Linux下的UDP通信

server.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>

#define SERVER_PORT 9999

int server_udp()
{
    int i = 0;
    int num = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    int socket_fd = -1;
    int addr_len = 0;
    char buf[1024] = {0};
    int flag = 0;
    int epoll_fd = -1;
    struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
    struct epoll_event event;
    struct epoll_event events_array[10];

    epoll_fd = epoll_create(10);
    if (epoll_fd < 0) {
        printf("epoll_create failure:%s\n", strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }

    socket_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if (socket_fd < 0) {
        printf("%s: socket failed\n", __FUNCTION__);
        return 0;
    }

    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

    flag = fcntl(socket_fd, F_GETFL, 0);
    flag = flag | O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl(socket_fd, F_SETFL, flag);

    addr_len = sizeof(server_addr);
    ret = bind(socket_fd, (const struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, addr_len);
    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("%s: bind failed\n", __FUNCTION__);
        close(socket_fd);
        return 0;
    }

    event.events =  EPOLLIN;
    event.data.fd = socket_fd;
    ret = epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, socket_fd, &event);
    if(ret < 0) {
        printf("epoll_trl failure:%s\n", strerror(errno));
        close(epoll_fd);
        return -1;
    }

    while (1) {
        num = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events_array, 10, 10000);
        if(num < 0) {
            printf("epoll_wait failure:%s\n", strerror(errno));
            close(epoll_fd);
            break;
        } else if(num == 0) {
            printf("eopll_wait timeout!\n");
            continue;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            if(events_array[i].events == EPOLLIN) {
                ret = recvfrom(socket_fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0,
                        (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &addr_len);
                if (ret > 0) {
                    printf("recv len:%d, data:[%s] from %s:%d\n", ret, buf,
                            inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port));
                } else if (0 == ret) {
                    printf("ret:%d\n", ret);
                } else {
                    if (EAGAIN == errno) {
                        printf("ret:%d, errno:%d, %s\n", ret, errno, strerror(errno));
                    } else {
                        printf("ret:%d, errno:%d, %s\n", ret, errno, strerror(errno));
                        epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, events_array[i].data.fd, NULL);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    close(socket_fd);

    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    server_udp();

    return 0;
}

client.c

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define SERVER_IP "127.0.0.1"
#define SERVER_PORT 9999
#define CLIENT_IP "127.0.0.1"
#define CLIENT_PORT 10000

int client_udp(char *data)
{
    int ret = 0;
    int socket_fd = -1;
    int addr_len = 0;
    char buf[1024] = {0};
    struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
    struct sockaddr_in server_addr;

    socket_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if (socket_fd < 0) {
        printf("%s: socket failed\n", __FUNCTION__);
        return 0;
    }

    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(SERVER_IP);

    memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr));
    client_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    client_addr.sin_port = htons(CLIENT_PORT);
    client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(CLIENT_IP);
    addr_len = sizeof(client_addr);

    ret = bind(socket_fd, (const struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, addr_len);
    if (ret < 0) {
        printf("%s: bind failed\n", __FUNCTION__);
        close(socket_fd);
        return 0;
    }

    addr_len = sizeof(server_addr);
    ret = sendto(socket_fd, data, strlen(data), 0,
                     (struct sockaddr *)&server_addr, addr_len);
    if (ret > 0) {
        printf("send data: [%s] to %s:%d\n", data, inet_ntoa(server_addr.sin_addr),
                        ntohs(server_addr.sin_port));
    } else {
        printf("ret:%d\n", ret);
    }

    close(socket_fd);

    return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc < 2) {
        client_udp("hello world");
    } else {
        client_udp(argv[1]);
    }

    return 0;
}

测试

$ ./client 1
send data: [1] to 127.0.0.1:9999
$ ./client 2
send data: [2] to 127.0.0.1:9999
$ ./client 3
send data: [3] to 127.0.0.1:9999
$ ./client 
send data: [hello world] to 127.0.0.1:9999

$ ./server
recv len:1, data:[1] from 127.0.0.1:10000
recv len:1, data:[2] from 127.0.0.1:10000
recv len:1, data:[3] from 127.0.0.1:10000
recv len:11, data:[hello world] from 127.0.0.1:10000
eopll_wait timeout!

注意：实测终止./server以后再启动会显示连接失败，是端口端口被占用，没有被释放。添加下面的方法

// 信号处理函数，用于关闭套接字和释放端口
void handle_signal(int signum) {
    if (socket_fd != -1) {
        printf("Closing socket due to signal %d\n", signum);
        close(socket_fd);
    }
    if (epoll_fd != -1) {
        close(epoll_fd);
    }
    exit(0); // 正常退出程序
}

在 这一行前添加

socket_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);

如下： 

    signal(SIGINT, handle_signal);   // 捕捉 Ctrl + C
    signal(SIGTERM, handle_signal);  // 捕捉终止信号
    signal(SIGTSTP, handle_signal);  // 捕捉 Ctrl + Z

记得添加头文件

#include <signal.h>