Spring集成web环境

3. Spring集成Junit

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3.3 Spring集成Junit步骤

①导入spring集成Junit的坐标②使用@Runwi th注解替换原来的运行期③使用@ContextConfiguration指定配置文件或配置类④使用@Autowi red注入需要测试的对象⑤创建测试方法进行测试

packagecom.jian.test;
​
importcom.jian.config.SpringConfiguration;
importcom.jian.service.UserService;
importorg.junit.Test;
importorg.junit.runner.RunWith;
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
importorg.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
importorg.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
​
importjavax.sql.DataSource;
importjava.sql.SQLException;
​
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
@ContextConfiguration(classes= {SpringConfiguration.class}) //全注解的方式即使用核心配置类来配置文件
publicclassSpringJunitTest {
​
    @Autowired
    privateUserServiceuserService;
​
    @Autowired
    privateDataSourcedataSource;
​
    @Test
    publicvoidtest1() throwsSQLException {
        userService.save();//调用sava方法
        System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection());
    }
}

1. Spring集成web环境

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1.1 ApplicationContext应用上下文获取方式

应用上下文对象是通过 new ClasspathXmIApplicationContext(spring配置文件)方式获取的，但是每次从容器中获得Bean时都要编写 new ClasspathXmIApplicationContext(spring配置文件)，这样的弊端是配置文件加载多次，应用上下文对象创建多次。
在Web项目中，可以使用 ServletContextListener监听Web应用的启动，我们可以在Web应用启动时，就加载Sprfnig的配置文件，创建应用上下文对象 ApplicationContext，在将其存储到最大的域 servletContext域中，这样就可以在任意位置从域中获得应用上下文 ApplicationContext对象了。

1.2 Spring提供获取应用上下文的工具

上面的分析不用手动实现，Spring提供了一个监听器 GentextLoaderListener就是对上述功能的封装，该监听内部加载Spring配置文件，创建应用上下文对象，并存储到 ServletContext域中，提供了一个客户端工具 WebApplicationContextUtils供使用者获得应用上下文对象。
所以我们需要做的只有两件事:
在 web.xml中配置 ContextLoaderListener监听器(导入spring-web坐标)
使用 WebApplicationContextUtils获得应用上下文对象 ApplicationContext

1.3 导入Spring集成web的坐标

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.23</version>
    </dependency>

1.4 配置ContextLoaderListener监听器

    <!--全局初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
​
    <!--Spring的监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

1.5 通过工具获取应用上下文对象

ApplicationContextaphplicationcontext=
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebapplicationcontext(servletContext);objectobj=applicationcontext.getBean ( "id" ) ;

1.5 知识要点

Spring集成web环境步骤
配置ContextLoaderListener监听器
使用WebApplicationContextUtils获得应用上下文

<dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.23</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.23</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.30</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
      <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>0.9.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.23</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.23</version>
    </dependency>




packagecom.jian.web;
​
importcom.jian.service.UserService;
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
​
importjavax.servlet.ServletContext;
importjavax.servlet.ServletException;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
importjava.io.IOException;
​
publicclassUserServletextendsHttpServlet {
​
    @Override
    protectedvoiddoGet(HttpServletRequestreq, HttpServletResponseresp) throwsServletException, IOException {
        //ApplicationContext app=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        ServletContextservletContext=this.getServletContext();
        //ApplicationContext app = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
        //ApplicationContext app=WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
       /* WebApplicationContext*/ApplicationContextapp=WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        UserServiceuserService=app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }
}




packagecom.jian.listener;
​
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
importorg.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
​
importjavax.servlet.ServletContext;
importjavax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
importjavax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
​
publicclassContextLoaderListenerimplementsServletContextListener {
​
​
    publicvoidcontextInitialized(ServletContextEventservletContextEvent) {
​
        ServletContextservletContext=servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
​
​
        //读取web.xml中的全局参数
        StringcontextConfigLocation=servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
​
        ApplicationContextapp=newClassPathXmlApplicationContext(contextConfigLocation);
        //将Spring的应用上下文对象储存到ServletContext域中
​
        servletContext.setAttribute("app",app);
        System.out.println("spring容器创建完毕。。。");
    }
​
    publicvoidcontextDestroyed(ServletContextEventservletContextEvent) {
​
    }
}




packagecom.jian.listener;
​
importorg.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
​
importjavax.servlet.ServletContext;
​
publicclassWebApplicationContextUtils {
    publicstaticApplicationContextgetWebApplicationContext(ServletContextservletContext){
        return (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
    }
}




<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--配置Dao-->
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.jian.dao.Impl.UserDaoImpl"/>

    <!--配置service-->
    <bean id="userService" class="com.jian.service.Impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>




<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--全局初始化参数-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!--Spring的监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.jian.web.UserServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>UserServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/userServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>




package com.jian.dao;

public interface UserDao {
    public void save();
}
package com.jian.dao.Impl;

import com.jian.dao.UserDao;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("save running...");
    }
}
package com.jian.service;

public interface UserService {
    public void save();
}




package com.jian.service.Impl;

import com.jian.dao.UserDao;
import com.jian.service.UserService;

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao){
        this.userDao=userDao;
    }

    public void save() {
        userDao.save();
    }
}