07 布局widget

1.1 Align介绍

Align属性

const Align({
  Key key,
  this.alignment: Alignment.center, // 对齐方式，默认居中对齐
  this.widthFactor, // 宽度因子，不设置的情况，会尽可能大
  this.heightFactor, // 高度因子，不设置的情况，会尽可能大
  Widget child // 要布局的子Widget
})

演练

class MyHomeBody extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Align(
      child: Icon(Icons.pets, size: 36, color: Colors.red),
      alignment: Alignment.bottomRight,
      widthFactor: 3,
      heightFactor: 3,
    );
  }
}

1.2 Center组件

介绍

Center组件继承自Align，只是将alignment设置为Alignment.center

class Center extends Align {
  const Center({
    Key key,
    double widthFactor,
    double heightFactor,
    Widget child
  }) : super(key: key, widthFactor: widthFactor, heightFactor: heightFactor, child: child);
}

演练

代码Align换成Center

class MyHomeBody extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Center(
      child: Icon(Icons.pets, size: 36, color: Colors.red),
      widthFactor: 3,
      heightFactor: 3,
    );
  }
}

1.3 Padding组件

介绍

设置子Widget到父Widget的边距（你可以称之为是父组件的内边距或子Widget的外边距）。

const Padding({
  Key key,
  @requiredthis.padding, // EdgeInsetsGeometry类型（抽象类），使用EdgeInsets
  Widget child,
})

演练

class MyHomeBody extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Padding(
      padding: EdgeInsets.all(20),
      child: Text(
        "莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行。竹杖芒鞋轻胜马，谁怕？一蓑烟雨任平生。",
        style: TextStyle(
          color: Colors.redAccent,
          fontSize: 18
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

1.4Container组件

介绍

实现一个视图，有一个背景颜色、图像、有固定的尺寸、需要一个边框、圆角等效果

Container在开发中被使用的频率是非常高的，特别是我们经常会将其作为容器组件

Container({
  this.alignment,
  this.padding, //容器内补白，属于decoration的装饰范围
  Color color, // 背景色
  Decoration decoration, // 背景装饰
  Decoration foregroundDecoration, //前景装饰
  double width,//容器的宽度
  double height, //容器的高度
  BoxConstraints constraints, //容器大小的限制条件
  this.margin,//容器外补白，不属于decoration的装饰范围
  this.transform, //变换
  this.child,
})

演练

class MyHomeBody extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Center(
      child: Container(
        color: Color.fromRGBO(3, 3, 255, .5),
        width: 100,
        height: 100,
        child: Icon(Icons.pets, size: 32, color: Colors.white),
      ),
    );
  }
}

2.1 Row组件

介绍

将所有的子Widget排成一行，借鉴于Web的Flex布局。

Row({
  Key key,
  MainAxisAlignment mainAxisAlignment = MainAxisAlignment.start, // 主轴对齐方式
  MainAxisSize mainAxisSize = MainAxisSize.max, // 水平方向尽可能大
  CrossAxisAlignment crossAxisAlignment = CrossAxisAlignment.center, // 交叉处对齐方式
  TextDirection textDirection, // 水平方向子widget的布局顺序（默认为系统当前Locale环境的文本方向(如中文、英语都是从左往右，而阿拉伯语是从右往左））
  VerticalDirection verticalDirection = VerticalDirection.down, // 表示Row纵轴（垂直）的对齐方向
  TextBaseline textBaseline, // 如果上面是baseline对齐方式，那么选择什么模式（有两种可选）
  List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[],
})

 演练

class MyHomeBody extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Row(
      mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
      crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.end,
      mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.max,
      children: <Widget>[
        Container(color: Colors.red, width: 60, height: 60),
        Container(color: Colors.blue, width: 80, height: 80),
        Container(color: Colors.green, width: 70, height: 70),
        Container(color: Colors.orange, width: 100, height: 100),
      ],
    );
  }
}

2.2.Column组件

介绍

  Column({
    Key key,
    MainAxisAlignment mainAxisAlignment = MainAxisAlignment.start,
    MainAxisSize mainAxisSize = MainAxisSize.max,
    CrossAxisAlignment crossAxisAlignment = CrossAxisAlignment.center,
    TextDirection textDirection,
    VerticalDirection verticalDirection = VerticalDirection.down,
    TextBaseline textBaseline,
    List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[],
  })

演练

class MyHomeBody extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Column(
      mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceEvenly,
      crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.end,
      mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
      children: <Widget>[
        Expanded(
          flex: 1,
          child: Container(color: Colors.red, width: 60),
        ),
        Container(color: Colors.blue, width: 80, height: 80),
        Container(color: Colors.green, width: 70, height: 70),
        Expanded(
          flex: 1,
          child: Container(color: Colors.orange, width: 100),
        )
      ],
    );
  }
}

2.3stack组件

在Android中可以使用Frame来实现，在Web端可以使用绝对定位，在Flutter中我们需要使用层叠布局Stack

介绍

Stack({
  Key key,
  this.alignment = AlignmentDirectional.topStart,
  this.textDirection,
  this.fit = StackFit.loose,
  this.overflow = Overflow.clip,
  List<Widget> children = const <Widget>[],
})

演练

class MyHomeBody extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Stack(
      children: <Widget>[
        Container(
          color: Colors.purple,
          width: 300,
          height: 300,
        ),
        Positioned(
          left: 20,
          top: 20,
          child: Icon(Icons.favorite, size: 50, color: Colors.white)
        ),
        Positioned(
          bottom: 20,
          right: 20,
          child: Text("你好啊，李银河", style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20, color: Colors.white)),
        )
      ],
    );
  }
}