【项目】教你手把手完成博客系统(一) 实现思路 | 准备工作 | 封装操作 | 创建实体类

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教你手把手完成博客系统(一)

源码链接在文末~

• 由四个页面构成

  1.博客列表页：显示出当前网站上有哪些博客

  2.博客详情页：点击列表的某个博客，就能进入对应的详情页，显示出博客的具体内容

  3.博客编辑页：用户输入博客内容，发送到服务器

  4.登录页：进行博客系统的登录。

通时，引入第三方库 editor.md 来实现makedown编辑功能

1.实现思路

1.实现博客列表页

让页面从服务器（数据库）拿到博客的数据

2.实现博客详情页

点击博客详情的时候，可以从服务器拿到博客的完整数据

3.实现登录功能

4.实现强制登录

当在未登录时，点击其他页面，都会跳转到登录页面。登录完成后才能使用

5.实现显示用户信息

从服务器获取。在列表页左侧拿到的是当前登录用户的信息。在博客详情页，拿到的是文章作者的信息

6.实现退出登录

7.发布博客

在博客编辑页，输入内容后，点击发布。将数据上传到服务器上并保存。

2.准备工作

1.创建项目

引入依赖，并导入前端页面

创建一个Maven项目

引入依赖

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.15.0</version>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

创建目录webapp和其下的 WEB-INF。创建web.xml文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
</web-app>

导入前端页面

会贴到最后

启动Tomcat显示成功

2.设计数据库

设计对应的表结构，把数据库相关代码进行封装

1.找到实体

博客（blog表）

用户（user表）

2.确认实体之间的关系

一对多

一个博客只能属于一个用户

一个用户可以发布多个博客

在博客表中引入userId这个属性

blog(blogId,title,content,postTime,userId)

user(userId,username,password)

在Main目录下创建db.xml文件

create database if not exists blog_system charset utf8;
-- 创建数据库
use blog_system;

drop table if exists blog;
drop table if exists user;

create table blog(
    blogId int primary key auto_increment,
    title varchar(1024),
    content varchar(4096),
    postTime datetime,
    userId int
);

create table user(
  userId int primary key auto_increment,
  username varchar(50) unique,
  password varchar(50)
);
-- 插入一些测试数据，方便后续进行测试
insert into blog values (1,'这是第一篇博客','#从今天开始我要开始写博客',now(),1);
insert into blog values (2,'这是第二篇博客','#从明天开始我要开始写博客',now(),1);
insert into blog values (3,'这是第三篇博客','#从后天开始我要开始写博客',now(),1);

insert into user values (1,'zhangsan',123);
insert into user values (2,'lisi',123);


mysql> desc blog;
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| blogId   | int(11)       | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| title    | varchar(1024) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| content  | varchar(4096) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| postTime | datetime      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| userId   | int(11)       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> desc user;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field    | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| userId   | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| username | varchar(50) | YES  | UNI | NULL    |                |
| password | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

3.封装数据库操作的代码

创建一个包，model。专门用来存储数据库相关的操作

model模型

MVC结构是网站开发中的常用结构

M model:存放操作数据的代码

V view :存放操作/构造界面的代码

C controller :存放业务逻辑，处理前端请求

封装数据库建立连接的操作，使用单例模式表示dataSource

DBUtil类

• 完成对数据库建立连接和关闭连接的实现

package model;

import com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource;
import com.sun.corba.se.pept.transport.ConnectionCache;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;


/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: Lenovo
 * Author: Weng-Jiaming
 * Date: 2024-05-20
 * Time: 21:07
 */

//封装数据库建立连接的操作
public class DBUtil {
    //单例模式
    private volatile static DataSource dataSource = null;

    private static DataSource getDataSource(){
        if (dataSource==null){
            synchronized(DBUtil.class){
                if (dataSource==null){
                    dataSource = new MysqlDataSource();
                    ((MysqlDataSource)dataSource).setUrl("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/blog_system?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false");
                    ((MysqlDataSource)dataSource).setUser("root");
                    ((MysqlDataSource)dataSource).setPassword("密码");
                }
            }
        }
        return dataSource;
    }

    /**
     * 建立连接诶
     * @return
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return getDataSource().getConnection();
    }

    /**
     * 释放资源
     * @param connection
     * @param statement
     * @param resultSet
     * @throws SQLException
     */
    public static void close(Connection connection, PreparedStatement statement, ResultSet resultSet) {
        if (resultSet!=null){
            //确保非空的情况下，才执行关闭操作
            try {
                resultSet.close();
                //对每个close单独try-catch,前面抛的异常就不会干扰后面代码的执行。
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if (statement!=null){
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        if (connection!=null){
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }

    }
}

4.创建实体类

每个表都需要一个专门的类来表示，表里的每一条数据，就会对应这个类中的一个对象。

把数据库中的数据和代码联系起来

博客实体类

package model;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: Lenovo
 * Author: Weng-Jiaming
 * Date: 2024-05-20
 * Time: 21:34
 */

import java.sql.Timestamp;

/**
 * Blog对象对应到blog表中的一条记录
 * 表里有哪些列，类里就有多少属性
 */
public class Blog {
    private int blogId;
    private String title;
    private String content;
    private Timestamp postTime;
    private int userId;

    //生成getter/setter方法

    public int getBlogId() {
        return blogId;
    }

    public void setBlogId(int blogId) {
        this.blogId = blogId;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }

    public Timestamp getPostTime() {
        return postTime;
    }

    public void setPostTime(Timestamp postTime) {
        this.postTime = postTime;
    }

    public int getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(int userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Blog{" +
                "blogId=" + blogId +
                ", title='" + title + '\'' +
                ", content='" + content + '\'' +
                ", postTime=" + postTime +
                ", userId=" + userId +
                '}';
    }
}

用户实体类

package model;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: Lenovo
 * Author: Weng-Jiaming
 * Date: 2024-05-20
 * Time: 21:36
 */

/**
 * 用户实体类
 * 一个User对象对应一个user用户表的一条记录
 */
public class User {
    private int userId;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public int getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(int userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "userId=" + userId +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

5.封装对两个表的操作

创建两个类BlogDao和UserDao，来完成针对博客表和用户表的增删改查操作。

Dao :Data Access Object 数据访问对象

package model;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: Lenovo
 * Author: Weng-Jiaming
 * Date: 2024-05-20
 * Time: 21:52
 */

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 通过BlogDao完成针对blog表的操作
 */
public class BlogDao {
    //1.新增操作（提交博客时，存进表中）
    public void insert(Blog blog) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        try {
            //1.建立连接诶
            connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
            //2.构造SQL
            String sql = "insert into blog values(null,?,?,now(),?)";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setString(1, blog.getTitle());
            statement.setString(2, blog.getContent());
            statement.setInt(3, blog.getUserId());
            //3.执行SQL
            statement.executeUpdate();

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            //5.回收资源
            DBUtil.close(connection, statement, null);
        }
    }

    //2.查询博客列表（博客列表页）
    //把数据库中所有的博客都拿到
    public List<Blog> getBlogs() {
        List<Blog> blogList = new ArrayList<>();
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;

        try {
            connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
            String sql = "select * from blog";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
            while (resultSet.next()) {
                Blog blog = new Blog();
                blog.setBlogId(resultSet.getInt("blogId"));
                blog.setTitle(resultSet.getString("title"));
                String content = resultSet.getString("content");
                //在列表页显示的正文只需要显示一小部分
                //需要对content进行截取
                if (content.length() > 100) {
                    content = content.substring(0, 100) + "...";
                }
                blog.setContent(content);
                blog.setPostTime(resultSet.getTimestamp("postTime"));
                blog.setUserId(resultSet.getInt("userId"));
                blogList.add(blog);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            DBUtil.close(connection, statement, resultSet);
        }
        return blogList;
    }

    //3.根据博客id查询指定的博客
    public Blog getBlog(int blogId) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;

        try {
            connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
            String sql = "select * from blog where blogId = ?";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setInt(1, blogId);
             resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
             //拿着blogId进行查询，blogId是主键，是唯一的，
            // 查询结果非0即1，不需要while进行遍历
             if (resultSet.next()){
                 Blog blog = new Blog();
                 blog.setBlogId(resultSet.getInt("blogId"));
                 blog.setTitle(resultSet.getString("title"));
                 blog.setContent(resultSet.getString("content"));
                 blog.setPostTime(resultSet.getTimestamp("postTime"));
                 blog.setUserId(resultSet.getInt("userId"));
                 return blog;
             }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally {
            DBUtil.close(connection,statement,resultSet);
        }
        return null;
    }

    //4.根据博客Id删除博客
    public void delete(int blogId) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;

        try {
            connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
            String sql = "delete from blog where blogId = ? ";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setInt(1,blogId);
            statement.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally {
            DBUtil.close(connection,statement,null);

        }
    }
}

package model;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * Description:
 * User: Lenovo
 * Author: Weng-Jiaming
 * Date: 2024-05-20
 * Time: 21:52
 */

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * 通过UserDao完成针对user表的操作
 */
public class UserDao {
    //暂时不需要新增，不需要实现“注册用户”
    //暂时不需要删除，不需要实现“注销用户”

    //1.根据userId来查到对应的用户信息(获取用户信息)
    public User getUserById(int userId) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            //1，建立连接诶
            connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
            //2.构造SQL
            String sql = "select * from user where userId = ?";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setInt(1, userId);
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
            if (resultSet.next()){
                User user = new User();
                user.setUserId(resultSet.getInt("userId"));
                user.setUsername(resultSet.getString("username"));
                user.setPassword(resultSet.getString("password"));
                return user;
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally {
            DBUtil.close(connection,statement,resultSet);
        }
        return null;
    }

    //2.根据username 来查到对应的用户信息(登录)
    public User getUserByName(String username) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        try {
            //1，建立连接诶
            connection = DBUtil.getConnection();
            //2.构造SQL
            String sql = "select * from user where username = ?";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            statement.setString(1, username);
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
            if (resultSet.next()){
                User user = new User();
                user.setUserId(resultSet.getInt("userId"));
                user.setUsername(resultSet.getString("username"));
                user.setPassword(resultSet.getString("password"));
                return user;
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally {
            DBUtil.close(connection,statement,resultSet);
        }
        return null;
    }
}

JDBC代码大同小异，因此会有一些数据库的框架来进一步的封装。MyBatis、MyBatisPlus、JPA等等

查看源代码，请点击：博客系统完整代码

点击移步博客主页，欢迎光临~