英语--虚拟语气

高频考点

1.if引导虚拟条件句（三种时态）/省if，倒装

2用if条件   主句看齐（wcsm--as if wish/`d rather , 含蓄without)

3.should系列：建议 省/不可省 it`s times

定义

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望，假想，怀疑和推测，而不是客观存在的事实。

关键是：与事实相反或不太可能发生

形式：通过谓语动词的特殊式来表示

If I were Wang Sicong,I would do nothing but count money on the bed.

if/as if/if only引导的非真实性条件句

表示说话人的要求，命令，建议等（常用在名词性从句中，should do应该......）

分类

 虚拟条件if

if: 可真是，可虚拟

时间	从句谓语	主句谓语
对现在的虚拟	动词过去式 （be动词用were）	would/should/might/could +动词原形
对过去的虚拟	had done	would/should/might/could +have done
对将来的虚拟	动词过去式 were to +动词原形 should + 动词原形	would/should/might/could +动词原形

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况很有可能发生，其中if表示“如果”的意思

if引导的条件状语从句：主将从现

I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrows.

表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的，采用虚拟语气。  if（要是...就好了）

与现在事实相反

	if虚拟条件句	主句
与现在事实 相反	If + 主+ 动词过去式 did (be:were) 一般过去式	主句+would/should/might/could +动词原形

If + 主 + did/were,主句would/should/might/could+动词原形

If I were you,I would study harder.

If I knew her number,I could phone her.

与过去事实相反

	if虚拟条件句	主句
与过去事实 相反	If + 主 + had done 过去完成时	主句+would/should/might/could + have done

 If + 主 + had done,主句would/should/might/could+have done

 If I had got up early this morning,I could have caught the bus !

 If I had met you before,I would have done better.

与将来事实可能相反

If + 主 + did/were to do/should do,主句would/should/might/could+ 动词原形

If I did/should do/were to do the work next time,I would do it in another way.

 错综时间中的虚拟语气

从句做从句，主句做主句

If I were you,I wouldn`t have missed the film last night.(从句-现在，主句-过去)

 If they had left home earlier yesterday,they would arrive in half an hour.(从句--过去，主句--将来)

 省略if的情况

如果虚拟条件从句中有were/had 或 should，可以把if省略，把助/be情放在主句之前，

构成部分倒装：助be情+主+谓语动词

正常句式：主 + 助/be情态动词+谓语动词

	if 虚拟条件句 正常句式	条件句省if倒装 were/had/should提句首
现在相反	If I were you	Were + 主语
过去相反	If + 主语 + had + done	Had + 主语 + done
将来相反	If + 主 + were to do If + 主 + should do	Were + 主语 to do Should + 主语 do

 省略if，将were/had/should提到句首

                  现在/过去/将来

If I were you,I would refuse.

Were I you,I would refuse.

从句中的虚拟语气

• if only
• as if/as though
• wish (that) 从句
• would rather (that) 从句

关键词	时间	从句谓语
wish as if/as though if only	对现在的虚拟	过去式（be动词用were）
	对过去的虚拟	had done
	对将来的虚拟	would/should/might/could do (wish: 无should)
would rather	对现在/将来的虚拟	过去式（be动词用were）
	对过去的虚拟	had done

If only...!

要是......就好了！

If only it stopped raining now !

If only I were ten years younger !

	时态	相当于
与现在事实相反	一般过去时(did)/were	if 条件句
与过去事实相反	过去完成时(had done)	if 条件句
与未来事实相反	would/could/might/should do	if 主句

 as if/as though 

就好像/仿佛≈if 条件句

	时态	相当于
与现在事实相反	一般过去时(did)/were	if 条件句
与过去事实相反	过去完成时(had done)	if 条件句
与未来事实相反	would/could/might/should do	if 条件句

He talks as if he knew everything.

She talked about the film as if she had seen it.

wish的宾语从句

wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望。（多希望 ≈ if条件句）

wish (that) 从句...... did/were,had done

	时态	相当于
与现在事实相反	一般过去时(did)/were	if 条件句
与过去事实相反	过去完成时(had done)	if 条件句
与未来事实相反	would/could/might do 不用should

I wish you were here right now.

 would rather

宁愿.....≈ if 条件句

`d rather (that) 从句...did/were,had done

I would rather you returned me my money now.

I would rather we hadn`t told her the bad news last night.

so did ... 与现在或将来情况相反

so had done ... 与过去情况相反 ≈ if 条件句2

should用法

(should) do 可省

1.主语 + V + that 宾语从句(should) + 动词原形

表“建议 要求”的动词

She advised that I (should) save some money.

She insisted that all the seats (should) be booked in advance. 建议/要求/坚持认为...应该...

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 一“坚持”（insist）

二“命令” （order,command）

四“建议” （advise,suggest,propose,recommend）

五“要求”（ask,demand,require,request,desire）

+ (that) 主语 （should） do ... 应该......

关键字口诀：

一个坚持两命令  insist,order/command

四种建议五要求  advise/suggest/recommand/propose,require/request/ask/demand/desire

重要迫切有必有 important/imperative/urgent/necessary

惊讶惋惜本应该 surprising/pity

还有唯恐与以防 for fear that/in case/lest（不能省略should）

注意：口诀中的单词其他形式也符合此用法

无论主句谓语动词为何种时态

从句的谓语动词都用：（should）+ do，should可省

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	建议类should	省should
肯定	should do should be	do be
否定	should not do should not be	not do not be
被动 否定被动	should be done should not be done	be done not be done

2.It is/was + adj. + that + 主语 + (should) +动词原形

adj:important 重要的/appropriate合适的

necessary 必需的/instant 紧迫的 / vital 至关重要的

imperative 必要的 desirable 可取的

It is important that we (should) learn the lesson well.

 3.It is/was + 名词 + that + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形

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suggestion / advice / demand 

requirement 要求 / order 命令...

---

It is her suggestion that she (should) take a rest after two days` work

 4.It is/was + done + that + 主语 + (should) +动词原形

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be done: suggested / demanded /required /ordered...

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It is suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once.

 should 不省

It is (high/about) time (that) "是时候应该..."

1.sb.should do （should）不可省略

2.sb.did    （过去式）

It is (high/about) time that we took /should take measures to protect the environment

	it is time... should	无should： did 一般过去时
肯定	should do	did 过去式
否定	should not do	didn`t
被动 否定被动	should be done should not be done	was/were done was/were not done

含蓄条件句

部分引导词来替代if条件句。常见引导词：

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 but for / but that 要不是

 without 假如没有，with 假如是

otherwise,or 否则 （+主句）

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Without air and water,there would be no living things on the earth. 主句

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引导词代替if

otherwise,or,but for,but that,without,with + 主句 = if 主句

对现在/将来假设：should/could/might/would do

对过去假设： should/could/might/would have done

I was busy that day.otherwise(否则)，I would have taken part in the sports meet.

Without(若没有) you,we might not be successful.

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