基于PaddleOCR的工件字符识别

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已于 2023-06-30 12:49:37 修改

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文章标签：深度学习机器学习计算机视觉 YOLO 人工智能

于 2023-06-29 13:18:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_63774211/article/details/131247154

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1.工业工件字符识别

在复杂的工业制造环境中，为了更好的追踪工件的工序情况，工厂会选择在工件表面印有工件编号，工人通过肉眼识别工件编号数字，手动录入数据库信息完成对工件的管理。这种方法不仅效率低下，且混乱的工业环境极易导致错误的产生。在工件数据管理方面，迫切需要智能化工具来管理数据，将信息录入实现自动化。

1.2 难点

工业场景的图像文字识别更加复杂，出现在很多不同的场合。例如医药品包装上的文字、各种钢制部件上的文字、容器表面的喷涂文字、商店标志上的个性文字等。在这样的图像中，字符部分可能出现在弯曲阵列、曲面异形、斜率分布、皱纹变形、不完整等各种形式中，并且与标准字符的特征大不相同，因此难以检测和识别图像字符。

1.3 基于深度学习的OCR技术

目前，基于深度学习的场景文字识别主要包括两种方法，第一种是分为文字检测和文字识别两个阶段；第二种则是通过端对端的模型一次性完成文字的检测和识别。

2.基于Paddleocr的字符识别

🌟 特性

支持多种OCR相关前沿算法，在此基础上打造产业级特色模型PP-OCR和PP-Structure，并打通数据生产、模型训练、压缩、预测部署全流程。

2.1 PP-OCRv3介绍

PP-OCRv3在PP-OCRv2的基础上，针对检测模型和识别模型，进行了共计9个方面的升级：

PP-OCRv3检测模型对PP-OCRv2中的CML协同互学习文本检测蒸馏策略进行了升级，分别针对教师模型和学生模型进行进一步效果优化。其中，在对教师模型优化时，提出了大感受野的PAN结构LK-PAN和引入了DML蒸馏策略；在对学生模型优化时，提出了残差注意力机制的FPN结构RSE-FPN。
PP-OCRv3的识别模块是基于文本识别算法SVTR优化。SVTR不再采用RNN结构，通过引入Transformers结构更加有效地挖掘文本行图像的上下文信息，从而提升文本识别能力。PP-OCRv3通过轻量级文本识别网络SVTR_LCNet、Attention损失指导CTC损失训练策略、挖掘文字上下文信息的数据增广策略TextConAug、TextRotNet自监督预训练模型、UDML联合互学习策略、UIM无标注数据挖掘方案，6个方面进行模型加速和效果提升。
PP-OCRv3系统pipeline如下：

3.本文工件字符识别数据集介绍

使用PPOCRLabel标记数据集

PPOCRLabel --lang ch

4.PaddleOCR工件字符

4.1 字符检测

选择轻量级检测网络configs\det\det_mv3_db.yml

det_mv3_db.yml参数介绍：

Global:
  use_gpu: true
  use_xpu: false
  use_mlu: false
  epoch_num: 200
  log_smooth_window: 20
  print_batch_step: 10
  save_model_dir: ./output/db_mv3/
  save_epoch_step: 1200
  # evaluation is run every 2000 iterations
  eval_batch_step: [0, 2000]
  cal_metric_during_train: False
  pretrained_model: ./pretrain_models/MobileNetV3_large_x0_5_pretrained
  checkpoints:
  save_inference_dir:
  use_visualdl: False
  infer_img: doc/imgs_en/img_10.jpg
  save_res_path: ./output/det_db/predicts_db.txt

Architecture:
  model_type: det
  algorithm: DB
  Transform:
  Backbone:
    name: MobileNetV3
    scale: 0.5
    model_name: large
  Neck:
    name: DBFPN
    out_channels: 256
  Head:
    name: DBHead
    k: 50

Loss:
  name: DBLoss
  balance_loss: true
  main_loss_type: DiceLoss
  alpha: 5
  beta: 10
  ohem_ratio: 3

Optimizer:
  name: Adam
  beta1: 0.9
  beta2: 0.999
  lr:
    learning_rate: 0.001
  regularizer:
    name: 'L2'
    factor: 0

PostProcess:
  name: DBPostProcess
  thresh: 0.3
  box_thresh: 0.6
  max_candidates: 1000
  unclip_ratio: 1.5

Metric:
  name: DetMetric
  main_indicator: hmean

Train:
  dataset:
    name: SimpleDataSet
    data_dir: ./dataset/
    label_file_list:
      - ./dataset/CapPic/Label.txt
    ratio_list: [1.0]
    transforms:
      - DecodeImage: # load image
          img_mode: BGR
          channel_first: False
      - DetLabelEncode: # Class handling label
      - IaaAugment:
          augmenter_args:
            - { 'type': Fliplr, 'args': { 'p': 0.5 } }
            - { 'type': Affine, 'args': { 'rotate': [-10, 10] } }
            - { 'type': Resize, 'args': { 'size': [0.5, 3] } }
      - EastRandomCropData:
          size: [640, 640]
          max_tries: 50
          keep_ratio: true
      - MakeBorderMap:
          shrink_ratio: 0.4
          thresh_min: 0.3
          thresh_max: 0.7
      - MakeShrinkMap:
          shrink_ratio: 0.4
          min_text_size: 8
      - NormalizeImage:
          scale: 1./255.
          mean: [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
          std: [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]
          order: 'hwc'
      - ToCHWImage:
      - KeepKeys:
          keep_keys: ['image', 'threshold_map', 'threshold_mask', 'shrink_map', 'shrink_mask'] # the order of the dataloader list
  loader:
    shuffle: True
    drop_last: False
    batch_size_per_card: 16
    num_workers: 0
    use_shared_memory: True

Eval:
  dataset:
    name: SimpleDataSet
    data_dir: ./dataset/
    label_file_list:
      - ./dataset/CapPic/Label_val.txt
    transforms:
      - DecodeImage: # load image
          img_mode: BGR
          channel_first: False
      - DetLabelEncode: # Class handling label
      - DetResizeForTest:
          image_shape: [736, 1280]
      - NormalizeImage:
          scale: 1./255.
          mean: [0.485, 0.456, 0.406]
          std: [0.229, 0.224, 0.225]
          order: 'hwc'
      - ToCHWImage:
      - KeepKeys:
          keep_keys: ['image', 'shape', 'polys', 'ignore_tags']
  loader:
    shuffle: False
    drop_last: False
    batch_size_per_card: 1 # must be 1
    num_workers: 0
    use_shared_memory: True

python tools/train.py -c configs/det/det_mv3_db.yml \
     -o Global.pretrained_model=./pretrain_models/MobileNetV3_large_x0_5_pretrained

指标评估

python3 tools/eval.py -c configs/det/det_mv3_db.yml -o Global.checkpoints="output/db_mv3/best_accuracy"

4.2 字符识别

python tools/train.py -c configs/rec/PP-OCRv3/en_PP-OCRv3_rec.yml \
     -o Global.pretrained_model=./pretrain_models/en_PP-OCRv3_rec_train/best_accuracy \
     Global.use_amp=True Global.scale_loss=1024.0 Global.use_dynamic_loss_scaling=True

en_PP-OCRv3_rec.yml超参数

Global:
  debug: false
  use_gpu: true
  epoch_num: 200
  log_smooth_window: 20
  print_batch_step: 10
  save_model_dir: ./output/v3_en_mobile
  save_epoch_step: 3
  eval_batch_step: [0, 2000]
  cal_metric_during_train: true
  pretrained_model:
  checkpoints:
  save_inference_dir:
  use_visualdl: false
  infer_img: doc/imgs_words/ch/word_1.jpg
  character_dict_path: dataset/ic15_dict.txt
  max_text_length: &max_text_length 25
  infer_mode: false
  use_space_char: true
  distributed: true
  save_res_path: ./output/rec/predicts_ppocrv3_en.txt


Optimizer:
  name: Adam
  beta1: 0.9
  beta2: 0.999
  lr:
    name: Cosine
    learning_rate: 0.001
    warmup_epoch: 5
  regularizer:
    name: L2
    factor: 3.0e-05


Architecture:
  model_type: rec
  algorithm: SVTR
  Transform:
  Backbone:
    name: MobileNetV1Enhance
    scale: 0.5
    last_conv_stride: [1, 2]
    last_pool_type: avg
  Head:
    name: MultiHead
    head_list:
      - CTCHead:
          Neck:
            name: svtr
            dims: 64
            depth: 2
            hidden_dims: 120
            use_guide: True
          Head:
            fc_decay: 0.00001
      - SARHead:
          enc_dim: 512
          max_text_length: *max_text_length

Loss:
  name: MultiLoss
  loss_config_list:
    - CTCLoss:
    - SARLoss:

PostProcess:  
  name: CTCLabelDecode

Metric:
  name: RecMetric
  main_indicator: acc
  ignore_space: False

Train:
  dataset:
    name: SimpleDataSet
    data_dir: ./dataset/CapPic/
    ext_op_transform_idx: 1
    label_file_list:
    - ./dataset/CapPic/rec_gt.txt
    transforms:
    - DecodeImage:
        img_mode: BGR
        channel_first: false
    - RecConAug:
        prob: 0.5
        ext_data_num: 2
        image_shape: [48, 320, 3]
        max_text_length: *max_text_length
    - RecAug:
    - MultiLabelEncode:
    - RecResizeImg:
        image_shape: [3, 48, 320]
    - KeepKeys:
        keep_keys:
        - image
        - label_ctc
        - label_sar
        - length
        - valid_ratio
  loader:
    shuffle: true
    batch_size_per_card: 64
    drop_last: true
    num_workers: 0
Eval:
  dataset:
    name: SimpleDataSet
    data_dir: ./dataset/CapPic/
    label_file_list:
    - ./dataset/CapPic/rec_gt_val.txt
    transforms:
    - DecodeImage:
        img_mode: BGR
        channel_first: false
    - MultiLabelEncode:
    - RecResizeImg:
        image_shape: [3, 48, 320]
    - KeepKeys:
        keep_keys:
        - image
        - label_ctc
        - label_sar
        - length
        - valid_ratio
  loader:
    shuffle: false
    drop_last: false
    batch_size_per_card: 32
    num_workers: 0