英语--冠词

概念

虚词,一般情况下和名词连用

分类

  • 不定冠词(a/an)
  • 定冠词(the)
  • 零冠词

不定冠词 a/an

不定冠词有aan两种形式(表泛指:一个)

a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前

a teacher

a university                  a useful book

a European

an用于发音以元音音素(a e i o u)开头的单词前

an example       an hour

an honor            an honest boy   h不发音

an umbrella

an unusual/unhappy/intresting/important day

 用法

1.不定冠词用在可数名词单数前面,表示“一,一个

2.表示“每一,每个”,相当于per

Take the medicine three times a day

An apple a day keeps the doctor away

3.用在可数名词前,表示一类人或物

Think like a man

4.用于抽象名词(通常不可数)前起具体化的作用

It`s an honor for me to attend this party

 The film turned out to be a great success

 5.表示“相同”,相当于the same

Jenny and Ethan are nearly of an age

 6.用于第一次提到的某人或某物,表示类别中的“某一类人或物中的一个”。

Mr.Luo is a teacher

I saw an elephant in the zoo yesterday

 7.用在时间,加个,速度,比率等意义的名词前面,表达“每一,每个”之意。

I decided to meet you twice a day.

An apple a day keeps doctor away.

8."a/an +姓名",相当于“a certain + 姓名”,表示“某一个,某位”,也可以表示“一位“

A Professor Lee was accused of sexual harassment.

A Mr.Zhang called you ten minutes age.

9."a/an+人名",表示“....样的人物”和“某人的作品”

He wants to be a Ma Yun ten years ago,but he wants to be a Lu Xun now.

I want to be a Bill Gates

10."a/an+序数词",相当于“another”,表示“又一,再一”。

This poem is so well written that I want to read it a second time.

He wanted to have a second try.

 11.不定冠词用在专有名词前,泛指“该类名词所传达意义中的一个”。

He wants to buy a Kodak.

He got a Benz from his father for his birthday

12.用于某些固定词组中(重点)

take/go for a walk  去散步     a lot of 许多

all of a sudden 突然             

in a word  总而言之               have a try 尝试

have a look at ...  看一看       have a rest/break  休息一下

have a good time  玩的愉快

have/get/catch a cold 感冒

make a living   谋生

 补充

1.不定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语之前。但位于下列形容词之后:such,what,many,half.

I have never seen such an animal.

Many a man is fit for the job

2.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so.too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词放在形容词之后

So short a time.

Too long a distance.

3.在as,though引导让步状语从句中,当表语为形容词修饰名词时,不定冠词要放在形容词后面,即"adj.+a/an+n.+though/as..."

  Brave a man though he is,he trenbles at the sight of snakes.

 4.当两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同的人或物。但如果前面只有一个形容词有冠词,后一个形容没有冠词,该短语指的一个人或物。

He raised a black and a whit cat  他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫

He raised a black and white cat    他养了一只黑白相间的猫

定冠词

定冠词the(表特指

总体来说表示“这,这个”。无论是可数名词数或数,还是不可数名词,都可以用。

1.特指上文已提到的人或物。或双方都知道的人或物。

Do you know the girl with long hair

2.用在世界上独一无二的事情之前

The earth turns around the sun

3.用在形容词或名词前表示这一类人(复数)

the+adj.  主语为复数   the young, the old

The rich get richer and the poor get poorer

4.用于序数词前,表示“第...”

I`m the first one of to come and the last one to leave

5.用在形容词和副词的最高级前,表示“最...”,其中副词最高级前面的定冠词可以省略;当名词前有only,main,sole,same修饰词,前面要用定冠词。

He is the most handsome boy in our class

 6.用在姓氏的复数前:“..一家人”

The Greens are so kind to me

7.用于演奏西洋乐器前play the...

play the violin/piano 

 8.用在same,very,only前构成固定搭配,表示“同样的”,“恰好/正是”,“唯一的

Actually, we have the same experience

You have the only one I can never forget

9.与名词连用,特指双方都知道的人或物

Mother carved the meat into slices.

Did you give the book to Jim?

10. 定冠词用在可数名词前,表示一类人或东西。

The horse is a useful animal

 11.定冠词用于有词组或定语从句修饰的名词前。

He is investigating the case of the fire.

The car in front of house is Mr.Zhang`s

 零冠词

 1.在星期,月,季,节假,一日三餐前,不用冠词

on Monday        in May      in spring

e.g. have breakfast

2.在球类,棋类,学科前,不用冠词

e.g. play class,play baseball/basketbass

3.与by连用表示交通方式,不用冠词

I go to work by car

交通方式: on foot, by air/plane/ship/water/bus

4.表示独一无二的职务,身份前一般不用冠词

He was elected chairmen of the cimmittee.

5.在一些地点或机构的名词,如bed,church,school,hospital,home,work等的前面,当人们去这些地方做在这些地方应该做的事,不加冠词

go home 回家         go to school  去上学

注意:如果上述词组加上定冠词the,可以表示去这些场所做其他的事

He came to the school to speak to the headmaster.

He went to the church to see the carvings.

 6.as/though引导让步状语从句中,如果前置的是名词,名词前不加冠词。

Child as/though she is,she plays the violin perfectly. 尽管是个孩子,但他的小提拉的很好

7.一些习惯用语中名词前不加冠词

at sunrise/noon/midnight/sunset/midday...
arm in arm 臂挽臂/hand in hand 手牵手/neck to neck 并肩/face to face 面对面/endtoend首尾相连/little by little 一点点/day by day 一天天/inch by inch 逐渐/at ease 安逸地/athand临近/at heart 内心/at peace 和平相处/by accident 无意中/by chance 偶然/by heart记住/by surprise出其不意······

 其他:

1.有些人一人兼多个身份的情况,只在第一个名词前加冠词,其他几个不在家冠词

A teacher and writer will come to visit our school next tody.

2.系动词turn后如有名词,通常不加冠词,但名词前有形容词修饰时要加冠词

I hope to became a pianist,but I turned teacher.

 泛指概念的四种表达方式

1.不带the的不可数名词表示泛指

I like music

2.不带the的副词可数名词表示泛指

Banansa are yellow.

3.“the+单数可数名词”可以表示泛指

The elephant is the largest land mammal.

4.“不定冠词a/an+单数可数名词“可以表示泛指

A dog makes good pet.

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