目录
数据备份
mongodump 备份工具
mongodump 的参数与 mongoexport(数据导出)的参数基本一致:
参数 | 参数说明 |
---|---|
-h | 指明数据库宿主机的IP |
-u | 指明数据库的用户名 |
-p | 指明数据库的密码 |
-d | 指明数据库的名字 |
-c | 指明collection的名字 |
-o | 指明到要导出的文件名 |
-q | 指明导出数据的过滤条件 |
--authenticationDatabase | 验证数据的名称 |
--gzip | 备份时压缩 |
--oplog | use oplog for taking a point-in-time snapshot |
使用 mongodump 备份数据
备份工具同导入导出工具类似,都是在命令行进行操作,无需进入客户端。
全库备份
- 如果数据库未设置用户和密码,可以省略 -uroot -proot 参数
mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27300 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -o /home/mongod
#备份本地27300端口中root用户的所有数据库到/home/mongod目录下
单个数据库备份
mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27300 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -d test -o /home/mongod/test
#备份本地27300端口中root用户的test数据库到/home/mongod/test目录下
集合备份
mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27300 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -d test -c haha -o /home/mongod/test/haha
#备份27300端口中root用户的test数据库的haha集合到/home/mongod/test/haha目录下
压缩备份库
mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27300 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -d test -o /home/mongod/test1 --gzip
#压缩备份本地27300端口中root用户的test数据库到/home/mongod/test1目录下
压缩备份集合
mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27300 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -d test -c haha -o /home/mongod/test1/haha --gzip
#压缩备份27300端口中root用户的test数据库的haha集合到/home/mongod/test1/haha目录下
编程要求
根据提示,在右侧命令行进行操作(以下均在默认端口为27017的客户端进行,无用户和密码;以下**/opt下的路径均不存在,需要自己先行创建**):
-
分别将 /home/example 目录下的 person.json 和 student.csv 导入到 MongoDB 的 test1 数据库的 person 集合、test2 数据库的 student 集合;
-
将所有数据库备份到 /opt/mongodb 目录下;
-
将 test1 数据库备份到 /opt/mongodb_1 目录下;
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将 person 集合备份到 /opt/collection_1 目录下;
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将 student 集合压缩备份到 /opt/collection_2 目录下;
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将 test2 数据库压缩备份到 /opt/mongodb_2 目录下。
1.创建以上目录
root@evassh-13661150:~# mkdir /opt/mongodb root@evassh-13661150:~# mkdir /opt/mongodb_1 root@evassh-13661150:~# mkdir /opt/mongodb_2 root@evassh-13661150:~# mkdir /opt/collection_1 root@evassh-13661150:~# mkdir /opt/collection_2
2. 分别将 /home/example 目录下的 person.json 和 student.csv 导入到 MongoDB 的 test1 数据库的 person 集合、test2 数据库的 student 集合;
root@evassh-13661150:~# mongoimport -d test1 -c person --type json --file /home/example/person.json 2022-12-18T15:32:43.037+0000 connected to: localhost 2022-12-18T15:32:43.052+0000 imported 8 documents root@evassh-13661150:~# mongoimport -d test2 -c student --type csv --headerline --ignoreBlanks --file /home/example/student.csv 2022-12-18T15:33:36.403+0000 connected to: localhost 2022-12-18T15:33:36.416+0000 imported 8 documents
mongoimport -d test1 -c person --type json --file /home/example/person.json
mongoimport -d test2 -c student --type csv --headerline --ignoreBlanks --file /home/example/student.csv
3.其他五步(按顺序)
root@evassh-13661150:~# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -o /opt/mongodb 2022-12-18T15:35:24.521+0000 writing admin.system.version to 2022-12-18T15:35:24.522+0000 done dumping admin.system.version (1 document) 2022-12-18T15:35:24.522+0000 writing test1.person to 2022-12-18T15:35:24.522+0000 writing test2.student to 2022-12-18T15:35:24.523+0000 done dumping test1.person (8 documents) 2022-12-18T15:35:24.523+0000 done dumping test2.student (8 documents) root@evassh-13661150:~# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test1 -o /opt/mongodb_1 2022-12-18T15:36:20.989+0000 writing test1.person to 2022-12-18T15:36:20.989+0000 done dumping test1.person (8 documents) root@evassh-13661150:~# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test1 -c person -o /opt/collection_1 2022-12-18T15:37:27.552+0000 writing test1.person to 2022-12-18T15:37:27.553+0000 done dumping test1.person (8 documents) root@evassh-13661150:~# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test2 -c student -o /opt/collection_2 --gzip 2022-12-18T15:38:16.975+0000 writing test2.student to 2022-12-18T15:38:16.977+0000 done dumping test2.student (8 documents) root@evassh-13661150:~# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d test2 -o /opt/mongodb_2 --gzip 2022-12-18T15:38:52.390+0000 writing test2.student to 2022-12-18T15:38:52.391+0000 done dumping test2.student (8 documents)
数据恢复
mongorestore 恢复工具
参数 | 参数说明 |
---|---|
-h | 指明数据库宿主机的IP |
-u | 指明数据库的用户名 |
-p | 指明数据库的密码 |
-d | 指明数据库的名字 |
-c | 指明collection的名字 |
-o | 指明到要导出的文件名 |
-q | 指明导出数据的过滤条件 |
--authenticationDatabase | 验证数据的名称 |
--gzip | 备份时压缩 |
--oplog | use oplog for taking a point-in-time snapshot |
--drop | 恢复的时候把之前的集合drop掉 |
使用 mongorestore 恢复数据
全库备份中恢复单库(基于之前的全库备份)
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -d test --drop /home/mongod
#从/home/mongod目录下恢复全部数据库的数据到本地27300端口中root用户中(基于第一关的备份,下同)
恢复数据库
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -d test /home/mongod/test
#从/home/mongod/test目录下恢复名为test的单个数据库的数据到本地27300端口中root用户中的test数据库
恢复数据库下的某集合
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -d test -c haha /home/mongod/test/haha/haha.bson
#从/home/mongod/test/haha目录下恢复集合的数据到本地27300端口中root用户的test数据库的haha集合中
--drop 参数实践恢复
# 恢复单库
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -d test --drop /home/mongod/test
# 恢复单表
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -uroot -proot --authenticationDatabase admin -d test -c vast --drop /home/mongod/test/haha/haha.bson
编程要求
根据提示,在右侧命令行进行操作,将第一关备份的数据按以下要求恢复(以下均在默认端口为27017的客户端进行,无用户和密码):
-
将 /opt/mongodb 目录下的数据恢复到 MongoDB 中;
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin --drop /opt/mongodb
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将 /opt/mongodb_1 目录下的数据恢复到 mytest1 数据库中;
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d mytest1 /opt/mongodb_1/test1
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将 /opt/collection_1 目录下的数据恢复到 mytest2 数据库的 person 集合中;
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d mytest2 -c person /opt/collection_1/test1/person.bson
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将 /opt/collection_2 目录下的数据恢复到 mytest3 数据库的 student 集合中,并删除之前备份的表;
mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d mytest3 -c student --gzip --drop /opt/collection_2/test2/student.bson.gz
全部代码:
root@evassh-13661150:~# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin --drop /opt/mongodb
2022-12-18T15:48:05.720+0000 preparing collections to restore from
2022-12-18T15:48:05.788+0000 reading metadata for test1.person from /opt/mongodb/test1/person.metadata.json
2022-12-18T15:48:05.793+0000 reading metadata for test2.student from /opt/mongodb/test2/student.metadata.json
2022-12-18T15:48:05.815+0000 restoring test1.person from /opt/mongodb/test1/person.bson
2022-12-18T15:48:05.815+0000 restoring test2.student from /opt/mongodb/test2/student.bson
2022-12-18T15:48:05.818+0000 no indexes to restore
2022-12-18T15:48:05.818+0000 finished restoring test1.person (8 documents)
2022-12-18T15:48:05.818+0000 no indexes to restore
2022-12-18T15:48:05.818+0000 finished restoring test2.student (8 documents)
2022-12-18T15:48:05.818+0000 done
root@evassh-13661150:~# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d mytest1 /opt/mongodb_1/test1
2022-12-18T15:48:36.693+0000 the --db and --collection args should only be used when restoring from a BSON file. Other uses are deprecated and will not exist in the future; use --nsInclude instead
2022-12-18T15:48:36.693+0000 building a list of collections to restore from /opt/mongodb_1/test1 dir
2022-12-18T15:48:36.694+0000 reading metadata for mytest1.person from /opt/mongodb_1/test1/person.metadata.json
2022-12-18T15:48:36.706+0000 restoring mytest1.person from /opt/mongodb_1/test1/person.bson
2022-12-18T15:48:36.708+0000 no indexes to restore
2022-12-18T15:48:36.708+0000 finished restoring mytest1.person (8 documents)
2022-12-18T15:48:36.708+0000 done
root@evassh-13661150:~# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d mytest2 -c person /opt/collection_1/test1/person.bson
2022-12-18T15:48:45.065+0000 checking for collection data in /opt/collection_1/test1/person.bson
2022-12-18T15:48:45.065+0000 reading metadata for mytest2.person from /opt/collection_1/test1/person.metadata.json
2022-12-18T15:48:45.077+0000 restoring mytest2.person from /opt/collection_1/test1/person.bson
2022-12-18T15:48:45.140+0000 no indexes to restore
2022-12-18T15:48:45.140+0000 finished restoring mytest2.person (8 documents)
2022-12-18T15:48:45.140+0000 done
root@evassh-13661150:~# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d mytest3 -c student --gzip --drop /opt/collection_2/test2/student.bson.gz
2022-12-18T15:48:52.830+0000 checking for collection data in /opt/collection_2/test2/student.bson.gz
2022-12-18T15:48:52.830+0000 reading metadata for mytest3.student from /opt/collection_2/test2/student.metadata.json.gz
2022-12-18T15:48:52.843+0000 restoring mytest3.student from /opt/collection_2/test2/student.bson.gz
2022-12-18T15:48:52.906+0000 no indexes to restore
2022-12-18T15:48:52.907+0000 finished restoring mytest3.student (8 documents)
2022-12-18T15:48:52.907+0000 done
root@evassh-13661150:~# mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1:27017 --authenticationDatabase admin -d mytest4 --gzip --drop /opt/mongodb_2/test2/student.bson.gz
2022-12-18T15:49:00.810+0000 checking for collection data in /opt/mongodb_2/test2/student.bson.gz
2022-12-18T15:49:00.810+0000 reading metadata for mytest4.student from /opt/mongodb_2/test2/student.metadata.json.gz
2022-12-18T15:49:00.822+0000 restoring mytest4.student from /opt/mongodb_2/test2/student.bson.gz
2022-12-18T15:49:00.885+0000 no indexes to restore
2022-12-18T15:49:00.885+0000 finished restoring mytest4.student (8 documents)
2022-12-18T15:49:00.885+0000 done