LeetCode709. 转换成小写字母，String和StringBuilder效率

String和StringBuilder

LeetCode709. 转换成小写字母

String 拼接字符串

class Solution {
    public String toLowerCase(String s) {
        String res = "";
        for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
            if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
                res += (char)(c - 'A' + 'a');
            else 
                res += c;
        }
        return res;
    }
}

StringBuider

看下StringBuilder的威力

class Solution {
    public String toLowerCase(String s) {
        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
        for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
            if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
                res.append((char)(c - 'A' + 'a'));
            else 
                res.append(c);
        }
        return res.toString();
    }
}

String的方式底层是如何使用拼接的

反编译class文件，留意行号

javap查看字节码信息

		42: new           #4                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
        45: dup
        46: invokespecial #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
        49: aload_2
        50: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        53: iload         6
        55: bipush        65
        57: isub
        58: bipush        97
        60: iadd
        61: i2c
        62: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(C)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        65: invokevirtual #8                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
        68: astore_2
        69: goto          92
        72: new           #4                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
        75: dup
        76: invokespecial #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
        79: aload_2
        80: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        83: iload         6
        85: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(C)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        88: invokevirtual #8                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

 LineNumberTable:
        line 12: 0
        line 13: 3
        line 14: 28
        line 15: 42
        line 17: 72
        line 13: 92
        line 19: 98

1. 分析看出在代码15行的地方创建了一个StringBuilder对象，然后调用append方法
2. 在第17行的时候也创建了一个StringBuilder对象，然后调用append方法
3. 也就是说每次循环到 15，17 都创建了一个StringBuilder对象，然后调用append和toString

相当于

public String toLowerCase(String s) {
        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
        for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
            if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
                res.append(new StringBuilder((char)(c - 'A' + 'a')).toString());
            else
                res.append(new StringBuilder(c).toString());
        }
        return res.toString();
    }

再探StringBuilder方式的实现

		57: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(C)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        60: pop
        61: goto          71
        64: aload_2
        65: iload         6
        67: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(C)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        70: pop
        71: iinc          5, 1
        74: goto          20
        77: aload_2
        78: invokevirtual #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
        81: areturn
 LineNumberTable:
        line 13: 0
        line 14: 8
        line 15: 33
        line 16: 47
        line 18: 64
        line 14: 71
        line 20: 77

• 不难发现代码只是在多次调用append方法，相对来说节省了很多内存资源，提升了执行速度。

总结：在循环中，使用字符串拼接效率会远远低于StringBuilder，字符串的拼接底层转换成了每次创建一个StringBuilder对象