多线程详解

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已于 2024-09-25 09:31:01 修改

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分类专栏：笔记文章标签： java 开发语言

于 2024-09-10 17:23:52 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_63783672/article/details/142104340

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多线程

线程、进程(Process)、多线程(Thread)

程序>进程>线程

进程是程序执行的过程，是系统分配的，里面有多个线程,真正执行的是线程，main是主线程。

1.龟兔赛跑

首先来个赛道距离，然后离终点越来越近
判断比赛是否结束
打印出胜利者
龟兔赛跑开始
故事中是乌龟赢的，兔子需要睡觉，所以我们来模拟兔子睡觉
终于，乌龟赢得了比赛

//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{

    //胜利者
    private static String winner;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
            //模拟兔子休息
            if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&&(i%10==0)){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag =gameOver(i);
            //如果比赛结束了，就停止程序
            if(flag){
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->跑了"+i+"步");
        }
    }
    //判断是否完成比赛
    private boolean gameOver(int steps){
        if(winner!=null){//已经存在胜利者了
            return true;
        }{
            if(steps==100){
                winner=Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is "+ winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();
        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

2.实现Callable接口(了解)

/*
callable的好处:
1.可以定义返回值
2.可以抛出异常
 */
//线程创建方式三：实现callable接口
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
    private String url;
    private String name;
    public TestCallable(String url,String name){

        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;

    }
    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public Boolean call() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载了文件"+name);
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190306210317183.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzAxMDI2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70","b.jpg");
        TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190306210317183.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzAxMDI2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70","c.jpg");
        TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20190306210317183.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQwMzAxMDI2,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70","d.jpg");

        //创建执行服务
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

        //提交执行
        Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
        Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
        Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);

        //获取结果
        boolean rs1 = r1.get();
        boolean rs2 = r2.get();
        boolean rs3 = r3.get();

        System.out.println(rs1);
        System.out.println(rs2);
        System.out.println(rs3);
        //关闭服务
        ser.shutdown();
    }
}

3.静态代理模式

/*
静态代理模式总结
真实对象和代理对象要实现同一个接口
代理对象要代理真实角色，
 */
//好处：
//   代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
//   真实对象就专注做自己的事情
public class StaticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You());
        weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
    }
}
interface Marry{
    //人间四大喜事
    void  HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色，你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("结婚");
    }
}
//代理角色
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
    //真实目标角色
    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();//这就是真实对象
        after();

    }
    private void before(){
        System.out.println("结婚之前");
    }
    private void after(){
        System.out.println("结婚之后");
    }
}

4.Lamda表达式

public class TestLambda2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //lambda表示简化
        Ilove love =(int a)->{
            System.out.println("i love you-->"+a);
        };
        //简化1：去掉参数类型
        love = (a)->{
            System.out.println("i love you-->"+a);
        };
        //简化2：简化括号
        love = a->{
            System.out.println("i love you-->"+a);
        };
        //简化3：去掉花括号
        love = a -> System.out.println("i love you-->"+a);
        love.love(2);

        //总结：
            //lambda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化成为一行，如果有多行，那么就用代码包裹
            //前提是接口为函数式接口，只能有一个方法
        //多个参数，也可以去掉参数类型。要去掉就都去掉，必须加上括号。
    }
}
interface Ilove{
    void love(int a);
}

5.线程停止

线程停止

public class TestStop implements Runnable{
    //设置一个标志位
    private boolean flag =true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i=0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run.....Thread"+i++);
        }
    }
    //设置一个公开的方法停止线程
    public void stop(){
        this.flag =false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
        new Thread(testStop).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if(i==900){
                //调用stop方法切换标志位，让线程停止
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程停止了");
            }
        }
    }
}

6.线程休眠（sleep）

模拟延迟

//模拟网络延时：放大问题的发生性
public class TestSleep implements Runnable{
    //票数
    private int ticketNums =10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(ticketNums<=0){
                break;
            }
            //模拟延时
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"票");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestSleep ticket = new TestSleep();
        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
    }

}

模拟倒计时

//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //模拟倒计时
        tenDown();
        //打印当前系统时间
        Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
        while (true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
                startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前时间
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
    }
    public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int num =10;
        while (true){
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println(num--);
            if(num<=0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

7.线程礼让(yield)

//测试礼让线程
//礼让不一定成功，看CPU心情
public class TestYield {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }

}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
        Thread.yield();//礼让
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");

    }
}

8.线程强制执行(join)

//测试join方法：想象为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程VIP来了"+i);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        //启动我们的线程
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();

        //主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if(i==200){
                thread.join();//插队
            }
            System.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }

}

9.观测线程状态

//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("//");
        });
        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//NEW

        //观察启动后
        thread.start();//启动线程
        state=thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//Run

        while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止，就一直输出状态
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();
            System.out.println(state);
        }
    }
}

10.线程的优先级

先设置优先级，再启动

//测试线程的优先级
public class TestPriority {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程的默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
        //先设置优先级，再启动
        t1.start();
        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();
        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();
        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//10
        t4.start();
       
    }

}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

    }
}

11.守护线程(daemon)

//测试守护线程
//上帝守护你
public class TestDaemon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        You you = new You();
        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示的是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程...

        thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动
        new Thread(you).start();//你，用户线程启动
    }
}

//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝保佑你");
        }
    }
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
        }
        System.out.println("=========goodebye,World!");
    }
}