【算法】多态案例

1.初步了解多态-计算器类

---

• 传统写法：
  if与else if
• 多态写法：
  虚函数+继承类
  主函数：父类 *p = new 子类函数
• 好处：
  1.组织结构清晰
  2.可读性强
  3.对前期和后期扩展以及维护性高（开发中，提倡开闭原则：对拓展进行开发，对修改进行关闭）

示例：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
/*多态案例-计算器类 
分别用普通写法和多态写法设计计算器类 
*/ 
//普通写法 
//class Calculator{
//	public:
//		int getResult(string oper){
//			if(oper == "+"){
//				return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
//			}
//			else if(oper == "-"){
//				return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
//			}
//			else if(oper == "*"){
//				return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
//			}
//		}
//		int m_Num1;
//		int m_Num2;
//}; 
//void test01(){
//	//创建计算器对象
//	Calculator c;
//	c.m_Num1 = 10;
//	c.m_Num2 = 10; 
//	
//	cout<<c.m_Num1<<"+"<<c.m_Num2<<"="<<c.getResult("+")<<endl; 
//	cout<<c.m_Num1<<"-"<<c.m_Num2<<"="<<c.getResult("-")<<endl;
//	cout<<c.m_Num1<<"*"<<c.m_Num2<<"="<<c.getResult("*")<<endl;
//}
//int main(){
//	
//	return 0;
//}
 
//多态写法

//实现计算器抽象类
class AbstractCalculator{
	public:
		virtual int getResult(){
			return 0;
		}
		
		int m_Num1;
		int m_Num2;
}; 
//加法计算器类
class AddCalculator: public AbstractCalculator{
	public:
		int getResult(){
			return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
		}
};
//减法计算器类
class SubCalculator: public AbstractCalculator{
	public:
		int getResult(){
			return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
		}
};
//乘法计算器类
class MulCalculator: public AbstractCalculator{
	public:
		int getResult(){
			return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
		}
};
void test02(){
	//多态使用条件：父类指针或者引用指向子类对象
	
	//加法运算
	AbstractCalculator *abc = new AddCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 100;
	abc->m_Num2 = 100;
	
	cout<<abc->m_Num1<<"+"<<abc->m_Num2<<"="<<abc->getResult()<<endl;
	//用完后记得销毁
	delete abc;
	
	//减法运算
	abc = new SubCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 100;
	abc->m_Num2 = 100;
	
	cout<<abc->m_Num1<<"-"<<abc->m_Num2<<"="<<abc->getResult()<<endl;
	delete abc;
	
	//乘法运算
	abc = new MulCalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 100;
	abc->m_Num2 = 100;
	
	cout<<abc->m_Num1<<"*"<<abc->m_Num2<<"="<<abc->getResult()<<endl;
	delete abc;
}
int main(){
	test02();
	return 0;
}

2. 多态接口–制作饮品

---

• 同一接口，制作不同饮品，子类父类交叉应用
• 手动开辟，手动释放，防止内存泄露

示例：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//多态案例-制作饮品 
class AbstractDrinking{
	public:
		//煮水
		virtual void Boil() = 0;
		//冲泡
		virtual void Brew() = 0;
		//倒入杯中
		virtual void PourInCup() = 0;
		//加入辅料
		virtual void PutSomething() = 0;
		//制作饮品
		void makeDrink(){
			Boil();
			Brew();
			PourInCup();
			PutSomething();
		} 
};

//制作咖啡
class Coffee: public AbstractDrinking{
	public:
		//煮水
		virtual void Boil(){
			cout<<"煮农夫山泉"<<endl;
		} 
		//冲泡
		virtual void Brew(){
			cout<<"冲泡咖啡"<<endl;	
		}
		//倒入杯中
		virtual void PourInCup(){
			cout<<"倒入杯中"<<endl;
		}
		//加入辅料
		virtual void PutSomething(){
			cout<<"加入糖和牛奶"<<endl;
		}
};
//制作茶 
class Tea: public AbstractDrinking{
	public:
		//煮水
		virtual void Boil(){
			cout<<"煮矿泉水"<<endl;
		} 
		//冲泡
		virtual void Brew(){
			cout<<"冲泡茶叶"<<endl;	
		}
		//倒入杯中
		virtual void PourInCup(){
			cout<<"倒入杯中"<<endl;
		}
		//加入辅料
		virtual void PutSomething(){
			cout<<"加入枸杞"<<endl;
		}
};
//制作函数 
void doWork(AbstractDrinking * abs){
	abs->makeDrink(); 
	delete abs;//释放 
}

void test01(){
	//制作咖啡
	doWork(new Coffee);
	
	cout<<"---------------"<<endl;
	//制作茶叶
	doWork(new Tea); 
}
int main(){
	//实现子类父类交叉应用 
	test01();
	return 0;
} 

混合接口–电脑组装具体实现

示例：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//抽象不同零件类
//抽象CPU类
class CPU{
	public:
		virtual void calculate() = 0;
}; 
//抽象显卡类
class VideoCard{
	public:
		virtual void calculate() = 0;
}; 
//抽象内存条类
class Memory{
	public:
		virtual void display() = 0;
}; 

//电脑类
class Computer{
	public:
		Computer(CPU *cpu,VideoCard *vc,Memory *men){
			m_cpu = cpu;
			m_vc = vc;
			m_men = men;
		}
		//提供工作的函数
		void work(){
			m_cpu->calculate();
			m_vc->calculate();
			m_men->display();
		} 
		//提供析构函数 释放3个电脑零件
		~Computer(){
			if(m_cpu!=NULL){
				delete m_cpu;
			}
			if(m_vc!=NULL){
				delete m_vc;
			}
			if(m_men!=NULL){
				delete m_men;
			}
		} 
		
	private:
		CPU *m_cpu;//CPU的零件指针
		VideoCard *m_vc;//显卡的零件指针
		Memory *m_men;//内存条的零件指针
		 
}; 
//具体产商
//Intel产商
class IntelCPU:public CPU{
	public:
		virtual void calculate(){
			cout<<"Intel的CPU开始工作了"<<endl;
		}
}; 
class IntelVideoCard:public VideoCard{
	public:
		virtual void calculate(){
			cout<<"Intel的VideoCard开始工作了"<<endl;
		}
}; 
class IntelMemory:public Memory{//IntelMemory
	public:
		virtual void display(){
			cout<<"Intel的Memory开始工作了"<<endl;
		}
}; 
//Lenovo产商
class LenovoCPU:public CPU{
	public:
		virtual void calculate(){
			cout<<"Lenovo的CPU开始工作了"<<endl;
		}
}; 
class LenovoVideoCard:public VideoCard{
	public:
		virtual void calculate(){
			cout<<"Lenovo的VideoCard开始工作了"<<endl;
		}
}; 
class LenovoMemory:public Memory{
	public:
		virtual void display(){
			cout<<"Lenovo的Memory开始工作了"<<endl;
		}
};
void test01(){
	cout<<"第一台电脑开始工作了！"<<endl; 
	cout<<endl;
	//创建第一台电脑零件 
	CPU *intelCpu = new IntelCPU;
	VideoCard *intelCard = new IntelVideoCard;
	Memory *intelMen = new IntelMemory;
	//创建第一台电脑 
	Computer *computer1 = new Computer(intelCpu,intelCard,intelMen);
	computer1->work();
	delete computer1;
	
	cout<<"----------------------"<<endl;
	cout<<"第二台电脑开始工作了！"<<endl; 
	cout<<endl;
	
	//创建第二台电脑零件 
	CPU *LenovoCpu = new LenovoCPU;
	VideoCard *LenovoCard = new LenovoVideoCard;
	Memory *LenovoMen = new LenovoMemory;
	//创建第二台电脑 
	Computer *computer2 = new Computer(LenovoCpu,LenovoCard,LenovoMen);
	computer2->work();
	delete computer1;
}
int main(){
	test01();
	return 0;
}