概念
虚词,一般情况下和名词连用
分类
- 不定冠词(a/an)
- 定冠词(the)
- 零冠词
不定冠词 a/an
不定冠词有a和an两种形式(表泛指:一个)
a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前
a teacher
a university a useful book
a European
an用于发音以元音音素(a e i o u)开头的单词前
an example an hour
an honor an honest boy h不发音
an umbrella
an unusual/unhappy/intresting/important day
用法
1.不定冠词用在可数名词单数前面,表示“一,一个”
2.表示“每一,每个”,相当于per
Take the medicine three times a day
An apple a day keeps the doctor away
3.用在可数名词前,表示一类人或物
Think like a man
4.用于抽象名词(通常不可数)前起具体化的作用
It`s an honor for me to attend this party
The film turned out to be a great success
5.表示“相同”,相当于the same
Jenny and Ethan are nearly of an age
6.用于第一次提到的某人或某物,表示类别中的“某一类人或物中的一个”。
Mr.Luo is a teacher
I saw an elephant in the zoo yesterday
7.用在时间,加个,速度,比率等意义的名词前面,表达“每一,每个”之意。
I decided to meet you twice a day.
An apple a day keeps doctor away.
8."a/an +姓名",相当于“a certain + 姓名”,表示“某一个,某位”,也可以表示“一位“
A Professor Lee was accused of sexual harassment.
A Mr.Zhang called you ten minutes age.
9."a/an+人名",表示“....样的人物”和“某人的作品”
He wants to be a Ma Yun ten years ago,but he wants to be a Lu Xun now.
I want to be a Bill Gates
10."a/an+序数词",相当于“another”,表示“又一,再一”。
This poem is so well written that I want to read it a second time.
He wanted to have a second try.
11.不定冠词用在专有名词前,泛指“该类名词所传达意义中的一个”。
He wants to buy a Kodak.
He got a Benz from his father for his birthday
12.用于某些固定词组中(重点)
take/go for a walk 去散步 a lot of 许多
all of a sudden 突然
in a word 总而言之 have a try 尝试
have a look at ... 看一看 have a rest/break 休息一下
have a good time 玩的愉快
have/get/catch a cold 感冒
make a living 谋生
补充
1.不定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语之前。但位于下列形容词之后:such,what,many,half.
I have never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit for the job
2.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so.too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词放在形容词之后
So short a time.
Too long a distance.
3.在as,though引导让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰名词时,不定冠词要放在形容词后面,即"adj.+a/an+n.+though/as..."
Brave a man though he is,he trenbles at the sight of snakes.
4.当两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同的人或物。但如果前面只有一个形容词有冠词,后一个形容没有冠词,该短语指的一个人或物。
He raised a black and a whit cat 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫
He raised a black and white cat 他养了一只黑白相间的猫
定冠词
定冠词the(表特指)
总体来说表示“这,这个”。无论是可数名词单数或复数,还是不可数名词,都可以用。
1.特指上文已提到的人或物。或双方都知道的人或物。
Do you know the girl with long hair
2.用在世界上独一无二的事情之前
The earth turns around the sun
3.用在形容词或名词前表示这一类人(复数)
the+adj. 主语为复数 the young, the old
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer
4.用于序数词前,表示“第...”
I`m the first one of to come and the last one to leave
5.用在形容词和副词的最高级前,表示“最...”,其中副词最高级前面的定冠词可以省略;当名词前有only,main,sole,same修饰词,前面要用定冠词。
He is the most handsome boy in our class
6.用在姓氏的复数前:“..一家人”
The Greens are so kind to me
7.用于演奏西洋乐器前play the...
play the violin/piano
8.用在same,very,only前构成固定搭配,表示“同样的”,“恰好/正是”,“唯一的”
Actually, we have the same experience
You have the only one I can never forget
9.与名词连用,特指双方都知道的人或物
Mother carved the meat into slices.
Did you give the book to Jim?
10. 定冠词用在可数名词前,表示一类人或东西。
The horse is a useful animal
11.定冠词用于有词组或定语从句修饰的名词前。
He is investigating the case of the fire.
The car in front of house is Mr.Zhang`s
零冠词
1.在星期,月,季,节假,一日三餐前,不用冠词
on Monday in May in spring
e.g. have breakfast
2.在球类,棋类,学科前,不用冠词
e.g. play class,play baseball/basketbass
3.与by连用表示交通方式,不用冠词
I go to work by car
交通方式: on foot, by air/plane/ship/water/bus
4.表示独一无二的职务,身份前一般不用冠词
He was elected chairmen of the cimmittee.
5.在一些地点或机构的名词,如bed,church,school,hospital,home,work等的前面,当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事,不加冠词
go home 回家 go to school 去上学
注意:如果上述词组加上定冠词the,可以表示去这些场所做其他的事
He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.
He went to the church to see the carvings.
6.as/though引导让步状语从句中,如果前置的是名词,名词前不加冠词。
Child as/though she is,she plays the violin perfectly. 尽管是个孩子,但他的小提拉的很好
7.一些习惯用语中名词前不加冠词
at sunrise/noon/midnight/sunset/midday...
arm in arm 臂挽臂/hand in hand 手牵手/neck to neck 并肩/face to face 面对面/endtoend首尾相连/little by little 一点点/day by day 一天天/inch by inch 逐渐/at ease 安逸地/athand临近/at heart 内心/at peace 和平相处/by accident 无意中/by chance 偶然/by heart记住/by surprise出其不意······
其他:
1.有些人一人兼多个身份的情况,只在第一个名词前加冠词,其他几个不在家冠词
A teacher and writer will come to visit our school next tody.
2.系动词turn后如有名词,通常不加冠词,但名词前有形容词修饰时要加冠词
I hope to became a pianist,but I turned teacher.
泛指概念的四种表达方式
1.不带the的不可数名词表示泛指
I like music
2.不带the的副词可数名词表示泛指
Banansa are yellow.
3.“the+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指
The elephant is the largest land mammal.
4.“不定冠词a/an+单数可数名词“可以表示泛指
A dog makes good pet.