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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： java

于 2022-09-18 19:52:16 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_64095482/article/details/126922159

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11.Filter过滤器(重点)

比如 Shiro安全框架技术就是用Filter来实现的

Filter：过滤器，用来过滤网站的数据；

处理中文乱码
登录验证….

（比如用来过滤网上骂人的话，我***我自己 0-0）

Filter开发步骤：

导包
编写过滤器
1. 导包不要错 （注意）

实现Filter接口，重写对应的方法即可

package filter;

import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CharacterEncodingFilter  implements Filter {

    //初始化：web服务器启动，就以及初始化了，随时等待过滤对象出现！
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter初始化");
    }

    //Chain : 链
          /*
          1. 过滤器中的所有代码，在过滤特定请求的时候都会执行
          2. 必须要让过滤器继续通行
              chain.doFilter(request,response);//转交(死代码)
           */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行前....");
        chain.doFilter(request,response); //让我们的请求继续走，如果不写，程序到这里就被拦截停止！
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter执行后....");
    }

    //销毁：web服务器关闭的时候，过滤器会销毁
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("CharacterEncodingFilter销毁");
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="true">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlet.ShowServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet/show</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/show</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <!--只要是 /servlet的任何请求，会经过这个过滤器-->
        <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
        <!--<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>-->
        <!-- 别偷懒写个 /* -->
    </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

12.监听器

实现一个监听器的接口；（有n种监听器）

1.编写一个监听器

实现监听器的接口…

依赖的jar包

OnlineCountListener.java

//统计网站在线人数 ： 统计session
public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener {

    //创建session监听： 看你的一举一动
    //一旦创建Session就会触发一次这个事件！
    public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        ServletContext ctx = se.getSession().getServletContext();

        System.out.println(se.getSession().getId());

        Integer onlineCount = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("OnlineCount");

        if (onlineCount==null){
            onlineCount = new Integer(1);
        }else {
            int count = onlineCount.intValue();
            onlineCount = new Integer(count+1);
        }

        ctx.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);

    }

    //销毁session监听
    //一旦销毁Session就会触发一次这个事件！
    public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
        ServletContext ctx = se.getSession().getServletContext();

        Integer onlineCount = (Integer) ctx.getAttribute("OnlineCount");

        if (onlineCount==null){
            onlineCount = new Integer(0);
        }else {
            int count = onlineCount.intValue();
            onlineCount = new Integer(count-1);
        }

        ctx.setAttribute("OnlineCount",onlineCount);

    }


    /*
    Session销毁：
    1. 手动销毁  getSession().invalidate();
    2. 自动销毁
     */
}

2.web.xml中注册监听器

    <!--注册监听器-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>listener.OnlineCountListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

3.看情况使用

13.过滤器和监听器的常见应用

监听器：GUI编程中经常使用；

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("中秋节快乐");  //新建一个窗体
        Panel panel = new Panel(null); //面板
        frame.setLayout(null); //设置窗体的布局

        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);//设置坐标以及宽高
        frame.setBackground(new Color(0,0,255)); //设置背景颜色

        panel.setBounds(50,50,300,300);//设置坐标以及宽高
        panel.setBackground(new Color(0,255,0)); //设置背景颜色

        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);//设置可见性

        //监听事件，监听关闭事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {//new WindowAdapter()适配器模式
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                super.windowClosing(e);
            }
        });
/*        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowListener() {
            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("打开");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("关闭ing");
                System.exit(0);
            }

            @Override
            public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("关闭ed");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {

            }

            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("激活");
            }

            @Override
            public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("未激活");
            }
        });*/

    }
}

用户登录之后才能进入主页！用户注销后就不能进入主页了！

用户登录之后，向Sesison中放入用户的数据
进入主页的时候要判断用户是否已经登录；要求：在过滤器中实现！

Login.jsp(登录页)

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登陆</h1>
<form action="/servlet/login" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

LoginServlet.java(获取前端请求参数)

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    //获取前端请求的参数
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        if (username.equals("admin")){//登陆成功
            req.getSession().setAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION,req.getSession().getId());
            resp.sendRedirect("/sys/success.jsp");
        }else {//登陆失败
            resp.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

success.jsp(主页以及注销功能)

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--<%--%>
<%--    Object user_session = request.getSession().getAttribute("USER_SESSION");--%>
<%--    if (user_session==null){--%>
<%--        response.sendRedirect("/Login.jsp");--%>
<%--    }--%>
<%--%>--%>
<h1>主页</h1>
<p><a href="/servlet/logout">注销</a></p>
</body>
</html>

error.jsp(错误页以及返回登录页)

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>错误</h1>
<h3>没有权限，用户名错误</h3>
<a href="/Login.jsp">返回登录页面</a>
</body>
</html>

Constant.java(用户输入的信息)

package util;

public class Constant {
    public final static String USER_SESSION="USER_SESSION";
}

SysFilter.java(过滤器)

public class SysFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    }
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        /*
        if (req.getSession().setAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION.level==VIP1)){
            response.sendRedirect("/vip/index.jsp");
        }
         */
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
        if (request.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION)==null){
            response.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
    }
}

LogoutServlet.java(用于注销请求)

public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Object user_session = req.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);
        if (user_session!=null){
            req.getSession().removeAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION);
            resp.sendRedirect("/Login.jsp");
        }else {
            resp.sendRedirect("/Login.jsp");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

web.xml

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <filter>
        <filter-name>SyFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>filter.SysFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>SyFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/sys/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlet.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet/logout</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

14.JDBC复习

什么是JDBC ： Java连接数据库！

需要jar包的支持：

java.sql
javax.sql
mysql-conneter-java… 连接驱动（必须要导入）

实验环境搭建

CREATE TABLE users(
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    `name` VARCHAR(40),
    `password` VARCHAR(40),
    email VARCHAR(60),
    birthday DATE
);

INSERT INTO users(id,`name`,`password`,email,birthday)
VALUES(1,'张三','123456','zs@qq.com','2000-01-01');
INSERT INTO users(id,`name`,`password`,email,birthday)
VALUES(2,'李四','123456','ls@qq.com','2000-01-01');
INSERT INTO users(id,`name`,`password`,email,birthday)
VALUES(3,'王五','123456','ww@qq.com','2000-01-01');

SELECT	* FROM users;

导入数据库依赖

    <!--mysql的驱动-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.48</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

IDEA中连接数据库：

JDBC 固定步骤：

加载驱动
连接数据库,代表数据库
向数据库发送SQL的对象Statement : CRUD
编写SQL （根据业务，不同的SQL）
执行SQL
关闭连接（先开的后关）

public class TestJdbc {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //配置信息
        //useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
        String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "000000";

        //1.加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2.连接数据库,代表数据库
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);

        //3.向数据库发送SQL的对象Statement,PreparedStatement : CRUD
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

        //4.编写SQL
        String sql = "select * from users";

        //5.执行查询SQL，返回一个 ResultSet  ： 结果集
        ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);

        while (rs.next()){
            System.out.println("id="+rs.getObject("id"));
            System.out.println("name="+rs.getObject("name"));
            System.out.println("password="+rs.getObject("password"));
            System.out.println("email="+rs.getObject("email"));
            System.out.println("birthday="+rs.getObject("birthday"));
        }

        //6.关闭连接，释放资源（一定要做） 先开后关
        rs.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

预编译SQL

public class TestJDBC2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //配置信息
        //useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
        String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "000000";

        //1.加载驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2.连接数据库,代表数据库
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);

        //3.编写SQL
        String sql = "insert into  users(id, name, password, email, birthday) values (?,?,?,?,?);";

        //4.预编译
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);

        preparedStatement.setInt(1,5);//给第一个占位符？ 的值赋值为1；
        preparedStatement.setString(2,"狂神说Java");//给第二个占位符？ 的值赋值为狂神说Java；
        preparedStatement.setString(3,"123456");//给第三个占位符？ 的值赋值为123456；
        preparedStatement.setString(4,"24736743@qq.com");//给第四个占位符？ 的值赋值为1；
        preparedStatement.setDate(5,new Date(new java.util.Date().getTime()));//给第五个占位符？ 的值赋值为new Date(new java.util.Date().getTime())；

        //5.执行SQL
        int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();

        if (i>0){
            System.out.println("插入成功@");
        }

        //6.关闭连接，释放资源（一定要做） 先开后关
        preparedStatement.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

事务

要么都成功，要么都失败！

ACID原则：保证数据的安全。

开启事务
事务提交  commit()
事务回滚  rollback()
关闭事务

转账：
A:1000
B:1000
    
A(900)   --100-->   B(1100)

Junit单元测试

依赖

<!--单元测试-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
</dependency>

简单使用

@Test注解只有在方法上有效，只要加了这个注解的方法，就可以直接运行！

@Test
public void test(){
    System.out.println("Hello");
}

失败的时候是红色： 搭建SQL一个环境

CREATE TABLE account(
   id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
   `name` VARCHAR(40),
   money FLOAT
);

INSERT INTO account(`name`,money) VALUES('A',1000);
INSERT INTO account(`name`,money) VALUES('B',1000);
INSERT INTO account(`name`,money) VALUES('C',1000);

package Test;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class TestJDBC3 {
    @Test
    public void test() {
        //配置信息
        //useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8 解决中文乱码
        String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false";
        String username = "root";
        String password = "000000";

        Connection connection = null;

        //1.加载驱动
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            //2.连接数据库,代表数据库
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);

            //3.通知数据库开启事务,false 开启
            connection.setAutoCommit(false);

            String sql = "update account set money = money-100 where name = 'A'";
            connection.prepareStatement(sql).executeUpdate();

            //制造错误
            //int i = 1/0;

            String sql2 = "update account set money = money+100 where name = 'B'";
            connection.prepareStatement(sql2).executeUpdate();

            connection.commit();//以上两条SQL都执行成功了，就提交事务！
            System.out.println("success");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            try {
                //如果出现异常，就通知数据库回滚事务
                connection.rollback();
            } catch (SQLException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

}