一、AJAX发送POST请求:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
#result {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid #903;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
// 绑定元素对象
var result = document.getElementById('result');
// 绑定事件
result.addEventListener('mouseover', function() {
// console.log('test');
// 1.创建对象
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 2.初始化 设置类型与url
xhr.open('POST', 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/server');
// 设置请求头
xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
xhr.setRequestHeader('name', 'zzz');
// 3.发送
xhr.send('a=100&b=200%c=300');
// 4.事件绑定
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
// 判断
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
// 处理服务端返回的结果
result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
}
}
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
在server.js中写接口:
const { response } = require('express');
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
app.all('/server', (require, response) => {
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
response.send('HELLO AJAX');
});
app.listen(8000, () => {
console.log('服务器已启动');
})
二、服务端响应JSON数据:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
#result {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid #903;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
var result = document.getElementById('result');
// 绑定键盘按下事件
window.onkeydown = function() {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 自动数据转换
xhr.responseType = 'json';
xhr.open('GET', 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/json-server');
xhr.send();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
// console.log(xhr.response);
// result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
// 1.手动对数据转化
// let data = JSON.parse(xhr.response);
// console.log(data);
// result.innerHTML = data.name;
// 2.自动对数据进行转换
console.log(xhr.response);
result.innerHTML = xhr.response.name;
}
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
在server.js中写接口:
const { response } = require('express');
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
app.all('/json-server', (require, response) => {
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
const data = {
name: 'zzz'
};
let str = JSON.stringify(data);
response.send(str);
});
app.listen(8000, () => {
console.log('服务器已启动');
})
三、请求超时与网络异常问题
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
<style>
#result {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid #903;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<button>点击发送请求</button>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
const btn = document.getElementsByTagName('button')[0];
const result = document.querySelector('#result');
btn.addEventListener('click', function() {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
// 超时2s设置
xhr.timeout = 2000;
// 超时回调
xhr.ontimeout = function() {
alert('网络异常,请稍后再试');
}
// 网络异常回调
xhr.onerror = function() {
alert('无网络');
}
xhr.open('GET', 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay');
xhr.send();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
if (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300) {
result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
}
}
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
取消请求:
如果该请求已被发出,XMLHttpRequest.abort() 方法将终止该请求。
<button>点击发送</button>
<button>点击取消</button>
<script>
const btns = document.querySelectorAll('button');
let xhr = null;
btns[0].onclick = function() {
xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay');
xhr.send();
}
btns[1].onclick = function() {
xhr.abort();
}
</script>
在server.js中写接口:
const { response } = require('express');
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
app.get('/delay', (require, response) => {
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
setTimeout(() => {
response.send('延时响应');
}, 3000);
});
app.listen(8000, () => {
console.log('服务器已启动');
})
四、jQuery发送AJAX请求:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<script src="./node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
<!-- <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js"></script> -->
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h2 class="page-header">jQuery发送AJAX请求</h2>
<button class="btn btn-primary">GET</button>
<button class="btn btn-danger">POST</button>
<button class="btn btn-info">通用性方法AJAX</button>
</div>
<script>
$('button').eq(0).click(function() {
$.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-server', {
a: 100,
b: 200
}, function(data) {
console.log(data);
}, 'json');
})
$('button').eq(1).click(function() {
$.post('http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-server', {
a: 100,
b: 200
}, function(data) {
console.log(data);
}, 'json');
})
$('button').eq(2).click(function() {
$.ajax({
// url
url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/jquery-server',
// 参数
data: {
a: 100,
b: 200
},
// 请求类型
type: 'GET',
// 响应体的结果
dataType: 'json',
// 成功的回调
success: function(data) {
console.log(data);
},
// 超时时间
timeout: 2000,
// 失败的回调
error: function(data) {
console.log('出错啦');
},
// 头信息
headers: {
c: 300,
d: 400
},
})
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
在server.js中写接口:
const { response } = require('express');
const express = require('express');
const app = express();
app.all('/jquery-server', (require, response) => {
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
const data = { name: 'aaa' };
// response.send('HELLO jQuery AJAX');
response.send(JSON.stringify(data));
});
app.listen(8000, () => {
console.log('服务器已启动');
})