kongd ~]# parted /dev/sda rm 1

5.挑选任一分区，进行格式化挂载(临时挂载)
注意：如果已有其他文件系统创建在此分区，必须在 mkfs.xfs 命令中加上选项 -f 强行进行格式化

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda1 
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 
#查看格式化后的磁盘分区信息 
[root@localhost ~]# blkid 
/dev/sda1: UUID="350148b0-7975-4114-b91d-35ac1b211fd3" BLOCK_SIZE="512" 
TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="e272d830-5778-48cd-aba6-230271397716" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="acf864ef-1778-4bc4-8e5d-260adfe38b69" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" 
TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="71ca21ff-cd76-a946-9dc6-4a8dd1022e99"
#创建挂载点目录 
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /guazai/dir1 -p 
#查看格式化后的磁盘分区信息 
[root@localhost ~]# blkid 
/dev/sda1: UUID="350148b0-7975-4114-b91d-35ac1b211fd3" BLOCK_SIZE="512" 
TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="e272d830-5778-48cd-aba6-230271397716" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="acf864ef-1778-4bc4-8e5d-260adfe38b69" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" 
TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="71ca21ff-cd76-a946-9dc6-4a8dd1022e99" 
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda1 /guazai/dir1/ 或者[root@localhost ~]# mount 
-U 350148b0-7975-4114-b91d-35ac1b211fd3 /guazai/dir1/ 
#查看挂载信息 
[root@localhost ~]# mount | grep /dev/sda 
/dev/sda1 on /guazai/dir1 type xfs 
(rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)

6.挑选另一分区，进行格式化挂载(永久挂载)
注意：如果已有其他文件系统创建在此分区，必须在 mkfs.xfs 命令中加上选项 -f 强行进行格式化

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda1 
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 
#查看格式化后的磁盘分区信息 
[root@localhost ~]# blkid 
/dev/sda1: UUID="350148b0-7975-4114-b91d-35ac1b211fd3" BLOCK_SIZE="512" 
TYPE="xfs" PARTLABEL="primary" PARTUUID="e272d830-5778-48cd-aba6-230271397716" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="acf864ef-1778-4bc4-8e5d-260adfe38b69" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" 
TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="71ca21ff-cd76-a946-9dc6-4a8dd1022e99"
[root@kongd ~]# tail -3 /etc/fstab 
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0 
UUID=806badd7-5a3b-4549-bcc1-3a43b07b6bac /boot xfs 
defaults 0 0 
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0