Bean 作用域
1、singleton(单例模式)
默认就是单例模式,不需要单独设置。
<bean id="user" class="com.study.pojo.User" p:name="燕双鹰" p:age="25" scope="prototype"/>
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbeans.xml");
Person person = context.getBean("person", Person.class);
Person person1 = context.getBean("person", Person.class);
System.out.println(person==person1); //true
2、prototype
<bean id="user" class="com.study.pojo.User" p:name="燕双鹰" p:age="25" scope="singleton"/>
每次从容器中 get ,都会产生一个新对象!
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbeans.xml");
Person person = context.getBean("person", Person.class);
Person person1 = context.getBean("person", Person.class);
System.out.println(person==person1); //false
3、其它
request、session、application 这些只在 web 开发中使用到!
Bean 的自动装配
- 自动装配是Spring满足Bean依赖的一种方式!
- Spring会在上下文中自动寻找,并自动给Bean装配属性!
1、测试
编写三个类Cat、Dog、People。
public class Dog {
public void shout(){
System.out.println("woof~");
}
}
public class Cat {
public void shout(){
System.out.println("miu~");
}
}
public class People {
private Cat cat;
private Dog dog;
private String name;
public Cat getCat() {
return cat;
}
public void setCat(Cat cat) {
this.cat = cat;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
public void setDog(Dog dog) {
this.dog = dog;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "People{" +
"cat=" + cat +
", dog=" + dog +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
在Spring的beans.xml中注册,这也是我们普通的装配方式。
<bean id="cat" class="com.study.autowried.Cat"/>
<bean id="dog" class="com.study.autowried.Dog"/>
<bean id="people" class="com.study.autowried.People" autowire="byName">
<property name="dog" ref="dog"/>
<property name="cat" ref="cat"/>
<property name="name" value="李元芳"/>
</bean>
byName 自动装配
byName需要bean标签的id属性和set方法对应!setDog方法必须对应 bean标签属性id为 "dog"。
<bean id="cat" class="com.study.autowried.Cat"/>
<bean id="dog" class="com.study.autowried.Dog"/>
<!--
byName:会自动在容器上下文自动查找和自己对象set方法对应的beanid
-->
<bean id="people" class="com.study.autowried.People" autowire="byName">
<property name="name" value="李元芳"/>
</bean>
byType 自动装配
byType不需要设置bean标签的id属性,因为它是根据bean的类去查找的,所以必须保证所以bean标签的 class 属性唯一。
<bean class="com.study.autowried.Cat"/>
<bean class="com.study.autowried.Dog"/>
<!--
byType:会自动在容器上下文自动查找和自己对象类型相同的bean
-->
<bean id="people" class="com.study.autowried.People" autowire="byName">
<property name="name" value="李元芳"/>
</bean>
使用注解实现自动装配@Autowired
使用注解需要在Spring的beans.xml中
- 导入约束: xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- 配置注解的支持:<context:annotation-config/>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:annotation-config/>
</beans>
默认情况下,@Autowired注解是通过byType方式实现自动装配的,如果希望通过byName方式进行自动装配,可以在@Autowired注解上结合@Qualifier注解使用。
测试
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解的支持-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="cat" class="com.study.autowried.Cat"/>
<bean id="dog" class="com.study.autowried.Dog"/>
<bean id="people" class="com.study.autowried.People"/>
</beans>
使用Autowried注解我们可以不用编写Set方法。
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
public class People {
//直接加载属性上即可实现自动装配
@Autowired
private Cat cat;
@Autowired
private Dog dog;
private String name;
public Cat getCat() {
return cat;
}
public Dog getDog() {
return dog;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "People{" +
"cat=" + cat +
", dog=" + dog +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
其它
@Autowried的required属性
如果Autowried的属性required的值为false,则这个对象可以为null,否则不可以为空(默认为true,不可为空)。
public class People {
@Autowired(required = false)
private Cat cat;
@Autowired
private Dog dog;
private String name;
}
@Qualifier
如果@Autowried自动装配的环境比较复杂,我们可以使用@Qualifier(value="beanid")来指定唯一的bean对象注入!
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解的支持-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="cat" class="com.study.autowried.Cat"/>
<bean id="cat1" class="com.study.autowried.Cat"/>
<bean id="dog" class="com.study.autowried.Dog"/>
<bean id="dog1" class="com.study.autowried.Dog"/>
<bean id="people" class="com.study.autowried.People"/>
</beans>
多个Dog对象和Cat对象,我们需要通过@Qualifier 指定具体的bean的id。
public class People {
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value = "cat1")
private Cat cat;
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value = "dog1")
private Dog dog;
private String name;
}
@Resource
上面的都是spring中的注解,而这个@Resource是我们java原生的注解,它同样可以实现自动装配。它会先通过byName的方式通过set方法查找对应beanid的bean;如果找不到,就会通过byType的方式通过class找唯一类型的bean;如果我们有多个相同类型的bean,我们可以通过@Resource(name="")的形式来指定对应的bean。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解的支持-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="cat" class="com.study.autowried.Cat"/>
<bean id="cat1" class="com.study.autowried.Cat"/>
<bean id="dog" class="com.study.autowried.Dog"/>
<bean id="dog1" class="com.study.autowried.Dog"/>
<bean id="people" class="com.study.autowried.People"/>
</beans>
public class People {
@Resource
private Cat cat; //匹配到bean id=cat的bean对象
@Resource(name="dog1")
private Dog dog; //匹配到bean id=dog1的bean对象
private String name;
}
小结
@Resource和@Autowried的区别:
- @Autowried 默认通过 byType实现,如果有多个bean可以搭配Qualifier(value="beanid")来实现。
- @Resource 默认通过 byName实现,如果找不到,会使用 byType实现,同样可以通过@Resource(name="beanid")来匹配指定id的bean。