介词考点:
- 时间/地点介词的用法: at,in,on
- 介词短语固定搭配
概念
介词,虚词,和名词及其同等词连用,表示与其他词或短语之间的关系的词
分类
按结构分类
单一介词
in,on,to,at,by,from,with,like,against,between...
合成介词
into,upon,outside,within,without
按意义分类
时间介词
1.at + 在某一时刻(点)/三餐
at six o`clock at breakfast
at the age of... at night
at present 目前 at the moment 此刻,此时
at the end of (在...结束时/结尾)
2.in + 年/月/季 早中晚
in 2018 in May in summer in the end 最终
in the morning/afternoon/evening
in + 段时间 (在...期间/在...之后)表示从现在算起的一段时间之后。用于将来时或含有将来意义句子
in these two years (在这两年期间)
in two years (在两年后) 常用于一般将来时 will do
His father will be back from London in a few days
He`ll be back in three days
after+时间段,表示过去的一段时间为起点的一段时间以后。用于过去时态
He come back after seven days。七天后,他回来了
after+时间点,表示将来的一段时间之后。用于将来时态。
He will back home after eleven o’clock。他将在11点的时候回家。
3.on + 两期:星期,假期
一天:具体某天或有修饰语的早下晚
on Tuesday on holiday/vacation on June 1st
on the morning of June 1st
in the morning 后面不能跟东西
on a cold morning
4.for + 时间段 "持续了......” (常和完成时连用)
for some time 持续了一段时间
I did my homework for two hours last day
I have lived in Xi`an for 6 years
5.since + 过去的时间(点)"自从过去"(常与完成时连用)
I have lived in Xi`an since 2015.
I have lived in Xi`an since 7 years ago.
6.by + 时间点:截止到...事件之前 (常和完成时连用)
Please hand in your homework by next Mondy.
By last Friday,she had stayed here for a whole month.
7.其他介词
before (在...之前) before ten o`clock
after (在...之后) after breakfast
during (在...期间) during my summer holiday
时间介词 | |
at | 时间点/餐 |
in | 年/月/季/上/下/晚上 +段时间(在...期间/之后)(一般将来时) |
on | 两期一日/具体哪天 |
for since | for + 时间段:持续...多久 since + 时间段:自从过去... |
by | 时间点: 截至到...事件之前 |
before after | 在...之前/以后 |
during | 在...期间 |
空间介词
1.小地方还是大地方
at 在......(小地方/机场/区/家等)
at home/school at the airport
in 在......里面;在......(大地方,洲,国家,省市等)
We are in the classroom now
She lives in Beijing,China
to 表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔
Japan lies to the east of China
off 表示“离......有一些距离或离....不远的海上”
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
2.在上面还是上方 on over above
over 正上方,遍及,翻越,越过,超过
They`re tarvelled all over the world 遍及
The game is designed for children over 6 years old 超过
The boys climbed over the all 翻越
介词短语
look over 检查 look into 调查 look up 查(字典)
think over 仔细考虑
take over 接管 hand over 移接/交接
get over 克服,恢复
run over 略读,浏览 look through
3.前面&前方 in front to
in front of 在...前面 (外部)
in the front of 在...前面(内部)
The dogs are in front of the car
The driver is in the front of the car
4.behind 在...的后面,落后于
drop behind 落...之后 fall behind 落后
There is a basketball behind the door
5.on the left/right 在...左边/右边
You can see the museum on the/your right
6.穿过 表面还是内部
across 从物体表面横过,穿过
go across the street 穿过大街
through 从物体的内部或者一定范围内穿过
注意: in/on/to区分
in 在内部
on 有接壤
其他介词
on其他介词含义
- 在(运输⼯具)上(在⾼处)
- 关于(在某个话题上)
- 带着;有(在身上)
- (表示⽅向)在,向,对
- 根据;由于(基于……之上
- 以……为⽣(基于……之上,靠……)
- 由……⽀付(靠……)
- 通过;使⽤;借助于(基于……之上,靠……)
- 处于某种状态(在……上,接触)
in其他介词含义
- 穿着;戴着(在⾐服⾥)
- 参与(在其中)
- 从事……⼯作或职业(在某个⾏业⾥)
- .在……⽅⾯(在……事⾥)
- 做……时(在……事⾥)
- 表示使⽤的语⾔、材料、⽅式等(处于某种语⾔、材料、⽅式中)
at其他借此含义
- 在……⽅⾯(点,在……点上)
- 处于…状态(点,在……点上)
- 朝向(点)
- 在……远;从相隔……远的地⽅(点,朝某点的距离)
for的介词含义
- 表目的,意为为了
- 表利益,意为为
- 表用途,意为用来
- 表原因理由,意为因为、由于
- 表目标、去向,意为去
- 表时间、距离、数量等,意为达、计
- 表支持、赞成,意为同意、赞成
with (与...一起/具有/使用)
share with sb; agree with s.
compare A with B 与...比较
with the development to ... 随着什么的发展
He has a house with(伴随) a small garden
We cut the meat with(使用) knife
- 随着
- 带有(可以作定语,也可以表伴随)
- 用(表示使用工具或器具)
- 因为;由于
- 用以表示方式、情况、环境或条件
- 尽管
without(没有,不具有)
Fish would die without water
Without your help,I can`t do it
without a word 一声不吭
without doubt 毫无疑问
by(通过...方式/交通方式/人)(通过...由/被...)
by bus/waster,by oneself 独自
by + 人(由/被...)
Pandas are loved by many people around the world
by + 时间 (截至...之前)
I have to finish the work by next month
by + 地点 (在...旁边)
I like to have a walk by the lake
by nature 天生的;生性
She is very sensitive by nature
by mistakes 错误的
I took you bag instead of(而不是,取而代之) mine by mistake
by accident 偶然;意外的
by chance 偶然;偶尔;意外的
Success in life doesn`t happen by accidentabount(关于,对于)
know about 了解
care about 关心...
as,like像
like作介词表示:“像...,如同”
look like + 宾语 看起来像
sound like 听起来像...
be like + 宾语 像...
Life is like a box of chocolate, you never konw what you going to get
as "作为(职业/身份),像..."
as a teacher/student
be famous as ... 作为...而出名
He is famous as a singer rather than an actor
as for/to 关于,至于; as for me 依我之见
as...(adj./adv.原形)as 和...一样
as well 也(句末),the same as 和...一样
as usual 像往常一样
As we all know,众所周知 As is know to all,
For instance,as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell
补充
besides,except,except for,except that
besides 处理...以外,还有(包含...)
Every is here besides Jack
except 除了...(不包含)同类
Everyone is here except Jack
All went out except me
except for 除了...(不同类)细节说明
The paper is good except for a few mistakes
except和except for是介词,后面接名词或名词短语
except that 后面需加从句(完整的句子--主语 谓语)
His writing is good except for a few spelling mistakes
= His writing is good except that are a few spelling mistakes
之间between 2者 & among >=3
between A and B
read between the lines 读透字里行间的含义 体会言外之意
among 在...之中 among people
They walked among the crowed in Red Square
超越 over beyond
over 在...之上,超过,翻越(地点)
go over the wall / mountain
beyond 超过;越过(抽象的) beyond sb
beyond one`s power 力所能及
beyond the reach of 超过...的理解力
beyond question/doubt 毫无疑问
beyond belief 难以置信
表示材料的介词
of表示从成品仍可看出原料(物理变化);
from表示从成品中已看不出原来(化学变化);
This salad is made of apples and strawberries
Bread in made from wheat.
in 表示“用...材料”时,材料前不用冠词,此外,in后面加上语言,声音,衣着时,常与write,speak,talk,answer 等连用
Please fill in the form in pencil first.
They talk in English.
after和behind
after主要是指时间的先后次序,常用以指顺序,意为“跟在…之后”、“接着”、“接连”,侧重指追求、寻找、模仿等
Lily decided to visit her friend after 8am.Lily
behind主要指位置的前后,则表示“隐匿在后”、“背着”或“遗留在后”之意,侧重指在背后、支持、落后等。
The national stadium is located behind the hill
for和of
for可以用于表示目的、目标、利益或接受者。
I bought this book for you
of用于表示某物的特征或成分
"a cup of tea"(一杯茶),这里的 "of" 表示这杯茶的成分是茶。另外,"of" 还可以表示归属关系
except和besides
except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的。
We all went except him. 除他之外,我们都去了。(他没有去)
besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的。
We all went besides him. 除他之外,我们大家也都去了。(他也去了)