keepalived高可用

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于 2023-10-15 23:00:01 发布

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文章标签：负载均衡 nginx 运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_65079526/article/details/133849262

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keepalived高可用

keepalived简介

Keepalived是一个开源的高可用性解决方案，主要用于在Linux系统上实现IP负载均衡和故障切换。它可以将多个服务器组成一个虚拟的高可用性集群，通过共享一个虚拟IP地址来实现负载均衡和故障切换。
Keepalived的工作原理是通过VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol）协议来实现高可用性。在Keepalived集群中，有一个Master节点和多个Backup节点，Master节点负责处理所有的请求，而Backup节点则处于备用状态。当Master节点发生故障时，Backup节点会自动接管Master节点的工作，确保服务的连续性。

keepalived的主要功能

IP负载均衡：Keepalived可以将多个服务器组成一个虚拟的负载均衡集群，通过共享一个虚拟IP地址来分发请求，实现负载均衡。
故障切换：当Master节点发生故障时，Keepalived可以自动将Backup节点切换为Master节点，确保服务的连续性。
健康检查：Keepalived可以定期检查服务器的健康状态，如果发现某个服务器不可用，会自动将其从负载均衡集群中剔除。
配置灵活：Keepalived的配置文件可以根据需求进行灵活的定制，可以设置权重、优先级、检查间隔等参数。
日志和统计：Keepalived提供了详细的日志和统计信息，可以帮助管理员监控和调试集群的运行状态。

keepalived工作原理

Keepalived的工作原理主要基于VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol）协议，它通过在多台服务器之间共享一个虚拟IP地址来实现负载均衡和故障切换。
在Keepalived集群中，有一个Master节点和多个Backup节点，Master节点负责处理所有的请求，而Backup节点则处于备用状态。Master节点会定期发送VRRP广播消息，告诉其他节点自己是Master节点，并提供虚拟IP地址。其他节点收到广播消息后，会根据Master节点的优先级和权重等参数来判断是否需要将自己切换为Master节点。
当Master节点发生故障时，其他节点会自动接管Master节点的工作，切换为新的Master节点，并重新分配虚拟IP地址。这样，即使某个节点发生故障，整个集群仍然可以保持高可用性和连续性。
除了VRRP协议，Keepalived还提供了健康检查和故障恢复等功能。它可以定期检查服务器的健康状态，如果发现某个服务器不可用，会自动将其从负载均衡集群中剔除。一旦故障节点恢复正常，Keepalived会自动将其重新加入集群。
总之，Keepalived的工作原理是基于VRRP协议和健康检查等功能，可以实现IP负载均衡和故障切换，确保服务的高可用性和连续性。

keepalived高可用故障转移的原理

Keepalived的高可用故障转移原理主要是通过VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol）协议来实现的。VRRP是一种网络协议，用于在多个路由器之间共享一个虚拟IP地址，实现高可用性和故障转移。
在Keepalived集群中，有一个Master节点和多个Backup节点。Master节点负责处理所有的请求，而Backup节点处于备用状态。Master节点会定期发送VRRP广播消息，告诉其他节点自己是Master节点，并提供虚拟IP地址。
其他节点收到广播消息后，会根据Master节点的优先级和权重等参数来判断是否需要将自己切换为Master节点。如果某个Backup节点的优先级高于当前的Master节点，它会发送一个VRRP广播消息，通知其他节点将自己切换为Master节点，并重新分配虚拟IP地址。
当Master节点发生故障时，其他节点会自动接管Master节点的工作，切换为新的Master节点，并重新分配虚拟IP地址。这样，即使某个节点发生故障，整个集群仍然可以保持高可用性和连续性。
总之，Keepalived的高可用故障转移原理是基于VRRP协议和健康检查等功能，通过共享虚拟IP地址和切换节点角色来实现故障转移，确保服务的高可用性和连续性。

环境准备：

主机名	ip地址	环境说明
h1（主服务器）	192.168.200.10	部署keepalived和haproxy
h2（备服务器）	192.168.200.20	部署keepalived和haproxy
rs1	192.168.200.30	安装httpd服务
rs2	192.168.200.40	安装httpd服务

h1和h2的VIP为：192.168.200.250

部署haproxy

先在h1和h2主机上部署haproxy负载均衡，部署方法请参考：haproxy-CSDN博客

h1主机访问网页测试

h2主机访问网页测试

keepalived部署

配置epel源（在h1和h2主机上操作）

[root@h1 ~]# yum -y install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@h1 ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@h1 ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@h1 ~]#

安装keepalived（在h1和h2主机上操作）

[root@h1 ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget gcc gcc-c++
[root@h1 ~]# yum -y install keepalived

查看安装生成的文件

[root@h1 ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a
...
[root@h1 ~]#

keepalived配置文件说明

keepalived 的主配置文件是 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {       //全局配置
   notification_email {     //定义报警收件人邮件地址
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc    //定义报警发件人邮箱
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1    //邮箱服务器地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30      //定义邮箱超时时间
   router_id LVS_DEVEL          //定义路由标识信息，同局域网内唯一
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {        //定义实例
    state MASTER            //指定keepalived节点的初始状态，可选值为MASTER|BACKUP
    interface eth0          //VRRP实例绑定的网卡接口，用户发送VRRP包
    virtual_router_id 51    //虚拟路由的ID，同一集群要一致
    priority 100            //定义优先级，按优先级来决定主备角色，优先级越大越优先
    nopreempt               //设置不抢占
    advert_int 1            //主备通讯时间间隔
    authentication {        //配置认证
        auth_type PASS      //认证方式，此处为密码
        auth_pass 1111      //同一集群中的keepalived配置里的此处必须一致，推荐使用8位随机数
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {     //配置要使用的VIP地址
        192.168.200.16
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.16 1358 {    //配置虚拟服务器
    delay_loop 6        //健康检查的时间间隔
    lb_algo rr          //lvs调度算法
    lb_kind NAT         //lvs模式
    persistence_timeout 50      //持久化超时时间，单位是秒
    protocol TCP        //4层协议

    sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358   //定义备用服务器，当所有RS都故障时用sorry_server来响应客户端

    real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 {    //定义真实处理请求的服务器
        weight 1    //给服务器指定权重，默认为1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp    //指定要检查的URL路径
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d   //摘要信息
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url {
              path /testurl3/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            connect_timeout 3       //连接超时时间
            nb_get_retry 3          //get尝试次数
            delay_before_retry 3    //在尝试之前延迟多长时间
        }
    }

keepalived配置

配置主服务器keepalived

将keepalived.conf配置文件做个备份，修改keepalived.conf配置文件，并将不需要的内容删除

[root@h1 ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /opt/
[root@h1 ~]# ls /opt/
keepalived.conf
[root@h1 ~]# 
[root@h1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
[root@h1 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id haproxy01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 80
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind NAT
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.200.10 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.20 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@h1 ~]#

设置keepalived服务开机自启

[root@h1 ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
[root@h1 ~]# 
[root@h1 ~]# ss -anlt
State          Recv-Q         Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                   Peer Address:Port         Process         
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:8189                        0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:111                         0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:80                          0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:22                          0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                               [::]:111                            [::]:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                               [::]:22                             [::]:*                            
[root@h1 ~]#

配置备服务器keepalived

将keepalived.conf配置文件做个备份，把h1主机的keepalived.conf配置文件远程拷贝过来

[root@h2 ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /opt/
[root@h2 ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@h2 keepalived]# 
[root@h2 keepalived]# rm -rf keepalived.conf 
[root@h2 keepalived]# ls
[root@h2 keepalived]# 
[root@h2 keepalived]# scp 192.168.200.10:/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
...
root@192.168.200.10's password: 
keepalived.conf                                                                                     100%  872   652.9KB/s   00:00    
[root@h2 keepalived]# 
[root@h2 keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@h2 keepalived]#

修改keepalived.conf 配置文件，将state后面改成BACKUP，priority后面改低一点就行

[root@h2 keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf 
[root@h2 keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id haproxy02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 80
    priority 80
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind NAT
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.200.10 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.20 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@h2 keepalived]#

同样重启keepalived服务

[root@h2 ~]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
[root@h2 ~]# 
[root@h2 ~]# ss -anlt
State          Recv-Q         Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                   Peer Address:Port         Process         
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:22                          0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:8189                        0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:111                         0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:80                          0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                               [::]:22                             [::]:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                               [::]:111                            [::]:*                            
[root@h2 ~]#

查看VIP

查看主服务器ip，此时VIP在主服务器上

[root@h1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:80:df:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.10/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe80:dfb8/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@h1 ~]#

被服务器中没有VIP

[root@h2 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:18:11:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.20/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe18:118c/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@h2 ~]#

访问网页，成功实现负载均衡

模拟宕机

关闭主服务器的keepalived服务

[root@h1 ~]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@h1 ~]# 
[root@h1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:80:df:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.10/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe80:dfb8/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@h1 ~]#

将主服务器的keepalived关闭后，VIP被备服务器抢了过来

[root@h2 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:18:11:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.20/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe18:118c/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@h2 ~]#

依旧可以访问网页

当再次开启主服务器的keepalived服务，VIP被抢了回来但无法访问网页

[root@h1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@h1 ~]# 
[root@h1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:80:df:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.10/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe80:dfb8/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@h1 ~]#

此时关闭备服务器的haproxy服务，再次访问网页可以正常访问了

[root@h2 ~]# systemctl stop haproxy 
[root@h2 ~]# 
[root@h2 ~]# ss -anlt
State          Recv-Q         Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                   Peer Address:Port         Process         
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:22                          0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:111                         0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                               [::]:22                             [::]:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                               [::]:111                            [::]:*                            
[root@h2 ~]#

配置keepalived脚本监控负载均衡机状态

在主服务器上创建脚本并加上执行权限

[root@h1 ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@h1 ~]# 
[root@h1 ~]# vim /scripts/check_haproxy.sh
[root@h1 ~]# cat /scripts/check_haproxy.sh
#!/bin/bash

haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
        systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@h1 ~]# 
[root@h1 ~]# chmod +x /scripts/check_haproxy.sh
[root@h1 ~]# 
[root@h1 ~]# ll /scripts/
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 153 Oct 15 20:07 check_haproxy.sh
[root@h1 ~]#

编辑主服务器keepalived.conf配置文件，重启服务

[root@h1 ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
[root@h1 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf   
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id haproxy01
}

vrrp_script check_haproxy {
    script "/scripts/check_haproxy.sh" 
    interval 1
    weight -50
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 80
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.250
    }
    track_script {
        check_haproxy
    }
}
...
[root@h1 ~]#
[root@h1 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

在备服务器上创建脚本并加上执行权限

[root@h2 ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@h2 ~]# vim /scripts/notify.sh
[root@h2 ~]# cat /scripts/notify.sh
#!/bin/bash

case "$1" in
  master)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl start haproxy
        fi
  ;;
  backup)
        haproxy_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhaproxy\b'|wc -l)
        if [ $haproxy_status -gt 0 ];then
            systemctl stop haproxy
        fi
  ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage:$0 master|backup"
  ;;
esac
[root@h2 ~]#
[root@h2 ~]# chmod +x /scripts/notify.sh 
[root@h2 ~]# 
[root@h2 ~]# ll /scripts/
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 440 Oct 15 20:29 notify.sh
[root@h2 ~]#

编辑备服务器keepalived.conf配置文件，重启服务

[root@h2 ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
[root@h2 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf   
...
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.200.250
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup"
}
...
[root@h2 ~]# 
[root@h2 ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

模拟宕机

当手动关闭主服务器的haproxy服务，脚本会自动执行停掉keepalived服务

[root@h1 ~]# systemctl stop haproxy     
[root@h1 ~]# 
[root@h1 ~]# systemctl status keepalived 
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2023-10-15 21:02:56 CST; 6s ago
  Process: 25825 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 25826 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
...
[root@h1 ~]#

此时VIP被备服务器抢了过来

[root@h2 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:18:11:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.20/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe18:118c/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@h2 ~]#

当主服务器开启haproxy和keepalived服务时VIP被抢了回来，备服务器上的脚本会自动运行停掉haproxy服务

[root@h1 ~]# systemctl start haproxy 
[root@h1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived 
[root@h1 ~]#  
[root@h1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:80:df:b8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.200.10/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe80:dfb8/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@h1 ~]#

查看备服务器上的haproxy服务状态

[root@h2 ~]# systemctl status haproxy
● haproxy.service - HAProxy Load Balancer
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2023-10-15 21:10:06 CST; 1min 41s ago
  Process: 25704 ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -Ws -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg -p /var/run/haproxy.pid 
...
[root@h2 ~]# 
[root@h2 ~]# 
[root@h2 ~]# ss -anlt
State          Recv-Q         Send-Q                   Local Address:Port                   Peer Address:Port         Process         
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:22                          0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                            0.0.0.0:111                         0.0.0.0:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                               [::]:22                             [::]:*                            
LISTEN         0              128                               [::]:111                            [::]:*                            
[root@h2 ~]#