shell 检查是否可写

-w比较会判断你对文件是否有可写权限。脚本test16.sh只是脚本test13.sh的修改版。现在不单检查item_name是否存在、是否为文件，还会检查该文件是否有写入权限。

$ cat test16.sh
#!/bin/bash 
# Check if a file is writable. 
# 
item_name=$HOME/sentinel 
echo 
echo "The item being checked: $item_name" 
echo 
[...] 
 echo "Yes, $item_name is a file." 
 echo "But is it writable?" 
 echo 
 # 
 if [ -w $item_name ] 
 then #Item is writable 
 echo "Writing current time to $item_name" 
 date +%H%M >> $item_name 
 # 
 else #Item is not writable 
 echo "Unable to write to $item_name" 
 fi 
 # 
 else #Item is not a file 
 echo "No, $item_name is not a file." 
 fi 
[...] 
$ 
$ ls -l sentinel
-rw-rw-r--. 1 Christine Christine 0 Jun 27 05:38 sentinel 
$ 
$ ./test16.sh
The item being checked: /home/Christine/sentinel 
The item, /home/Christine/sentinel, does exist. 
But is it a file? 
Yes, /home/Christine/sentinel is a file. 
But is it writable? 
Writing current time to /home/Christine/sentinel 
$ 
$ cat sentinel
0543 
$ 

变量item_name被设置成$HOME/sentinel，该文件允许用户进行写入。因此当脚本运行时，-w测试表达式会返回非零退出状态，然后执行then代码块，将时间戳写入文件sentinel中。
如果使用chmod关闭文件sentinel的用户 写入权限，-w测试表达式会返回非零的退出状态码，时间戳不会被写入文件。

$ chmod u-w sentinel
$ 
$ ls -l sentinel
-r--rw-r--. 1 Christine Christine 5 Jun 27 05:43 sentinel 
$ 
$ ./test16.sh
The item being checked: /home/Christine/sentinel 
The item, /home/Christine/sentinel, does exist. 
But is it a file? 
Yes, /home/Christine/sentinel is a file. 
But is it writable? 
Unable to write to /home/Christine/sentinel 
$ 

chmod命令可用来为读者再次回授写入权限。这会使得写入测试表达式返回退出状态码0，并允许一次针对文件的写入尝试。