Spring注解和xml文件配置形式的一些对比（代码形式）

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-11 17:41:16 发布

淮水亭-竹

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-11 17:41:16 发布

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文章标签： spring xml 单元测试

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_64928074/article/details/132842953

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spring 中部分注解的使用

我们先解释一下IoC和DI
IoC：lOC: Inversion of Control，翻译过来是反转控制。把对象创建和对象之间的调用过程，交给 Spring 进行管理
DI：Dependency Injection 翻译过来是依赖注入,DI 是指在组件之间传递依赖关系的过程中，将依赖关系在容器内部进行处理，这样就不必在应用程序代码中硬编码对象之间的依赖关系，实现了对象之间的解耦合。在 Spring 中，DI 是通过 XML 配置文件或注解的方式实现的。它提供了三种形式的依赖注入：构造函数注入、Setter 方法注入和接口入。

下面我们来说一下使用xml配置的方式进行其依赖注入，和注解的方式进行实现吧

首先其方式，都得先进行依赖的导入

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>5.10.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.24</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.0-beta4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.0-beta4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 数据库驱动和连接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.25</version>
        </dependency>
		
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring-jdbc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>6.0.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>jakarta.annotation</groupId>
            <artifactId>jakarta.annotation-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    </project>

说到spring中的注解，那就不能只说其注解，应从对比xml配置文件开始说起，下面我们从xml文件的形式用代码进行说明一些用法（其中很多的用法未进行实现，这里我们只演示部分关于我们代码所用到的部分）

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
     https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

  <!--引用外部的属性文件-->
  <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties,student.properties" />
  <!--
      步骤1：需要连接数据库，并且创建druid数据连接池
  -->
  <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
      <property name="driverClassName" value="${csi.driverClassName}" />
      <property name="url" value="${csi.url}" />
      <property name="username" value="${csi.username}" />
      <property name="password" value="${csi.password}" />
  </bean>

  <!--
      步骤2：创建一个JDBCTemplate对象
  -->
  <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" scope="prototype">
      <constructor-arg ref="dataSource" />
  </bean>
  <!--
      步骤3：将jdbcTemplate注入到的属性中
      未使用注解的方式
  -->
  
  <bean id="studentDao" class="com.csi.dao.impl.StudentDaoImpl">
      <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate" />
  </bean>
  <bean id="studentService" class="com.csi.service.impl.StudentServiceImpl">
      <property name="studentDao" ref="studentDao" />
  </bean>
  <bean id="studentController" class="com.csi.controller.StudentController">
      <property name="studentService" ref="studentService" />
  </bean>

  <!--
      init-method:调用自定义的初始化方法
      destroy-method:调用自定义销毁方法。
          该方法需要使用容器的关闭方法，才能够看到。否则就要碰运气！
      scope="prototype":代表每一次获取都会返回一个新的对象
      scope="singleton":代表每一次返回的都是同一个对象
  -->
<!--    <bean id="person" class="com.csi.domain.Person" scope="prototype" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy" />-->

</beans>

这是通过xml文件进行Spring 注解的一个方式，实体类如下

package com.csi.domain;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Student {
    //id
    private Integer id;

    //姓名
    private String name;

    //性别
    private String gender;

    //年龄
    private Integer age;

    //班级
    private String classes;
}

package com.csi.dao.impl;

import com.csi.dao.StudentDao;
import com.csi.domain.Student;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import java.util.List;

public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate ;

    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }


    @Override
    public int save(Student student) {
        String sql = "insert into students (id,name,gender,age,class) values (?,?,?,?,?)" ;

        int ret=this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql,student.getId(),student.getName(),student.getGender(),student.getAge(),
                student.getClasses());

        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public int modify(Student student) {
        String sql="update students set id=?,name=?,gender=?,age=?,class=? where id=?";

        int ret=this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql,student.getId(),student.getName(),student.getGender(),student.getAge(),
                student.getClasses(),student.getId());


        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> list() {
        String sql="select id,name,gender,age,class from students";
//  new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Student.class)
//这里是因为数据库中的字段名和我Java中使用的字段名的映射问题，所以使用了lamda表达式的方式进行字段的一一映射， 如果一直的话可使用以上的new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Student.class)的方式进行相应的映射，并进行读取
        List<Student> list=this.jdbcTemplate.query(sql,(rs,rowNum) -> {
            Student student = new Student() ;
            student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
            student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
            student.setGender(rs.getString("gender"));
            student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
            student.setClasses(rs.getString("class"));
            return student ;
        });

        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public Student findById(Integer id) {
        String sql="select id,name,gender,age,class from students where id=?";

		
        Student stu=this.jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,(rs,rowNum) -> {
            Student student = new Student() ;
            student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
            student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
            student.setGender(rs.getString("gender"));
            student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
            student.setClasses(rs.getString("class"));
            return student ;
        },id);

        return stu;
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteById(Integer id) {
        String sql="delete from students  where id=?";

        int ret=this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql,id);

        return ret;
    }
}

package com.csi.service.impl;

import com.csi.dao.StudentDao;
import com.csi.domain.Student;
import com.csi.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;


public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    private StudentDao studentDao ;

    public void setStudentDao(StudentDao studentDao) {
        this.studentDao = studentDao;
    }

    @Override
    public int save(Student student) {
        return this.studentDao.save(student);
    }

    @Override
    public int modify(Student student) {
        return this.studentDao.modify(student);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> list() {
        return this.studentDao.list();
    }

    @Override
    public Student findById(Integer id) {
        return this.studentDao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteById(Integer id) {
        return this.studentDao.deleteById(id);
    }
}

package com.csi.controller;

import com.csi.domain.Student;
import com.csi.service.StudentService;

import java.util.List;

public class StudentController {


    private StudentService studentService ;

    public void setStudentService(StudentService studentService) {
        this.studentService = studentService;
    }



    public int save(Student student) {
        return this.studentService.save(student);
    }


    public int modify(Student student) {
        return this.studentService.modify(student);
    }


    public List<Student> list() {
        return this.studentService.list();
    }


    public Student findById(Integer id) {
        return this.studentService.findById(id);
    }


    public int deleteById(Integer id) {
        return this.studentService.deleteById(id);
    }
}

测试类

import com.csi.controller.StudentController;
import com.csi.domain.Student;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import javax.swing.plaf.synth.SynthUI;
import java.util.List;

public  class  TestStudentController {

    @Test
    public void save(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;

        StudentController studentController = ctx.getBean(StudentController.class);

        Student student=new Student();

        student.setId(9);
        student.setAge(20);
        student.setName("钱十一");
        student.setGender("男");
        student.setClasses("高中三班");

        studentController.save(student);
    }


    @Test
    public void list(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;

        StudentController studentController = ctx.getBean(StudentController.class);

        List<Student> list = studentController.list();

        for (Student student : list) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }

    }

    @Test
    public void findById(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;

        StudentController studentController = ctx.getBean(StudentController.class);

        Student byId = studentController.findById(1);

        System.out.println(byId);

    }

    @Test
    public  void deleteById(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;

        StudentController studentController = ctx.getBean(StudentController.class);

        int ret=studentController.deleteById(9);

        System.out.println(ret);
    }

    @Test
    public void modify(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;

        StudentController studentController = ctx.getBean(StudentController.class);

        Student student=new Student();
        student.setId(1);
        student.setAge(20);
        student.setName("张三");
        student.setGender("女");
        student.setClasses("高中三班");

        int ret=studentController.modify(student);

        System.out.println(ret);
    }
}

下面是使用注解方式进行的;

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--引用外部的属性文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties,student.properties" />

<!--    扫描文件-->
<!--    注解使用方式-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.csi">
<!--       指定扫描文件-->
<!--        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>-->
<!--       指定不扫描文件-->
<!--            <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>-->
    </context:component-scan>
    <!--
        步骤1：需要连接数据库，并且创建druid数据连接池
    -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${csi.driverClassName}" />
        <property name="url" value="${csi.url}" />
        <property name="username" value="${csi.username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${csi.password}" />
    </bean>

    <!--
        步骤2：创建一个JDBCTemplate对象
    -->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" scope="prototype">
        <constructor-arg ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
</beans>

从xml文件看，其减少了一些依赖注入的配置代码，在后续会使用一些注解进行依赖注入操作

package com.csi.dao.impl;

import com.csi.dao.StudentDao;
import com.csi.domain.Student;
import com.csi.domain.StudentTest;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;


@Repository("studentTestDaoImpl")
public class StudentTestDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate ;

/*    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }*/

    @Override
    public int save(Student student) {
        String sql = "insert into students (id,name,gender,age,class) values (?,?,?,?,?)" ;

        int ret=this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql,student.getId(),student.getName(),student.getGender(),student.getAge(),
                student.getClasses());

        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public int modify(Student student) {
        String sql="update students set id=?,name=?,gender=?,age=?,class=? where id=?";

        int ret=this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql,student.getId(),student.getName(),student.getGender(),student.getAge(),
                student.getClasses(),student.getId());


        return ret;
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> list() {
        String sql="select id,name,gender,age,class from students";
//  new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Student.class)
        List<Student> list=this.jdbcTemplate.query(sql,(rs,rowNum) -> {
            Student student = new Student() ;
            student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
            student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
            student.setGender(rs.getString("gender"));
            student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
            student.setClasses(rs.getString("class"));
            return student ;
        });

        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public Student findById(Integer id) {
        String sql="select id,name,gender,age,class from students where id=?";

        Student stu=this.jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,(rs,rowNum) -> {
            Student student = new Student() ;
            student.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
            student.setName(rs.getString("name"));
            student.setGender(rs.getString("gender"));
            student.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
            student.setClasses(rs.getString("class"));
            return student ;
        },id);

        return stu;
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteById(Integer id) {
        String sql="delete from students  where id=?";

        int ret=this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql,id);

        return ret;
    }
}

package com.csi.service.impl;

import com.csi.dao.StudentDao;
import com.csi.domain.Student;
import com.csi.service.StudentService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service("studentTestServiceImpl")
public class StudentTestServiceImpl implements StudentService {


    @Resource
    private StudentDao studentDao ;

/*    public void setStudentDao(StudentDao studentDao) {
        this.studentDao = studentDao;
    }*/

    public void setStudentDao(StudentDao studentDao) {
        this.studentDao = studentDao;
    }

    @Override
    public int save(Student student) {
        return this.studentDao.save(student);
    }

    @Override
    public int modify(Student student) {
        return this.studentDao.modify(student);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Student> list() {
        return this.studentDao.list();
    }

    @Override
    public Student findById(Integer id) {
        return this.studentDao.findById(id);
    }

    @Override
    public int deleteById(Integer id) {
        return this.studentDao.deleteById(id);
    }
}

package com.csi.controller;

import com.csi.dao.impl.StudentTestDaoImpl;
import com.csi.domain.Student;
import com.csi.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import java.util.List;

@Controller("studentTestController")
public class StudentTestController {


    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(value = "studentTestServiceImpl")
    private StudentService studentService ;

/*    public void setStudentService(StudentTestDaoImpl studentService) {
        this.studentService = studentService;
    }*/


    public int save(Student student) {
        return this.studentService.save(student);
    }


    public int modify(Student student) {
        return this.studentService.modify(student);
    }


    public List<Student> list() {
        return this.studentService.list();
    }


    public Student findById(Integer id) {
        return this.studentService.findById(id);
    }


    public int deleteById(Integer id) {
        return this.studentService.deleteById(id);
    }
}

测试类

import com.csi.controller.StudentController;
import com.csi.controller.StudentTestController;
import com.csi.dao.StudentDao;
import com.csi.domain.BeanTest;
import com.csi.domain.Student;
import com.csi.domain.StudentTest;
import com.csi.service.StudentService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import java.util.List;

public class TestStudentTestController {

    @Test
    public void save(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;

        StudentTestController studentTestController = (StudentTestController) ctx.getBean("studentTestController");

        Student student=new Student();

        student.setId(9);
        student.setAge(20);
        student.setName("钱十一");
        student.setGender("男");
        student.setClasses("高中三班");

        int save = studentTestController.save(student);

        System.out.println(save);
    }

    @Test
    public void list(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;

        StudentTestController studentTestController = (StudentTestController) ctx.getBean("studentTestController");

        List<Student> list = studentTestController.list();

        for (Student student : list) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void findById(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;

        StudentTestController studentTestController = (StudentTestController) ctx.getBean("studentTestController");

        Student byId = studentTestController.findById(1);
        System.out.println(byId);
    }


    @Test
    public void update(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;

        StudentTestController studentTestController = (StudentTestController) ctx.getBean("studentTestController");

        Student student=new Student();
        student.setId(9);
        student.setAge(20);
        student.setName("张三");
        student.setGender("男");
        student.setClasses("高中三班");
        int modify = studentTestController.modify(student);
        System.out.println(modify);
    }


    @Test
    public void delete(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml") ;
        StudentTestController studentTestController = (StudentTestController) ctx.getBean("studentTestController");

        int i = studentTestController.deleteById(9);

        System.out.println(i);
    }
}

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Spring注解和xml文件配置形式的一些对比（代码形式）

Dependency Injection 翻译过来是依赖注入,DI 是指在组件之间传递依赖关系的过程中，将依赖关系在容器内部进行处理，这样就不必在应用程序代码中硬编码对象之间的依赖关系，实现了对象之间的解耦合。在 Spring 中，DI 是通过 XML 配置文件或注解的方式实现的。从xml文件看，其减少了一些依赖注入的配置代码，在后续会使用一些注解进行依赖注入操作。下面我们来说一下使用xml配置的方式进行其依赖注入，和注解的方式进行实现吧。这是通过xml文件进行Spring 注解的一个方式，实体类如下。
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