super关键字的三种使用方法

super关键字的三种使用方法

1. 调用父类的构造方法

在子类的构造方法被调用时，会先调用父类的构造方法。在没有在子类中自定义的调用父类的构造方法时，子类的构造方法中会隐藏着一个调用父类无参构造方法的操作，它是不可见的，它的形式是super();。如下所示：

package com.pyi.blog;

public class Super1 {
    int num;
    String name;
    public Super1(){
        System.out.println("父类无参构造调用！");
    }
    public Super1(int num){
        this.num=num;
        System.out.println(num);
    }
    public Super1(String name){
        this.name=name;
        System.out.println(name);
    }
    public Super1(int num,String name){
        this.num=num;
        this.name=name;
        System.out.println(num+","+name);
    }
}

package com.pyi.blog;

public class Super2 extends Super1 {
    public Super2() {
        System.out.println("子类无参构造调用！");
    }
}

package com.pyi.blog;

public class SuperTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Super2 s=new Super2();
    }
}

在这里可以看到，在测试类中我们并没有创建父类的实例，而是创建了子类的实例。但是父类的构造方法却被调用了，并且是在子类的构造方法的输出语句之前。因此，可以明白在子类的构造方法中隐藏着调用父类无参构造方法的操作，并且它是子类构造方法的第一条语句。

若不再子类构造方法的第一条语句，则会报错：

package com.pyi.blog;

public class Super2 extends Super1 {
    public Super2() {
        System.out.println("子类无参构造调用！");
        super();
    }
}

若我们要调用父类的有参构造，则可以自定义super方法中的参数。

package com.pyi.blog;

public class Super2 extends Super1 {
    public Super2() {
        super(1);
        System.out.println("子类无参构造调用！");
    }
}

package com.pyi.blog;

public class Super2 extends Super1 {
    public Super2() {
        super("小明");
        System.out.println("子类无参构造调用！");
    }
}

package com.pyi.blog;

public class Super2 extends Super1 {
    public Super2() {
        super(10,"小明");
        System.out.println("子类无参构造调用！");
    }
}

2. 调用父类成员变量

当子类成员变量和父类成员同名时，创造子类的实例时，调用的成员变量默认为是子类的成员变量。如下所示：

package com.pyi.blog;

public class Super1 {
    int num;
    String name;
    public Super1(){
        System.out.println("父类无参构造调用！");
    }
    public Super1(int num){
        this.num=num;
        System.out.println(num);
    }
    public Super1(String name){
        this.name=name;
        System.out.println(name);
    }
    public Super1(int num,String name){
        this.num=num;
        this.name=name;
        System.out.println(num+","+name);
    }
}

package com.pyi.blog;

import java.sql.SQLOutput;

public class Super2 extends Super1 {
    int num;
    String name;
    public Super2() {
        super(10,"小明");
        System.out.println("子类无参构造调用！");
    }
    public Super2(int num,String name){
        this.num=num;
        this.name=name;
    }
    public void print(){
        System.out.println(num+","+name);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Super2 s=new Super2(9,"小红");
        s.print();
    }
}

若要使用父类的成员变量，则需要用到super关键字，形式如super.成员变量名：

package com.pyi.blog;

import java.sql.SQLOutput;

public class Super2 extends Super1 {
    int num;
    String name;
    public Super2() {
        super(10,"小明");
        System.out.println("子类无参构造调用！");
    }
    public Super2(int num,String name){
        this.num=num;
        this.name=name;
    }
    public void print(){
        System.out.println(super.num+","+super.name);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Super2 s=new Super2(9,"小红");
        s.print();
    }
}

运行结果如下：

此时父类的成员变量num与name被调用。

3. 调用父类成员方法

在父类与子类的成员方法同名时，创建子类对象后，用子类对象调用该重名方法时，优先调用子类中的该方法。如下所示：

package com.pyi.blog;

public class Super1 {
    int num;
    String name;
    public Super1(){
        System.out.println("父类无参构造调用！");
    }
    public Super1(int num){
        this.num=num;
        System.out.println(num);
    }
    public Super1(String name){
        this.name=name;
        System.out.println(name);
    }
    public Super1(int num,String name){
        this.num=num;
        this.name=name;
       // System.out.println(num+","+name);
    }
    public void method(){
        System.out.println("父类method方法被调用！");
    }
}

package com.pyi.blog;

import java.sql.SQLOutput;

public class Super2 extends Super1 {
    int num;
    String name;
    public Super2() {
        super(10,"小明");
        System.out.println("子类无参构造调用！");
    }
    public Super2(int num,String name){
        super(10,"小明");
        this.num=num;
        this.name=name;
    }
    public void print(){
       method();
    }
    public void method(){
        System.out.println("子类method方法被调用！");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Super2 s=new Super2(9,"小红");
        s.print();
    }
}

运行结果如下：

若要调用父类中的与子类同名的方法，则操作为super+方法名()。如下所示：

package com.pyi.blog;

import java.sql.SQLOutput;

public class Super2 extends Super1 {
    int num;
    String name;
    public Super2() {
        super(10,"小明");
        System.out.println("子类无参构造调用！");
    }
    public Super2(int num,String name){
        super(10,"小明");
        this.num=num;
        this.name=name;
    }
    public void print(){
       super.method();
    }
    public void method(){
        System.out.println("子类method方法被调用！");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Super2 s=new Super2(9,"小红");
        s.print();
    }
}

运行结果如下：