形容词,副词考点:
- 比较级句式
- 其他句式
- 词义辨析
- 形容词+介词 短语
形容词
概念
用来描写或修饰名词或代词,说明人或事物的归属感性质,状态,大小或数量的词。
beatiful wonderful successful
careful useful hopeful
careless useless hopeless
personal national international
用法
1.常用于名词前,常放在系动词之后
常见的系动词:
- be动词(是...)
- 感官动词:look,sound,smell,taste,feel
- 变化类: become/get/turn
- 保持类: keep/stay/remain
- "似乎": seem/appear
She is a nice girl
She is nice
2.感官动词+adj.
常用于物做主语,一般现在时,不用被动(无进行,无被动)
look,sound,smell,taste,feel
1.You look beautiful/sad/happy.
2.It sounds interesting.
3.The cake tastes delictous
3.This kind of cloth feels very soft
Smell Smelly(臭的),Taste Tasty(美味的) 闻着臭,吃着香
3.形容词作定语修饰名词时,放在名词的前面
前置定语:adj+n
Xian is an attractive city
4.以-ing和-ed为结尾的形容词
I was surprised to see him there
He gave me some surprising new
We are deeply moved by the moving speech
例:
主语:人 | 主语:物 |
形容人“感到...” | 形容物:“让人感到...” |
surprised | surprising |
excited | exciting |
borned | boring |
interested | interesting |
disappointed | disappointing |
moved | moving |
多个形容词排序
限(冠词/数词/形代物)
观(观点形容词 beautiful/beautiful...)
形 (大小形状small/long/short/round...)
龄(年龄新旧old/young/new...)
色(颜色red/green/yellow...)
国(国籍出处Chinese/English/American...)
材(材料质地 plastic/glass/wooden/stone...)
比较级
1.单音节单词和少部分双音节单词末尾+er/est(规则变化)
tall--taller--tallest
short--shorter--shortest
strong--stronger--strongest
2.以e结尾的,直接加r/st
brave--braver--bravest
nice--nicer--nicest
3.重读辅原辅结尾的,双写尾字母,在加er/est
big--bigger--biggest
thin--thinner--thinnest
fat--fatter--fattest
hot--hotter--hostest 大胖热湿瘦
wet--wetter-wetest
sad--sadder--saddest
red--redder--reddest
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i加er/est
happy--happier--happiest
early--earlier--earliest
busy--busier--busiest
healthy--healthier--healthiest
5.部分双音节单词和多音节单词
在其前面加more/the most: ful/ed/ing结尾的adj
beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful
difficult ---more difficult --the most difficult
important--more important--the most important
interesting--more interesting--the mosr interesting
6.不规则比较级
翻译 | 原型 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
好 | good/well adj.身体好 | better | best |
坏 | bad/badly/ill | worse | worst |
多 | many/much | more | most |
少 | little | less | least |
far--father 更远的(距离),常与than连用
far--further 进一步的,程度加深
I want to climb higher,go farther,dive deeper, and experience more
I want to go abroad for further study.
old--older--oldest 年龄上的大小,旧的,常与than连用
--elder--eldest 辈分,长幼
The elder brother(表明大哥的身份) is four years older (指年纪较大) than the younger one
older常与than连用
副词
概念
副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词,形容词,其他副词以及全句,表示时间,地点,程度,方式等的概念 。(...的)
总结:形修名,副修动。
She is beautiful
She is sings very beautiful
Unluckily,my brother fell off his bike and hurt his leg
基本用法
1.v.+adv./adv.+v.
I clearly remembered that day.
The cats catch a fish easily .
2.adv.+adj./adv.
The room became quite quie t.
The dog runs very quickly.
3.adv.,+句子.
Luckily,we got to the station in time.
形容词与副词关系
1.一般形容词后面直接加ly(大部分)
quick--quickly real--really careful--carefully
2.以辅音字母(a e i o u)加y结尾的形容词,把y变i加ly
easy--easily happy--happily healthy--healthily
3.以e结尾的形容词,大部分直接加ly变成副词
wide--widely complete--completely 完全地,彻底地
rude--rudely safe--safely
4.部分则去e加ly或y
possible--possibly probable--probably
simple--simply 仅仅 true--truly 如实的
5.不一定以ly结尾的就是副词
friendly 友好的
lovely 可爱的 cure
lonely 孤独的 alone(adv.独自)
lively 生动的 a lively story
有活力的 a lively young woman
likely 有可能的 adj.adv. be likely to do
6.形副---一体词
well adj:身体好,健康的
adv. 很好的 do well in ... 在...做的好
fast 快的,快速的
early adj early bird adv. get up early
late adj. 晚的,迟的 adv.晚
副词辨析
hard
adj. 难得;坚固的;猛烈的
adv. 努力的 work hard,try hard
hardly 几乎不(否定词)
I can hardly believe you
nearly 几乎
Hurry up,we`re nearly late
widely adv. 广泛的,普遍的
English is widely used
highly adv.极高的,钦佩的(抽象)
We speak highly of him.
副词排序
方式副词--地点副词--时间副词 (由小到大)
She sang vey beautifually (方式) in the hall(地点) at ten last night(时间)。
句型应用
形容词/副词的同级比较
肯定句:as + adj/adv原型 + as 比...
否定句:not as/so + adj/adv原型 + as 不及...
She is as beautiful as her sister
We are as happy as brids
This building is not as/so tall as that one
同级比较as adj. + n. as
A is as + adj/adv 原形 + (a/an+n)as B
She is as beautiful a girl as her sister
She is a girl as beautiful as her sister
I don`t want a car as expensive as this
I don`t want as expensive a car as this
越来越...
比较级 + and + 比较级(单音节)
more and more + 原形(多音节)
The horse runs faster and faster
It`s getting hotter and hotter
She is more and more beautiful
越...就越...
The + 比较级 + 主 + 谓,the + 比较级 + 主 + 谓
The higher,the colder
The more you give,the more you get
The harder you work,the luckier you will be
A 比 B ...
A + v.+ 比较级 + than + B
A be 比较级 than B A比B...
Blood is thicker than water
The Yangtze river is longer than theYellow River
much,a lot,far(更,远远多于) 三多
a little,a bit 有点 两少
even 甚至 一甚至
She is even/much stronger than before
It`s much colder than it was yesterday
It turned out to be far better than I had expected
含蓄比较:to结构
1.A +be senior to + B A比B资深/年长
2. A +be junior to + B A比B年幼
senior/junior high school
He is three years senior/junior to me
1.A + be inferior to + B A劣于B
2,A + be superior(更强的,更好的) to + B A优于B
3.A + be prior to + B A优先于B
This computer is superior to that one
比较级句型
A比B(的多...)... | A + v.+(三多两少一甚至)比较级+than+B |
越来越... | 比较级 + and + 比较级 (单音节) more than more + 原形 (多音节) |
越...,就越... | the +比较级...,the + 比较级... |
含蓄比较 | A +be senior to + B A比B资深/年长 A +be junior to + B A比B年幼 A + be inferior to + B A劣于B A + be superior(更强的,更好的) to + B A优于B A + be prior to + B A优先于B |
最高级用法
1.范围内...>=3
Boy is the tallest boy in our school
He is the kindest man that I have ever met
She is the most careful student of us three
2.第几最...
the + 序数词: 第...
the + 形容词最高级: 最
the + 序数词 + 最高级:第...最
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China
The Yellow River is the fifth longest river in the world
3.最...之一
one of the + adj.最高级 + 名词(复)
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in the world
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China
4.the + 形容词最高级/副词最高级(the可省略)+ in/of ,,,
Bob is the tallest boy in our school.
Li Tao jumps (the) farthest of all.
5.这是某人做过最...
This/It is the + 最高级 + n. + that sb.have/has (ever) done
He is the kindest man that I have ever met.
最高级的句型
在...中最... | the + 形容词/副词最高级 + in/of |
第...最... | the +序数词+最高级 |
最...之一 | one of the + adj.最高级 + 名词(复) |
这是某人做过最... | This/It is the + 最高级 + n. + that sb.have/has (ever) done |
补充
so/such
名前such,形副so,多多少少还用so
so+adj/adv... 如此...
such 如此...的物
You`re so smart/nice
It is such a lovely place
such:如此...的(某物n.)
such + (a/an) + adj. + n.(单/复/不可数)
You`re such a diligent student
It`s such an interesting book
such + ...... n.名词(单/复/不可数)
such + (a/an) + adj. + n.(单/复/不可数)
such + a(an) + adj. + n.单数
such a hot day
such + adj. +n复数
such hot days
such + adj. + UN.不可数
such good weather
so 如此...
so+adj/adv.
You`re so smart/nice
She looks so beautiful
He runs so fast!
so + adj + a/an + n 单数
He is so smart (a boy). = He is such a smart boy
so hot day = such a hot day
so interesting a book = such an interesting book
so + many/much/few/little +n.复/不可数
He has so many friends
so/such...that
1.so + adj./adv....that 如此...以至于...
2.so + adj.+ a/an +n 单数 that 如此...的一个某物,以至于
3.such + (a/an) + adj. + n 单数/复数/不可数 that
总结:
只有形容词/副词:so + adj./adv.
修饰不可数/复数名词时: such + adj. + n
修饰单数名词:such + (a/an) + adj. + n = so + adj.+ a/an +n 单数
so many? so few?
复数或不可数名词前有many,few,much,litter修饰时,只能so而不用such,这一种固定用法
so + many(few) + 复数名词
so + much(little)+ 不可数名词
so many/so few books
so much/so litter milk
too,much,too much,much too
much too +adj./adv. 太...
too much + n.不可数 太多的...
too many + n.复数 太多的...
too + adj./adv. 太(过于)...
You are too young
This cake is too sweet
He is too careless
much: adj.许多的(不可数名词); adv. 很
much 修饰 too: much too = too
too 修饰 much: too much = much
much too = too + adj. (太过于...)
too much - much + 不可数名词(太多...)
too + adj to do sth 太(+adj.)...而不能
much too adj to do sth 太过于...而不能
This cup of water is too hot to drink
enough
adj.: 足够多的...+名词
enough + n.
enough water/time
adv.: 足以... 修饰adj./adv.时,后置
adj./adv.+ enough
good/strong enough
sb is adj.+(enough) to do sth
某人足以...去做...
We are strong (enough) to beat them
some time,some times,sometimes,sometime
some time 一段时间 for some time 持续一段时间 | some times 好几次 |
sometimes 有时,一段时间 一般现在时 | sometime (不确切的)某个时间 |
I will stay in Xi`an for some time
I have read this book some times
I sometimes go swimming with my friends
I will visit my aunt sometime next week