*/
package java.lang;
/**
-
Class {@code Object} is the root of the class hierarchy【类层次结构，等级】.
-
Every class has {@code Object} as a superclass. All objects,
-
including arrays, implement the methods of this class.
-
@author unascribed
-
@see java.lang.Class
-
@since JDK1.0
*/
public class Object {
private static native void registerNatives();
static {
registerNatives();
}
/**
-
Returns the runtime class of this {@code Object}. The returned
-
{@code Class} object is the object that is locked by {@code
-
static synchronized} methods of the represented class.
-
The actual result type is {@code Class<? extends |X|>}
-
where {@code |X|} is the erasure of the static type of the
-
expression on which {@code getClass} is called. For
-
example, no cast is required in this code fragment:
-
-
{@code Number n = 0; }
-
{@code Class<? extends Number> c = n.getClass(); }
-
@return The {@code Class} object that represents the runtime
-
class of this object. -
@jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
*/
public final native Class<?> getClass(); //返回一个对象的运行时类，通过返回的类对象可以获取运行时类的相关属性和方法，就是java的反射机制
/**
-
Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is
-
supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by
-
{@link java.util.HashMap}.
-
-
The general contract of {@code hashCode} is:
-
- Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during
-
an execution of a Java application, the {@code hashCode} method -
must consistently return the same integer, provided no information -
used in {@code equals} comparisons on the object is modified. -
This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an -
application to another execution of the same application. - If two objects are equal according to the {@code equals(Object)}
-
method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of -
the two objects must produce the same integer result. - It is not required that if two objects are unequal
-
according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)} -
method, then calling the {@code hashCode} method on each of the -
two objects must produce distinct integer results. However, the -
programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results -
for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.
-
-
As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by
-
class {@code Object} does return distinct integers for distinct
-
objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal
-
address of the object into an integer, but this implementation
-
technique is not required by the
-
Java™ programming language.)
-
@return a hash code value for this object.
-
@see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
-
@see java.lang.System#identityHashCode
*/
public native int hashCode(); //返回对象的散列码
/**
-
Indicates【表明】 whether some other object is “equal to” this one.
-
-
The {@code equals} method implements an equivalence relation
-
on non-null object references:
-
- It is reflexive: 【自反性】for any non-null reference value
-
{@code x}, {@code x.equals(x)} should return -
{@code true}. - It is symmetric: 【对称性】for any non-null reference values
-
{@code x} and {@code y}, {@code x.equals(y)} -
should return {@code true} if and only if -
{@code y.equals(x)} returns {@code true}. - It is transitive:【传递性】 for any non-null reference values
-
{@code x}, {@code y}, and {@code z}, if -
{@code x.equals(y)} returns {@code true} and -
{@code y.equals(z)} returns {@code true}, then -
{@code x.equals(z)} should return {@code true}. - It is consistent:【一致性】 for any non-null reference values
-
{@code x} and {@code y}, multiple invocations of -
{@code x.equals(y)} consistently return {@code true} -
or consistently return {@code false}, provided no -
information used in {@code equals} comparisons on the -
objects is modified.在对象equals方法中所用信息没有被修改时，对于非空引用的多次比较返回始终或true或false - For any non-null reference value {@code x},
-
{@code x.equals(null)} should return {@code false}.非空引用x的x.equals(null)均返回false
-
-
-
The {@code equals} method for class {@code Object} implements
-
the most discriminating【差别】 possible equivalence relation on objects;
-
that is, for any non-null reference values {@code x} and
-
{@code y}, this method returns {@code true} if and only
-
if {@code x} and {@code y} refer to the same object
-
({@code x == y} has the value {@code true}).
-
-
Note that it is generally necessary to override the {@code hashCode}
-
method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the
-
general contract for the {@code hashCode} method, which states
-
that equal objects must have equal hash codes.
-
@param obj the reference object with which to compare.
-
@return {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
-
argument; {@code false} otherwise. -
@see #hashCode()
-
@see java.util.HashMap
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (this == obj); //判断两个对象是否相等，而==是判断两个两个对象的引用是否相等（或者在一些其他如基本类型中被用来比较两个值是否相等）
}
/**
-
Creates and returns a copy of this object. The precise meaning
-
of “copy” may depend on the class of the object. The general
-
intent【目的】 is that, for any object {@code x}, the expression:
-
-
x.clone() != x
-
will be true, and that the expression:
-
-
x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()
-
will be {@code true}, but these are not absolute requirements.
-
While it is typically the case that:
-
-
x.clone().equals(x)
-
will be {@code true}, this is not an absolute requirement.
-
-
By convention【约定】, the returned object should be obtained by calling
-
{@code super.clone}. If a class and all of its superclasses (except
-
{@code Object}) obey【服从】 this convention, it will be the case that
-
{@code x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()}.
-
-
By convention, the object returned by this method should be independent
-
of this object (which is being cloned). To achieve this independence,
-
it may be necessary to modify one or more fields of the object returned
-
by {@code super.clone} before returning it. Typically, this means
-
copying any mutable【易变的】 objects that comprise【由…组成】 the internal “deep structure”
-
of the object being cloned and replacing the references to these
-
objects with references to the copies. If a class contains only
-
primitive fields or references to immutable objects, then it is usually
-
the case that no fields in the object returned by {@code super.clone}
-
need to be modified.
-
-
The method {@code clone} for class {@code Object} performs a
-
specific
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cloning operation. First, if the class of this object does
-
not implement the interface {@code Cloneable}, then a
-
{@code CloneNotSupportedException} is thrown. Note that all arrays
-
are considered to implement the interface {@code Cloneable} and that
-
the return type of the {@code clone} method of an array type {@code T[]}
-
is {@code T[]} where T is any reference or primitive type.
-
Otherwise, this method creates a new instance of the class of this
-
object and initializes all its fields with exactly the contents of
-
the corresponding fields of this object, as if by assignment; the
-
contents of the fields are not themselves cloned. Thus, this method
-
performs a “shallow copy” of this object, not a “deep copy” operation.
-
-
The class {@code Object} does not itself implement the interface
-
{@code Cloneable}, so calling the {@code clone} method on an object
-
whose class is {@code Object} will result in throwing an
-
exception at run time.
-
@return a clone of this instance.
-
@throws CloneNotSupportedException if the object’s class does not
-
support the {@code Cloneable} interface. Subclasses -
that override the {@code clone} method can also -
throw this exception to indicate that an instance cannot -
be cloned. -
@see java.lang.Cloneable
*/
protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;
/**
-
Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the
-
{@code toString} method returns a string that
-
“textually represents” this object. The result should
-
be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a
-
person to read.
-
It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.
-
-
The {@code toString} method for class {@code Object}
-
returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the
-
object is an instance, the at-sign character `{@code @}’, and
-
the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the
-
object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the
-
value of:
-
-
getClass().getName() + ‘@’ + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())
-
@return a string representation of the object.
*/
public String toString() {
return getClass().getName() + “@” + Integer.toHexString(hashCode());
}
/**
-
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object’s
-
monitor. If any threads are waiting on this object, one of them
-
is chosen to be awakened. The choice is arbitrary and occurs at
-
the discretion of the implementation. A thread waits on an object’s
-
monitor by calling one of the {@code wait} methods.
-
-
The awakened thread will not be able to proceed until the current
-
thread relinquishes the lock on this object. The awakened thread will
-
compete in the usual manner with any other threads that might be
-
actively competing to synchronize on this object; for example, the
-
awakened thread enjoys no reliable privilege or disadvantage in being
-
the next thread to lock this object.
-
-
This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner
-
of this object’s monitor. A thread becomes the owner of the
-
object’s monitor in one of three ways:
-
- By executing a synchronized instance method of that object.
- By executing the body of a {@code synchronized} statement
-
that synchronizes on the object. - For objects of type {@code Class,} by executing a
-
synchronized static method of that class.
-
-
-
Only one thread at a time can own an object’s monitor.
-
@throws IllegalMonitorStateException if the current thread is not
-
the owner of this object's monitor. -
@see java.lang.Object#notifyAll()
-
@see java.lang.Object#wait()
*/
public final native void notify();
/**
-
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object’s monitor. A
-
thread waits on an object’s monitor by calling one of the
-
{@code wait} methods.
-
-
The awakened threads will not be able to proceed until the current
-
thread relinquishes the lock on this object. The awakened threads
-
will compete in the usual manner with any other threads that might
-
be actively competing to synchronize on this object; for example,
-
the awakened threads enjoy no reliable privilege or disadvantage in
-
being the next thread to lock this object.
-
-
This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner
-
of this object’s monitor. See the {@code notify} method for a
-
description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of
-
a monitor.
-
@throws IllegalMonitorStateException if the current thread is not
-
the owner of this object's monitor. -
@see java.lang.Object#notify()
-
@see java.lang.Object#wait()
*/
public final native void notifyAll();
/**
-
Causes the current thread to wait until either another thread invokes the
-
{@link java.lang.Object#notify()} method or the
-
{@link java.lang.Object#notifyAll()} method for this object, or a
-
specified amount of time has elapsed.
-
-
The current thread must own this object’s monitor.
-
-
This method causes the current thread (call it T) to
-
place itself in the wait set for this object and then to relinquish
-
any and all synchronization claims on this object. Thread T
-
becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant
-
until one of four things happens:
-
- Some other thread invokes the {@code notify} method for this
-
object and thread T happens to be arbitrarily chosen as
-
the thread to be awakened.
- Some other thread invokes the {@code notifyAll} method for this
-
object.
- Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt() interrupts}
-
thread T.
- The specified amount of real time has elapsed, more or less. If
-
{@code timeout} is zero, however, then real time is not taken into
-
consideration and the thread simply waits until notified.
-
-
The thread T is then removed from the wait set for this
-
object and re-enabled for thread scheduling. It then competes in the
-
usual manner with other threads for the right to synchronize on the
-
object; once it has gained control of the object, all its
-
synchronization claims on the object are restored to the status quo
-
ante - that is, to the situation as of the time that the {@code wait}
-
method was invoked. Thread T then returns from the
-
invocation of the {@code wait} method. Thus, on return from the
-
{@code wait} method, the synchronization state of the object and of
-
thread {@code T} is exactly as it was when the {@code wait} method
-
was invoked.
-
-
A thread can also wake up without being notified, interrupted, or
-
timing out, a so-called spurious wakeup. While this will rarely
-
occur in practice, applications must guard against it by testing for
-
the condition that should have caused the thread to be awakened, and
-
continuing to wait if the condition is not satisfied. In other words,
-
waits should always occur in loops, like this one:
-
synchronized (obj) { -
while (<condition does not hold>) -
obj.wait(timeout); -
... // Perform action appropriate to condition -
} -
(For more information on this topic, see Section 3.2.3 in Doug Lea’s
-
“Concurrent Programming in Java (Second Edition)” (Addison-Wesley,
-
2000), or Item 50 in Joshua Bloch’s "Effective Java Programming
-
Language Guide" (Addison-Wesley, 2001).
-
If the current thread is {@linkplain java.lang.Thread#interrupt()
-
interrupted} by any thread before or while it is waiting, then an
-
{@code InterruptedException} is thrown. This exception is not
-
thrown until the lock status of this object has been restored as
-
described above.
-
-
Note that the {@code wait} method, as it places the current thread
-
into the wait set for this object, unlocks only this object; any
-
other objects on which the current thread may be synchronized remain
-
locked while the thread waits.
-
-
This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner
-
of this object’s monitor. See the {@code notify} method for a
-
description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of
-
a monitor.
-
@param timeout the maximum time to wait in milliseconds.
-
@throws IllegalArgumentException if the value of timeout is
-
negative. -
@throws IllegalMonitorStateException if the current thread is not
-
the owner of the object's monitor. -
@throws InterruptedException if any thread interrupted the
-
current thread before or while the current thread -
was waiting for a notification. The <i>interrupted -
status</i> of the current thread is cleared when -
this exception is thrown. -
@see java.lang.Object#notify()
-
@see java.lang.Object#notifyAll()
*/
public final native void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException;
/**
-
Causes the current thread to wait until another thread invokes the
-
{@link java.lang.Object#notify()} method or the
-
{@link java.lang.Object#notifyAll()} method for this object, or
-
some other thread interrupts the current thread, or a certain
-
amount of real time has elapsed.
-
-
This method is similar to the {@code wait} method of one
-
argument, but it allows finer control over the amount of time to
-
wait for a notification before giving up. The amount of real time,
-
measured in nanoseconds, is given by:
-
-
1000000*timeout+nanos
-
-
In all other respects, this method does the same thing as the
-
method {@link #wait(long)} of one argument. In particular,
-
{@code wait(0, 0)} means the same thing as {@code wait(0)}.
-
-
The current thread must own this object’s monitor. The thread
-
releases ownership of this monitor and waits until either of the
-
following two conditions has occurred:
-
- Another thread notifies threads waiting on this object's monitor
-
to wake up either through a call to the {@code notify} method
-
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