网络编程
一.概述
计算机网络
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的
无线电台
想要达到这样的效果需要怎么样
- 如何准确地定位网络上的一台主机 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx:端口
- 找到这个主机,如何传输数据?
javaWeb :网页编程 B/S架构
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
二.网络通信的两个要素
人工智能
通信双方的地址:
- IP
- 端口号
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP
小结
-
网络编程只有两个主要问题
- 如何准确地定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
-
网络编程中的要素
- IP 和端口号
- 网络通信协议 UCP、 TCP
-
万物皆对象
三.IP地址
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getCanonicalHostName());
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress1.getHostName());
}catch (UnknownHostException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
四.端口Port
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
-
不同的进程由不同的端口号!用来区分软件
-
被规定0-65535
-
TCP,UCP : 65535*2 tcp: 80,udp: 80吗,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
- 公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP: 80
- HTTP5: 443
- FTP: 21
- Telent: 23
- 公有端口 0~1023
-
程序注册端口: 1024~49151, 分配用户或者程序
-
Tomcat: 8080
-
MySQL: 3306
-
Oracle: 1521
-
动态、私有 : 49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的窗口 tasklist|findstr "86" #查看指定端口的进程 Ctrl + shift + ESC
-
public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080); System.out.println(socketAddress1); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName()); System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort()); } }
五.通信协议
TCP udp对比
TCP: 打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手,四次挥手
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A: 你瞅啥? B: 瞅你咋地? A: 干一场! A: 我要走了! B: 我真的要走了吗? B: 你真的真的要走了吗? A: 我的真的要走了!
-
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP: 发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
六.TCP实现聊天
客户端
-
连接服务器Socket
-
发送消息
package com.Internet.Day1; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ Socket socket = null; OutputStream os = null; //要知道服务器地址 try { InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); int port = 9999; //2.创建连接 socket = new Socket(serverIp,port); //3.发生消息 IO流 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if (os != null) { os.close(); } if (socket != null) { socket.close(); } } } }
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的链接 accept
- 接受用户的消息
package com.Internet.Day1;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务器
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接
while (true){
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(baos!=null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}if(is!=null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}if(socket!=null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}if(serverSocket!=null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
七.TCP文件上传实现
客户端
package com.Internet.Day2;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TopClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("a.jpg"));
//写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//确定服务器要接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
八.服务端
package com.Internet.Day2;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TopServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args ) throws Exception {
//创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//监听客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//文件输出
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//关闭资源
fileOutputStream.close();
socket.close();
is.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
九.初识Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tocmat服务器 S :JAVA后端开发
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
十.UDP
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址
客户端
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//建个包
String message ="你好,服务器";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port =9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(message.getBytes(),0,message.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//发送包
socket.send(packet);
//关闭
socket.close();
}
}
服务器
//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServiceDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//关闭窗口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData()));
//关闭
socket.close();
}
}
十一.UDP聊天实现
循环发送消息
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据: 控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
//准备接收包裹
while (true){
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String datas = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(datas);
if(datas.equals("bye")){
break;
}
socket.receive(packet);
}
socket.close();
}
}
十二.UDP多线程在线咨询
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try{
socket = new DatagramSocket(toPort);
//准备数据: 控制台读取 System.in
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
//===============================================
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
@Override
public void run() {
//准备接收包裹
while (true){
try {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String datas = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + datas);
if (datas.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
//=============================================
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
十三.URL下载网络资源
统一资源定位符: 定位资源,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析
协议 ://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=xiaoqi&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件地址
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件全路径
}
}
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20220714170619/1c437f7490981717cb841255bf0570b2/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/14096413775/e793/0a67/68fa/8d962791c879c032b7f441882dd8158c.m4a");
HttpURLConnection urlConnection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("美人鱼.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fileOutputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fileOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}