i2c简介
I2C即Inter IC,由Philips公司开发,是当今电子设计中应用非常广泛的串行总线之一,主要用于电压、温度监控,EEPROM(电可擦可编程只读存储器)数据的读写,光模块的管理等。I2C总线只有两根线,SCL和SDA,SCL即Serial Clock,串行时钟,SDA即Serial Data,串行数据。
查看i2c代码
code 24cXX.c eeprog.c
24cXX.h
/*************************************************************************** copyright : (C) by 2003-2004 Stefano Barbato email : stefano@codesink.org $Id: 24cXX.h,v 1.6 2004/02/29 11:05:28 tat Exp $ ***************************************************************************/ /*************************************************************************** * * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * * (at your option) any later version. * * * ***************************************************************************/ #ifndef _24CXX_H_ #define _24CXX_H_ #include <linux/i2c-dev.h> #include <linux/i2c.h> #define EEPROM_TYPE_UNKNOWN 0 #define EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR 1 #define EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR 2 struct eeprom { char *dev; // device file i.e. /dev/i2c-N int addr; // i2c address int fd; // file descriptor int type; // eeprom type }; /* * opens the eeprom device at [dev_fqn] (i.e. /dev/i2c-N) whose address is * [addr] and set the eeprom_24c32 [e] */ int eeprom_open(char *dev_fqn, int addr, int type, struct eeprom*); /* * closees the eeprom device [e] */ int eeprom_close(struct eeprom *p_device_struct); /* * read and returns the eeprom byte at memory address [mem_addr] * Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address) */ int eeprom_read_byte(struct eeprom* p_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr); /* * read the current byte * Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address) */ int eeprom_read_current_byte(struct eeprom *p_device_struct); /* * writes [data] at memory address [mem_addr] * Note: eeprom must have been selected by ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,address) */ int eeprom_write_byte(struct eeprom *p_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data); #endif
24cXX.c
/*************************************************************************** copyright : (C) by 2003-2004 Stefano Barbato email : stefano@codesink.org $Id: 24cXX.h,v 1.6 2004/02/29 11:05:28 tat Exp $ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * * (at your option) any later version. * * * ***************************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <assert.h> #include <string.h> #include "24cXX.h" static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_access(int file, char read_write, __u8 command, int size, union i2c_smbus_data* data) { struct i2c_smbus_ioctl_data args; args.read_write = read_write; args.command = command; args.size = size; args.data = data; return ioctl(file, I2C_SMBUS, &args); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(int file, __u8 value) { return i2c_smbus_access(file, value, 0, I2C_SMBUS_QUICK, NULL); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(int file) { union i2c_smbus_data data; if (i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_READ, 0, I2C_SMBUS_BYTE, &data)) return -1; else return 0x0FF & data.byte; } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(int file, __u8 value) { return i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, value, I2C_SMBUS_BYTE, NULL); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(int file, __u8 command) { union i2c_smbus_data data; if (i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_READ, command, I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA, &data)) return -1; else return 0x0FF & data.byte; } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 value) { union i2c_smbus_data data; data.byte = value; return i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command, I2C_SMBUS_BYTE_DATA, &data); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(int file, __u8 command) { union i2c_smbus_data data; if (i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_READ, command, I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA, &data)) return -1; else return 0x0FFFF & data.word; } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value) { union i2c_smbus_data data; data.word = value; return i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command, I2C_SMBUS_WORD_DATA, &data); } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_process_call(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value) { union i2c_smbus_data data; data.word = value; if (i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command, I2C_SMBUS_PROC_CALL, &data)) return -1; else return 0x0FFFF & data.word; } /* Returns the number of read bytes */ static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8* values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int i; if (i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_READ, command, I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA, &data)) return -1; else { for (i = 1; i <= data.block[0]; i++) values[i - 1] = data.block[i]; return data.block[0]; } } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 length, __u8* values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int i; if (length > 32) length = 32; for (i = 1; i <= length; i++) data.block[i] = values[i - 1]; data.block[0] = length; return i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command, I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_DATA, &data); } /* Returns the number of read bytes */ static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_read_i2c_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8* values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int i; if (i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_READ, command, I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA, &data)) return -1; else { for (i = 1; i <= data.block[0]; i++) values[i - 1] = data.block[i]; return data.block[0]; } } static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_write_i2c_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 length, __u8* values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int i; if (length > 32) length = 32; for (i = 1; i <= length; i++) data.block[i] = values[i - 1]; data.block[0] = length; return i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command, I2C_SMBUS_I2C_BLOCK_DATA, &data); } /* Returns the number of read bytes */ static inline __s32 i2c_smbus_block_process_call(int file, __u8 command, __u8 length, __u8* values) { union i2c_smbus_data data; int i; if (length > 32) length = 32; for (i = 1; i <= length; i++) data.block[i] = values[i - 1]; data.block[0] = length; if (i2c_smbus_access(file, I2C_SMBUS_WRITE, command, I2C_SMBUS_BLOCK_PROC_CALL, &data)) return -1; else { for (i = 1; i <= data.block[0]; i++) values[i - 1] = data.block[i]; return data.block[0]; } } static int i2c_write_1b(struct eeprom* p_device_struct, __u8 buf) { int byte; // we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions byte = i2c_smbus_write_byte(p_device_struct->fd, buf); if (byte < 0) fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_1b: %s\n", strerror(errno)); usleep(10); return byte; } static int i2c_write_2b(struct eeprom* p_device_struct, __u8 buf[2]) { int byte; // we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions byte = i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(p_device_struct->fd, buf[0], buf[1]); if (byte < 0) fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_2b: %s\n", strerror(errno)); usleep(10); return byte; } static int i2c_write_3b(struct eeprom* p_device_struct, __u8 buf[3]) { int byte; // we must simulate a plain I2C byte write with SMBus functions // the __u16 data field will be byte swapped by the SMBus protocol byte = i2c_smbus_write_word_data(p_device_struct->fd, buf[0], buf[2] << 8 | buf[1]); if (byte < 0) fprintf(stderr, "Error i2c_write_3b: %s\n", strerror(errno)); usleep(10); return byte; } #define CHECK_I2C_FUNC( var, label ) \ do { if(0 == (var & label)) { \ fprintf(stderr, "\nError: " \ #label " function is required. Program halted.\n\n"); \ exit(1); } \ } while(0); int eeprom_open(char* dev_fqn, int addr, int type, struct eeprom* p_device_struct) { int funcs, fd, byte; p_device_struct->fd = p_device_struct->addr = 0; p_device_struct->dev = 0; fd = open(dev_fqn, O_RDWR); if (fd <= 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } // get funcs list if ((byte = ioctl(fd, I2C_FUNCS, &funcs) < 0)) { fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } // check for req funcs CHECK_I2C_FUNC(funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE); CHECK_I2C_FUNC(funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE); CHECK_I2C_FUNC(funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_BYTE_DATA); CHECK_I2C_FUNC(funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_BYTE_DATA); CHECK_I2C_FUNC(funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_READ_WORD_DATA); CHECK_I2C_FUNC(funcs, I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_WRITE_WORD_DATA); // set working device if ((byte = ioctl(fd, I2C_SLAVE, addr)) < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Error eeprom_open: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return -1; } p_device_struct->fd = fd; p_device_struct->addr = addr; p_device_struct->dev = dev_fqn; p_device_struct->type = type; return 0; } int eeprom_close(struct eeprom* p_device_struct) { close(p_device_struct->fd); p_device_struct->fd = -1; p_device_struct->dev = 0; p_device_struct->type = EEPROM_TYPE_UNKNOWN; return 0; } #if 0 int eeprom_24c32_write_byte(struct eeprom* p_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data) { __u8 buf[3] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x00ff, mem_addr & 0x00ff, data }; return i2c_write_3b(p_device_struct, buf); } int eeprom_24c32_read_current_byte(struct eeprom* p_device_struct) { ioctl(p_device_struct->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer return i2c_smbus_read_byte(p_device_struct->fd); } int eeprom_24c32_read_byte(struct eeprom* p_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr) { int byte; ioctl(p_device_struct->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer __u8 buf[2] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x0ff, mem_addr & 0x0ff }; byte = i2c_write_2b(p_device_struct, buf); if (byte < 0) return byte; byte = i2c_smbus_read_byte(p_device_struct->fd); return byte; } #endif int eeprom_read_current_byte(struct eeprom* p_device_struct) { ioctl(p_device_struct->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer return i2c_smbus_read_byte(p_device_struct->fd); } int eeprom_read_byte(struct eeprom* p_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr) { int byte; ioctl(p_device_struct->fd, BLKFLSBUF); // clear kernel read buffer if (p_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR) { __u8 buf = mem_addr & 0x0ff; byte = i2c_write_1b(p_device_struct, buf); } else if (p_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR) { __u8 buf[2] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x0ff, mem_addr & 0x0ff }; byte = i2c_write_2b(p_device_struct, buf); } else { fprintf(stderr, "ERR: unknown eeprom type\n"); return -1; } if (byte < 0) return byte; byte = i2c_smbus_read_byte(p_device_struct->fd); return byte; } int eeprom_write_byte(struct eeprom* p_device_struct, __u16 mem_addr, __u8 data) { if (p_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR) { __u8 buf[2] = { mem_addr & 0x00ff, data }; return i2c_write_2b(p_device_struct, buf); } else if (p_device_struct->type == EEPROM_TYPE_16BIT_ADDR) { __u8 buf[3] = { (mem_addr >> 8) & 0x00ff, mem_addr & 0x00ff, data }; return i2c_write_3b(p_device_struct, buf); } fprintf(stderr, "ERR: unknown eeprom type\n"); return -1; }
eeprog.c
/*************************************************************************** copyright : (C) by 2009 Guangzhou FriendlyaRM, in China email : capbily@163.com website : arm9.net ***************************************************************************/ #include <stdio.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <getopt.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include "24cXX.h" #define DEVICE_FILE_STRING "/dev/i2c-0" #define DEVICE_ADDRESS 0x50 #define usage_if(flag) do { do_usage_if( flag , __LINE__); } while(0); void do_usage_if(int error_code, int line) { const static char* eeprog_usage = "I2C-24C08(256 bytes) Read/Write Program, ONLY FOR TEST!\n" "FriendlyARM Computer Tech. 2009\n"; if (!error_code) return; fprintf(stderr, "%s\n[line %d]\n", eeprog_usage, line); exit(1); } #define die_if(flag, msg) do { do_die_if( flag , msg, __LINE__); } while(0); void do_die_if(int error_code, char* msg, int line) { if (!error_code) return; fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d: %s\n", line, msg); fprintf(stderr, " sysmsg: %s\n", strerror(errno)); exit(1); } static int read_from_eeprom(struct eeprom* e, int addr, int size) { int ch, i; for (i = 0; i < size; ++i, ++addr) { die_if((ch = eeprom_read_byte(e, addr)) < 0, "read error"); if ((i % 16) == 0) printf("\n %.4x| ", addr); else if ((i % 8) == 0) printf(" "); printf("%.2x ", ch); fflush(stdout); } fprintf(stderr, "\n\n"); return 0; } static int write_to_eeprom(struct eeprom* e, int addr) { int i; for (i = 0, addr = 0; i < 256; i++, addr++) { if ((i % 16) == 0) printf("\n %.4x| ", addr); else if ((i % 8) == 0) printf(" "); printf("%.2x ", i); fflush(stdout); die_if(eeprom_write_byte(e, addr, i), "write error"); } fprintf(stderr, "\n\n"); return 0; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { struct eeprom e; int op; op = 0; usage_if(argc != 2 || argv[1][0] != '-' || argv[1][2] != '\0'); op = argv[1][1]; //TODO: 将数字改为自己的学号。 write(STDOUT_FILENO, "APP for 201930310130 ...\n", strlen("APP for 201930310130 ...\n")); fprintf(stderr, "Open %s with 8bit mode\n", DEVICE_FILE_STRING); die_if(eeprom_open(DEVICE_FILE_STRING, DEVICE_ADDRESS, EEPROM_TYPE_8BIT_ADDR, &e) < 0, "unable to open eeprom device file " "(check that the file exists and that it's readable)"); switch (op) { case 'r': fprintf(stderr, " Reading 256 bytes from 0x0\n"); read_from_eeprom(&e, 0, 256); break; case 'w': fprintf(stderr, " Writing 0x00-0xff into 24C08 \n"); write_to_eeprom(&e, 0); break; default: usage_if(1); exit(1); } eeprom_close(&e); return 0; }
编译运行
makefile
make arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -c -o eeprog.o eeprog.c arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -c -o 24cXX.o 24cXX.c arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -Wall -O2 -o i2c eeprog.o 24cXX.o
注意:在运行时会有报错现象,解决方案如下 修改makefile文件如下
#!/bin/sh export ARCH=arm export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- export PATH=$PATH:/home/suliu/qemu/100ask_imx6ull-qemu/ToolChain/gcc-linaro-6.2.1-2016.11-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin #CC=gcc CC=${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc CFLAGS= -Wall -O2 OUTS=i2c O_OUTS=eeprog.o 24cXX.o i2c: ${O_OUTS} $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ %.o: %.c $(CC) -c -o $@ $^ clean: @rm -vf *.o *~ ${OUTS}
思考题
I2C总线的优点是什么?
(1)只使用两根电线
(2)支持多个主服务器和多个从服务器ACK / NACK位确认每个帧都已成功传输
(3)硬件没有UART那么复杂
(4)众所周知且广泛使用的协议
I2C总线的启动信号和结束信号有什么特点。
(1)启动条件:在SCL线路从高电平切换到低电平之前,SDA线路从高电平切换到低电平。 (2)停止条件:SCL线路从低电平切换到高电平后,SDA线路从低电平切换到高电平。
提高
运行修改后的Makefile(${CROSS_COMPILE}gcc)
mount nfs并在开发板上运行
mount -t nfs -o nolock,vers=4 10.0.2.2:srv/nfs4/www /root/mnt/