多态（小案例）

1.编写程序实现软料购买：编写程序，接收用户输入的信息，选择购买的饮料。可供选择的饮料有：咖啡、矿泉水和可乐。其中，购买咖啡时可以选择：加糖、加奶还是什么都不加。购买可乐时可以选择：买可口可乐还是百事可乐。

2.运行结果：

3.源码

public class Drink {
    private String name;
    private int volume;
    public Drink() {

    }
    public Drink(String name, int volume) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.volume = volume;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getVolume() {
        return volume;
    }
    public void setVolume(int volume) {
        this.volume = volume;
    }
    public void show(){
        System.out.println("您购买的饮料信息如下：");
        System.out.println("名称："+name);
        System.out.println("容量："+volume);
    }
}

public class Coffee extends Drink{
    private String mixture;

    public Coffee() {

    }
    public Coffee(String name,int volume, String mixture) {
        super(name,volume);
        this.mixture = mixture;
    }
    public String getMixture() {
        return mixture;
    }
    public void setMixture(String mixture) {
        this.mixture = mixture;
    }
    public void show(){
        System.out.println("您购买的饮料信息如下：");
        System.out.println("名称："+super.getName());
        System.out.println("添加配料："+this.getMixture());
        System.out.println("容量："+super.getVolume());
    }
}

public class Cola extends Drink {
    private String flavor;

    public Cola(String flavor, int volume) {
        super("可乐", volume);
        this.flavor = flavor;
    }

    public String getFlavor() {
        return flavor;
    }
}

public class Water extends Drink {
    public Water(String name, int volume) {
        super(name, volume);
    }

}

import java.util.Scanner;

public class DrinkMaker {


    public  Drink make() {
        Drink drink=null ;

        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请选择饮料（1、咖啡2、矿泉水3、可乐)");
        String choice=input.next();
        if ("1".equals(choice)) {
            System.out.println("请输入购买容量：");
            int volume = input.nextInt();
            System.out.println("请问是否要配料（1、加糖 2、加奶 3、什么也不加）");
            int index = input.nextInt();
            String mixture;
            switch (index) {
                case 1:
                    mixture = "加糖";
                    break;
                case 2:
                    mixture = "加奶";
                    break;
                default:
                    mixture = "什么都不加";
            }
            drink = new Coffee("咖啡", volume, mixture);
        } else if ("2".equals(choice)) {
            System.out.println("请输入购买容量：");
            int volume = input.nextInt();
            drink=new Water("矿泉水",volume);

        } else if ("3".equals(choice)) {
            System.out.println("请输入购买容量：");
            int volume = input.nextInt();
            System.out.println("请问是要可口可乐还是百事可乐");
            String ch =input.next();
            drink=new Cola(ch,volume);
        }
        return drink;
    }
}

测试类：

import java.util.Scanner;


public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        DrinkMaker drinkMaker = new DrinkMaker();
        Drink drink = drinkMaker.make();
        if (drink != null) {
            System.out.println("您购买的饮料是：" + drink.getName());
            if (drink instanceof Coffee) {
                System.out.println("配料：" + ((Coffee) drink).getMixture());
                System.out.println("容量："+((Coffee)drink).getVolume());
            } else if (drink instanceof Water) {
                System.out.println("容量："+((Water)drink).getVolume());
            } else if (drink instanceof Cola) {
                System.out.println("口味：" + ((Cola) drink).getFlavor());
            }
        }
    }