sklearn 笔记二

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-24 10:51:11 发布

超级小菜鸟+无敌小透明

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-24 10:51:11 发布

阅读量1.8k

点赞数 1

文章标签： sklearn python 机器学习

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_65523585/article/details/127312265

版权

改名双击即可
存到E盘搞
查看存储路径import os getcwd()
markdown可用做笔记切换写标题

#导入波士顿数据集
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
boston = load_boston()

#转化为数据框
import pandas as pd
boston_df = pd.DataFrame(boston.data,columns=boston.feature_names)

boston_df

	CRIM	ZN	INDUS	CHAS	NOX	RM	AGE	DIS	RAD	TAX	PTRATIO	B	LSTAT
0	0.00632	18.0	2.31	0.0	0.538	6.575	65.2	4.0900	1.0	296.0	15.3	396.90	4.98
1	0.02731	0.0	7.07	0.0	0.469	6.421	78.9	4.9671	2.0	242.0	17.8	396.90	9.14
2	0.02729	0.0	7.07	0.0	0.469	7.185	61.1	4.9671	2.0	242.0	17.8	392.83	4.03
3	0.03237	0.0	2.18	0.0	0.458	6.998	45.8	6.0622	3.0	222.0	18.7	394.63	2.94
4	0.06905	0.0	2.18	0.0	0.458	7.147	54.2	6.0622	3.0	222.0	18.7	396.90	5.33
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
501	0.06263	0.0	11.93	0.0	0.573	6.593	69.1	2.4786	1.0	273.0	21.0	391.99	9.67
502	0.04527	0.0	11.93	0.0	0.573	6.120	76.7	2.2875	1.0	273.0	21.0	396.90	9.08
503	0.06076	0.0	11.93	0.0	0.573	6.976	91.0	2.1675	1.0	273.0	21.0	396.90	5.64
504	0.10959	0.0	11.93	0.0	0.573	6.794	89.3	2.3889	1.0	273.0	21.0	393.45	6.48
505	0.04741	0.0	11.93	0.0	0.573	6.030	80.8	2.5050	1.0	273.0	21.0	396.90	7.88

506 rows × 13 columns

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
std = StandardScaler(with_mean=False)#实例化
std.fit(boston.data)#训练
std.transform(boston.data)#转化或预测predit

array([[7.35478830e-04, 7.72552226e-01, 3.37050589e-01, ...,
        7.07414614e+00, 4.35175383e+00, 6.98065441e-01],
       [3.17815298e-03, 0.00000000e+00, 1.03157907e+00, ...,
        8.23005237e+00, 4.35175383e+00, 1.28118838e+00],
       [3.17582552e-03, 0.00000000e+00, 1.03157907e+00, ...,
        8.23005237e+00, 4.30712889e+00, 5.64900347e-01],
       ...,
       [7.07083761e-03, 0.00000000e+00, 1.74069850e+00, ...,
        9.70961235e+00, 4.35175383e+00, 7.90580138e-01],
       [1.27533426e-02, 0.00000000e+00, 1.74069850e+00, ...,
        9.70961235e+00, 4.31392680e+00, 9.08326116e-01],
       [5.51725496e-03, 0.00000000e+00, 1.74069850e+00, ...,
        9.70961235e+00, 4.35175383e+00, 1.10456941e+00]])

from sklearn.linear_model import Ridge#岭回归
ridge = Ridge()
ridge.fit(boston.data,boston.target)#只要fit没有报错 决策树就在那里了

Ridge()

ridge.predict(boston.data)

array([30.25311604, 24.80547336, 30.53232402, 28.91100981, 28.1832052 ,
       25.43673125, 22.95817615, 19.30237669, 11.15984468, 18.82155521,
       18.81422924, 21.50541027, 20.98474447, 20.02619643, 19.57611906,
       19.77429479, 21.18939422, 17.1605386 , 16.62180745, 18.70110592,
       12.55036954, 17.85752738, 15.96917368, 13.87790039, 15.85205327,
       13.56864661, 15.69127486, 14.88600692, 19.7779414 , 21.14109205,
       11.53723803, 18.20402304,  8.86340284, 14.34902491, 13.72058572,
       23.74902824, 22.29387549, 23.26962048, 23.12831217, 31.50726633,
       34.44042267, 28.24553988, 25.37070495, 24.76917355, 22.86995627,
       21.97930271, 20.27968185, 17.60436025,  8.50373809, 16.9632888 ,
       21.14154831, 23.76708853, 27.76078883, 24.10242763, 15.36344139,
       31.50946541, 25.14328079, 33.13255864, 22.15413588, 21.23511061,
       17.89448419, 18.31780092, 24.08675693, 22.8694662 , 23.62325842,
       30.19359472, 25.21146597, 21.00266342, 17.16191352, 20.5981506 ,
       25.00985187, 21.43498919, 24.35585884, 23.8371262 , 25.2080971 ,
       23.43556655, 22.15782911, 22.76179825, 20.69957277, 21.93315055,
       28.38175107, 26.72372007, 25.98863394, 24.90805019, 24.69924957,
       27.65606798, 22.02003456, 25.64526212, 30.53861313, 30.83718179,
       27.01627565, 27.2674471 , 28.49279555, 28.79043764, 26.41268031,
       28.34921822, 24.33157153, 35.49381798, 35.05869611, 31.99969554,
       24.56019734, 25.65227414, 19.58856476, 20.17891334, 21.26592833,
       18.24878212, 16.91768243, 20.56146371, 22.45220726, 19.58357147,
       20.73054631, 26.34324536, 20.40076435, 20.34915937, 24.90509154,
       20.08437034, 23.21495764, 23.4768466 , 20.08205861, 20.64337013,
       21.76980356, 22.2330481 , 20.22115088, 15.91921622, 20.19862996,
       22.19401005, 14.12916481, 15.1895029 , 18.98479636, 14.08563895,
       20.136786  , 19.53534754, 20.19744137, 15.86586401, 13.26739836,
       17.32551279, 15.9314865 , 19.42098652, 13.77154689, 16.44765748,
       13.53870147,  3.76808991, 15.61521208, 13.32165028,  9.85363597,
       13.13994749, 17.00643157,  9.66072513, 10.89203921, 16.04762814,
       22.16670316, 19.57344947, 21.32812003, 18.53621121, 23.55324461,
       21.29729493, 14.82663415, 32.8678    , 28.55237379, 26.9652496 ,
       32.1560116 , 36.48602753, 40.11560604, 41.45574764, 24.393251  ,
       24.9347885 , 36.89209418, 22.70405639, 25.93783279, 26.22533245,
       22.07928659, 23.83944713, 22.57347501, 28.78596821, 26.30515476,
       30.83343626, 25.62200707, 29.00491136, 31.27284372, 32.94788467,
       34.60141408, 27.66938295, 33.70254012, 30.76887605, 22.4288443 ,
       24.66526613, 36.01902606, 32.94221498, 32.08719489, 34.15603239,
       30.69040488, 30.16029803, 32.85296581, 32.03509304, 31.41772152,
       40.745516  , 35.84547294, 32.30950167, 34.37272783, 30.23270182,
       30.79514169, 29.00673506, 37.03118034, 41.81114966, 42.99177036,
       22.71864333, 23.58678606, 17.5483317 , 23.16321498, 16.2900651 ,
       21.80009712, 16.38682337, 22.36050358, 25.21680994, 10.98863632,
       24.43993099, 26.32661314, 28.13303501, 24.35138154, 29.26117901,
       32.69974293, 23.15802921, 31.7596205 , 29.49113764, 38.16890048,
       39.5994642 , 37.36669104, 32.14860606, 35.65184875, 31.35528002,
       24.25764503, 33.12483431, 38.01330283, 37.10697328, 31.43828861,
       25.10942516, 29.8080276 , 32.66599059, 28.3399894 , 28.19595613,
       26.98265295, 23.32260659, 23.86035931, 27.4718839 , 16.11880291,
       13.18294303, 20.12926592, 19.69533559, 21.2959682 , 24.32548108,
       24.43139034, 25.303225  , 25.37516241, 30.45365152, 23.99396196,
       21.76380283, 37.30093785, 43.76945831, 36.79474527, 35.30203623,
       35.23859984, 37.58160852, 41.45680553, 34.78426292, 36.19306614,
       28.69604563, 31.58296184, 40.94890797, 39.56376099, 25.33449757,
       22.23722091, 27.36972148, 28.36894129, 35.3476283 , 35.85691003,
       33.64970133, 35.33431489, 34.6999873 , 30.20460155, 35.03322494,
       38.43465107, 34.14868517, 39.98107783, 44.36867851, 31.54167324,
       27.10211157, 20.23211168, 26.83504642, 26.92005262, 26.74451041,
       33.42417844, 34.404105  , 31.8274714 , 25.39258966, 23.83779454,
       28.04625701, 26.81272788, 18.87932807, 28.95515596, 31.84815122,
       30.46881837, 28.56758613, 28.63982495, 32.61775495, 33.35272302,
       30.6964216 , 35.43618244, 32.56694035, 28.70066141, 23.58456381,
       18.63935837, 27.01480803, 23.15189993, 25.54939617, 25.49486313,
       20.5894211 , 17.5867192 , 18.43712886, 24.40242985, 21.50502313,
       25.02558249, 24.99659338, 23.02087979, 19.40189243, 25.35907181,
       25.14368316, 24.05696753, 19.55939823, 21.10745209, 24.27877016,
       21.56926634, 19.9434429 , 23.37129441, 22.86910087, 22.27154189,
       21.29076426, 20.66053013, 19.73660482, 22.6973132 , 21.71730727,
       21.82017921, 30.39373572, 22.34617074, 27.85225837, 28.96871545,
       16.67740255, 14.8617906 , 25.5660512 , 27.88190418, 22.68143111,
       20.91411263, 20.93159193, 17.32978295, 25.98008645, 15.08098969,
       17.3967763 , 20.1880358 , 23.38018884, 22.94274308, 20.05543074,
       23.52575704, 19.67718717, 18.9282955 , 20.7935798 , 37.93998642,
       14.55892566, 15.79871882, 10.32600529, 23.47089448, 32.27606665,
       34.24900021, 24.60924536, 25.83008793,  5.79442553,  0.40594821,
       25.34203597, 17.66610116, 20.14314857, 15.77040843, 16.73759076,
       14.64117815, 18.41304471, 13.47838905, 13.09458531,  3.25429082,
        8.05937042,  6.14023357,  5.6772214 ,  6.42332067, 14.29389936,
       17.37193075, 17.56117984,  9.94794879, 20.38941973, 18.08870036,
       20.42202882, 19.39506073, 16.38463401,  6.58001565, 10.95979707,
       11.93096904, 17.89389942, 18.32950752, 13.09625823,  7.52530609,
        8.40512199,  7.75926124, 19.80435383, 12.98193064, 19.20179053,
       14.6629195 , 16.2417319 ,  0.8138044 , 11.15016645, -4.41798623,
        9.40343956, 13.25742201,  6.79644722,  6.20099973, 14.89582695,
       19.89571627, 18.41312853, 18.14343541, 12.6390845 , 14.00836516,
        9.78080721, 15.8318979 , 14.20617052, 14.26387595, 12.92513874,
       17.50424713, 18.00221548, 21.00598604, 17.30603415, 16.21010351,
       13.73471604, 14.9082218 ,  9.06743846,  5.12132491, 13.46871729,
       13.17942264, 17.76415447, 19.19231116, 18.51190751, 11.8664457 ,
       12.29258533, 18.1332901 , 18.6340791 , 17.8140489 , 17.4781204 ,
       16.74054381, 19.71714924, 18.92453713, 22.85510384, 15.50644244,
       16.08329217, 12.90931391, 13.19079201, 17.59861521, 18.95864379,
       19.40280127, 20.57920551, 20.2465411 , 22.90310715, 20.52312578,
       18.1395711 , 14.25695016, 16.32023868, 16.58559074, 18.28969752,
       19.70046697, 22.17128747, 22.0544957 , 25.46642115, 15.76906728,
       15.41138724, 20.16718754, 11.04366756, 18.80926036, 21.55711785,
       22.88063513, 26.48530568, 27.97254175, 20.68406891, 19.33363789,
       22.12126818, 19.30052115, 21.10843893, 11.3536993 ,  7.60994365,
        2.9864527 , 13.24586045, 15.57927321, 20.92845662, 20.98041181,
       17.33314245, 14.1505575 , 19.34781614, 21.53988395, 18.60660466,
       20.61997096, 23.9459692 , 22.70817479, 27.92757   , 26.44495268,
       22.68035106])

import joblib

joblib.dump(ridge,r'C:\Users\enen\笔记2.pkl') #r'中间放路径'用于保存波士顿路径模型 不用fit 可以直接存下来 再用可以直接导进来

['C:\\Users\\enen\\笔记2.pkl']

**在另外一个jupyter 里面直接导入其可以直接导入引用

!pip install joblib#安装joblib

import joblib

std2 = joblib.load()

from sklearn.datasets import load_boston

boston = boston()

std2.predict(boston.data)**

##对数据进行预处理

对单个数据集进行标准化

对单个数据集进行标准化

sklearn.preprocessing.scale()

X : {array-like,sparse matrix}，需要精心变换数据的数据阵

axis=0以列为标准化 axis=1是以行为标准化

with_mean = True : 是否中心化数据（移除均值）

with_std = True : 是否均一化标准差（除以标准差）

copy = True : 是否生成副本而不是替换原数据*

boston_df.describe()

	CRIM	ZN	INDUS	CHAS	NOX	RM	AGE	DIS	RAD	TAX	PTRATIO	B	LSTAT
count	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000	506.000000
mean	3.613524	11.363636	11.136779	0.069170	0.554695	6.284634	68.574901	3.795043	9.549407	408.237154	18.455534	356.674032	12.653063
std	8.601545	23.322453	6.860353	0.253994	0.115878	0.702617	28.148861	2.105710	8.707259	168.537116	2.164946	91.294864	7.141062
min	0.006320	0.000000	0.460000	0.000000	0.385000	3.561000	2.900000	1.129600	1.000000	187.000000	12.600000	0.320000	1.730000
25%	0.082045	0.000000	5.190000	0.000000	0.449000	5.885500	45.025000	2.100175	4.000000	279.000000	17.400000	375.377500	6.950000
50%	0.256510	0.000000	9.690000	0.000000	0.538000	6.208500	77.500000	3.207450	5.000000	330.000000	19.050000	391.440000	11.360000
75%	3.677083	12.500000	18.100000	0.000000	0.624000	6.623500	94.075000	5.188425	24.000000	666.000000	20.200000	396.225000	16.955000
max	88.976200	100.000000	27.740000	1.000000	0.871000	8.780000	100.000000	12.126500	24.000000	711.000000	22.000000	396.900000	37.970000

from sklearn import preprocessing
boston_scaled = preprocessing.scale(boston_df)
boston_scaled

array([[-0.41978194,  0.28482986, -1.2879095 , ..., -1.45900038,
         0.44105193, -1.0755623 ],
       [-0.41733926, -0.48772236, -0.59338101, ..., -0.30309415,
         0.44105193, -0.49243937],
       [-0.41734159, -0.48772236, -0.59338101, ..., -0.30309415,
         0.39642699, -1.2087274 ],
       ...,
       [-0.41344658, -0.48772236,  0.11573841, ...,  1.17646583,
         0.44105193, -0.98304761],
       [-0.40776407, -0.48772236,  0.11573841, ...,  1.17646583,
         0.4032249 , -0.86530163],
       [-0.41500016, -0.48772236,  0.11573841, ...,  1.17646583,
         0.44105193, -0.66905833]])

boston_scaled.mean(axis = 0)

array([-8.78743718e-17, -6.34319123e-16, -2.68291099e-15,  4.70199198e-16,
        2.49032240e-15, -1.14523016e-14, -1.40785495e-15,  9.21090169e-16,
        5.44140929e-16, -8.86861950e-16, -9.20563581e-15,  8.16310129e-15,
       -3.37016317e-16])

boston_scaled.mean(axis = 1)

array([-0.39605902, -0.2771074 , -0.30060388, -0.36357242, -0.29625273,
       -0.36650822, -0.24657683, -0.06002722,  0.00433699, -0.11334879,
       -0.01695502, -0.16754224, -0.30844718, -0.17014375, -0.09351894,
       -0.20371953, -0.29101222, -0.06571769, -0.37889648, -0.17831727,
       -0.01963552, -0.06049769,  0.02426183,  0.02356969, -0.01018486,
       -0.14036983, -0.05390239, -0.07100734,  0.01230097, -0.00868195,
        0.00312581, -0.03062388, -0.06307879, -0.05884851, -0.0789437 ,
       -0.31175654, -0.33715595, -0.38257187, -0.39136022, -0.2460804 ,
       -0.2406656 , -0.48181102, -0.52868858, -0.49727042, -0.4030483 ,
       -0.47122192, -0.41855728, -0.18049358, -0.08300532, -0.30172692,
       -0.28873818, -0.26985084, -0.38325301, -0.40472035,  0.12966882,
       -0.04314863, -0.09647872, -0.11156145, -0.17791078, -0.15460982,
       -0.07101349,  0.01291534, -0.05634106, -0.03302886, -0.13043466,
       -0.27054991, -0.2291618 , -0.35540097, -0.28931645, -0.31425188,
       -0.39923706, -0.39041618, -0.44138308, -0.41491261, -0.37236521,
       -0.24150131, -0.15338581, -0.25296746, -0.16592857, -0.29718415,
       -0.28595171, -0.1770795 , -0.32070468, -0.29260667, -0.3728418 ,
       -0.37390615, -0.40046006, -0.42988176, -0.30313994, -0.35755874,
       -0.40347618, -0.38895144, -0.18034398, -0.2932558 , -0.11072237,
       -0.46533417, -0.40462906, -0.25079743, -0.39513231, -0.33840543,
       -0.06632048, -0.09954952, -0.34833852, -0.06910475, -0.08355922,
       -0.06562315, -0.05126485, -0.09730686, -0.02865859, -0.03434536,
       -0.15720936, -0.10366915, -0.1076047 , -0.06201572, -0.16475146,
       -0.16143238, -0.16709163, -0.17338503, -0.21821449, -0.2192348 ,
       -0.1069755 , -0.06584218, -0.01051381,  0.05858965, -0.01715133,
       -0.05063705,  0.03405929,  0.15551733,  0.23016281,  0.17483933,
        0.21306349,  0.20642912,  0.18699496,  0.16739478,  0.08810655,
        0.24603306,  0.16824899,  0.22218944,  0.21952023,  0.22682148,
        0.26725426,  0.28181347,  0.45638151,  0.16628625,  0.11509134,
        0.04968557, -0.1270667 ,  0.11059927,  0.09374386,  0.06684715,
        0.06309459, -0.04576109,  0.16788782, -0.04955323,  0.33341744,
        0.12052707, -0.24535688, -0.12825252, -0.20877667,  0.03682421,
        0.07252725, -0.10246226,  0.27595477,  0.34272226, -0.13113899,
       -0.2501731 , -0.01491909, -0.30277988, -0.16816653, -0.12409282,
       -0.18693656, -0.14924037, -0.36787531, -0.34810873, -0.44475278,
       -0.49965509, -0.44978886, -0.39380641, -0.34280209, -0.44670255,
       -0.26966649, -0.48872459, -0.34418154, -0.38270572, -0.41414766,
       -0.41318985, -0.36301424, -0.32076924, -0.38164971, -0.26547979,
       -0.28803891, -0.28030002, -0.26330937, -0.39600255, -0.41427203,
       -0.22864465, -0.26012065, -0.26002524, -0.2266545 , -0.08106303,
       -0.07929427, -0.27155081, -0.22029642, -0.1721172 , -0.16788062,
       -0.39281747, -0.24736106, -0.17955221,  0.0684229 ,  0.19480188,
        0.17260385,  0.17017427,  0.02792435, -0.33780486, -0.33025955,
       -0.32324709,  0.00362769, -0.16698236,  0.15737583,  0.13448534,
        0.12213637,  0.18048674,  0.1033541 , -0.23963456, -0.13165714,
       -0.06389395, -0.13057204, -0.22254124, -0.35420785, -0.46449901,
       -0.30424276, -0.19488431, -0.11599538, -0.13270539,  0.02253197,
       -0.32101404,  0.0981591 , -0.18930307, -0.36829797, -0.2751033 ,
       -0.15504367, -0.19961515, -0.2097883 , -0.39246565, -0.08345766,
       -0.02120916, -0.15703108, -0.02536924, -0.10168169, -0.1725189 ,
       -0.23128554, -0.28831986, -0.17619149, -0.0173379 , -0.16590802,
       -0.19590472, -0.15793103, -0.14961807, -0.2367595 , -0.2886932 ,
       -0.26651272, -0.2388842 , -0.14743826, -0.19842677, -0.26614999,
       -0.49221502, -0.22790028, -0.25343912, -0.40861999,  0.01976088,
       -0.33218069, -0.42405767, -0.28389125,  0.12818912, -0.0295187 ,
       -0.29371018,  0.11740238, -0.00392561, -0.32314122, -0.5200843 ,
       -0.32094773, -0.45577259, -0.07503936,  0.01832809, -0.166123  ,
       -0.32532459, -0.12917749, -0.23892079, -0.18316336, -0.21852889,
       -0.1548671 , -0.12108966, -0.17770934, -0.43001869, -0.35795505,
       -0.34264851, -0.29436655, -0.24993689, -0.30660206, -0.25769987,
       -0.14352556, -0.24090334, -0.33016947, -0.31397828, -0.23957017,
       -0.26356265, -0.17096471, -0.22366405, -0.20060816, -0.24028555,
       -0.4668612 , -0.34464322, -0.18890434, -0.21095859, -0.13553499,
       -0.22021159, -0.11090252, -0.17681054, -0.20180929, -0.21002934,
       -0.25405248, -0.2574941 , -0.28916738, -0.22082263, -0.29211472,
       -0.34970009, -0.30864583, -0.2222199 , -0.45420933, -0.46122159,
       -0.40373081, -0.32812948, -0.38299824, -0.27571839, -0.26412623,
       -0.30235393, -0.29681252, -0.2371465 , -0.33048868, -0.30234158,
       -0.27316411, -0.2699344 , -0.29997688, -0.06917567, -0.13546462,
       -0.24129709, -0.23800406, -0.01777884, -0.11252826, -0.10151959,
       -0.11643139, -0.01647809, -0.09732668,  0.01484115,  0.04394562,
        0.03542527,  0.90236861,  0.83776012,  0.79180642,  0.47391082,
        0.46015991,  0.48691762,  0.3772965 ,  0.73125982,  0.90002655,
        0.05748605,  0.25967112,  0.02102608,  0.1559248 ,  0.6507523 ,
        0.6970944 ,  0.38499971,  0.61441981,  0.58108994,  0.59622412,
        0.69242249,  0.64653125,  0.63603803,  0.73475678,  0.65293121,
        1.30347558,  0.66790679,  0.5486094 ,  0.54478439,  0.47106464,
        0.65538418,  0.63418366,  0.66939067,  0.57859249,  0.49608159,
        0.48047732,  0.47599141,  0.53637208,  0.50767267,  0.53448154,
        0.57022389,  0.55648898,  0.50956348,  0.86798909,  0.54061001,
        0.7698378 ,  0.64199831,  0.59187339,  0.61548083,  0.77785891,
        1.06342491,  0.43135004,  0.36486682,  0.4235531 ,  0.44252794,
        0.39576702,  0.31376962,  0.27150325,  0.41825289,  0.64658872,
        0.46901226,  0.37658162,  0.43728822,  0.81193041,  0.36559001,
        0.52522896,  0.4405452 ,  0.3177017 ,  0.1738894 ,  0.00730401,
        0.31354525,  0.03767671,  0.39782483,  0.26785161,  0.35228999,
        0.20491102,  0.3161625 ,  0.12124508,  0.28756642,  0.34221761,
        0.47210738,  0.34911335,  0.41236533,  0.47056046,  0.57119361,
        0.6902484 ,  0.63218479,  0.55743457,  0.64092582,  0.51478275,
        0.39597227,  0.51640238,  0.58916204,  0.59201533,  0.53195162,
        0.2741078 ,  0.57136564,  0.53213324,  0.69062653,  0.32630375,
        0.26949978,  0.19309309,  0.17859093,  0.44299814,  0.49855854,
        0.45868858,  0.50335411,  0.51224511,  0.50509928,  0.42439941,
        0.24704782,  0.13547399,  0.42018917,  0.45530289,  0.35477485,
        0.42525489,  0.37991207,  0.39444806,  0.40778515,  0.37168107,
        0.4568779 ,  0.51208983,  0.50405556,  0.50993568,  0.46965163,
        0.31643769,  0.36001296,  0.39692306,  0.1880272 ,  0.23338375,
        0.31577792,  0.42302933,  0.26348245,  0.27416626,  0.30367439,
        0.31030901,  0.34605471,  0.26792737, -0.2260277 , -0.21522384,
       -0.22648972, -0.094337  , -0.12901299, -0.14952233, -0.15473899,
       -0.09092583, -0.1313857 , -0.17179601, -0.08021259, -0.09012741,
       -0.17541044])

boston_scaled.std(axis = 0)

array([1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.])

boston_scaled.std(axis = 1)

array([0.62434741, 0.49053373, 0.66078337, 0.77724728, 0.77114357,
       0.65241767, 0.53119222, 0.70278112, 0.98739399, 0.68190377,
       0.73762676, 0.62014196, 0.59111883, 0.51661341, 0.50797092,
       0.51832343, 0.60823053, 0.50840367, 0.56656305, 0.49511787,
       0.69665747, 0.53134138, 0.58102466, 0.6611238 , 0.5810275 ,
       0.59363797, 0.56314904, 0.56578475, 0.55007365, 0.52910449,
       0.69260526, 0.56556068, 0.85310111, 0.61559551, 0.69668107,
       0.35782901, 0.32483392, 0.40831045, 0.44899715, 1.11184827,
       1.19767335, 0.80737382, 0.70796358, 0.71427851, 0.52581237,
       0.51850994, 0.543583  , 0.63204606, 1.01760106, 0.61146415,
       0.68243802, 0.65627243, 0.80302176, 0.75816353, 1.11967739,
       1.47814501, 1.37061842, 1.50648023, 0.83502713, 0.69100184,
       0.70216808, 0.69010507, 0.71211739, 0.81406701, 1.04269756,
       1.22040787, 1.16059605, 0.71912014, 0.67751077, 0.66456911,
       0.73305276, 0.62691212, 0.72121312, 0.71386441, 0.67459402,
       0.4186009 , 0.35748256, 0.38961022, 0.41507276, 0.4723302 ,
       0.70372997, 0.61230749, 0.65113679, 0.58622002, 0.48731544,
       0.50733078, 0.46236376, 0.40145763, 0.62566577, 0.58322025,
       0.39971963, 0.42614703, 0.50216535, 0.600219  , 0.48157957,
       0.44142041, 0.42461512, 0.94329536, 0.88010624, 0.70351022,
       0.51091215, 0.52113564, 0.9302167 , 0.49222496, 0.50996957,
       0.60149058, 0.60743304, 0.50722185, 0.55272627, 0.52380131,
       0.44976148, 0.37479918, 0.44369965, 0.45112758, 0.33931588,
       0.37168839, 0.2618744 , 0.31770705, 0.2928778 , 0.30417747,
       0.80821864, 0.81620378, 0.86779918, 0.99643471, 0.88133853,
       0.83796443, 1.05603315, 0.79147698, 0.73720367, 0.79282068,
       0.72163172, 0.70725398, 0.71174461, 0.73043179, 0.82382019,
       0.72389842, 0.74145817, 0.73175623, 0.82436899, 0.76660982,
       0.83268649, 1.22314409, 1.55930197, 1.24137995, 1.36903834,
       1.35062337, 1.24767863, 1.36154697, 1.2928887 , 1.14558557,
       1.06791913, 1.12911567, 1.53311248, 1.13426463, 1.4359861 ,
       1.65948061, 1.37431644, 0.8419895 , 0.7774489 , 1.09073231,
       1.28222814, 0.95825574, 1.43087972, 1.50228132, 0.72284314,
       0.76617038, 1.04066878, 0.73758479, 0.73631027, 0.71800199,
       0.73972513, 0.72752238, 0.52052034, 0.45172922, 0.34623083,
       0.47503733, 0.34474634, 0.41141689, 0.50432976, 0.60596958,
       0.8516778 , 0.43114036, 0.73673329, 0.63469503, 0.57595069,
       0.45597469, 0.86348688, 0.7918765 , 0.82700895, 0.8932783 ,
       0.98418836, 0.9353915 , 1.02994   , 1.13415494, 1.07656906,
       1.42379737, 1.46720242, 1.4085283 , 1.44191868, 1.445892  ,
       1.46252595, 1.20883321, 1.42807953, 1.49324617, 1.53588018,
       0.48846997, 0.3564085 , 0.45573527, 1.09384406, 1.24241673,
       1.12010431, 1.22764939, 1.11966368, 0.42405688, 0.95804409,
       0.36325123, 1.13068702, 0.48371652, 1.15862706, 1.13050062,
       1.13958464, 1.15166337, 1.11506258, 0.40951007, 0.93512475,
       1.09565203, 0.88602149, 0.53779166, 0.83722219, 0.52667893,
       0.25513595, 0.62560999, 0.97272515, 0.91659392, 1.10827158,
       0.23151509, 1.09832882, 0.6227914 , 0.77652029, 0.69359359,
       0.71007712, 0.64558698, 0.70211338, 0.89489844, 0.75781929,
       0.79425923, 0.79451244, 0.73263437, 0.72661056, 0.89558222,
       0.87180461, 0.90425882, 1.09405211, 1.32340317, 1.33604323,
       1.36623101, 1.38517807, 1.34712283, 1.02077341, 0.95048762,
       0.937667  , 1.02488076, 1.25279853, 0.99329669, 0.96958016,
       0.80227971, 0.91789383, 1.15265015, 0.95824532, 1.14438507,
       0.49367571, 0.63667084, 0.48087642, 1.28936789, 1.29447473,
       0.73150266, 1.28149562, 1.31376342, 0.66272373, 0.73441097,
       0.96918056, 0.79861387, 1.43418076, 1.90657327, 1.40683934,
       1.06425141, 1.32445136, 0.95069333, 0.91399956, 0.97385537,
       1.1601901 , 1.18942591, 1.14324066, 0.67291857, 0.56785164,
       0.70661594, 0.62308263, 0.65234898, 1.2365059 , 1.32543227,
       1.20685857, 0.66797875, 0.74589295, 0.84514639, 0.75964138,
       0.59290498, 0.7815145 , 0.64639868, 0.46298829, 0.31105397,
       0.51031786, 0.33365011, 0.3910866 , 0.35558015, 0.3988559 ,
       0.35895376, 0.4352232 , 0.37581183, 0.28736057, 0.28857992,
       0.44465289, 0.4401131 , 0.43479979, 0.44325276, 0.50315875,
       0.68705236, 0.5876861 , 0.49102124, 0.5602902 , 0.62317442,
       0.57240473, 0.78583532, 0.77541517, 0.69910293, 0.68679074,
       0.65536561, 0.5637017 , 0.56611116, 0.56543684, 0.53663518,
       0.51793381, 0.98101868, 0.66025066, 0.77770331, 0.93235825,
       0.7451838 , 0.7356149 , 1.27916041, 1.26780663, 1.08777453,
       1.03264314, 1.29540341, 1.3373934 , 1.66962732, 1.5179862 ,
       1.52526967, 1.10847494, 1.10960146, 1.13069009, 0.80489176,
       0.84084965, 0.81707489, 0.9701507 , 1.20508107, 1.43344929,
       1.42137286, 1.02256263, 1.50118428, 1.07926054, 1.23248269,
       1.2518788 , 0.83447847, 1.22847598, 1.26770364, 1.55469485,
       0.88444105, 0.83784687, 0.78634117, 0.93678337, 0.8632103 ,
       2.60502496, 0.80482131, 0.9292601 , 0.94654267, 1.40804765,
       1.12839708, 1.3058936 , 1.25100988, 1.1963217 , 0.92075031,
       0.82556762, 0.76009077, 1.05373835, 0.75912251, 0.81624164,
       0.75380212, 0.76683994, 0.84925331, 1.39901102, 0.99519   ,
       1.0258623 , 0.80459167, 0.78357945, 1.05931508, 1.44306612,
       2.06199125, 1.35499058, 0.91149231, 0.97072058, 1.04437117,
       2.0395103 , 1.35865108, 1.74415052, 1.30162085, 2.07601469,
       1.48632419, 1.41457674, 1.41988454, 2.53311422, 1.33750898,
       0.81665428, 0.83025989, 0.85986794, 1.40197739, 1.37673419,
       1.47734834, 1.32502292, 1.67955691, 1.17965851, 1.29714208,
       1.15972812, 1.19675745, 1.1023861 , 1.14748887, 1.18783746,
       1.20259173, 1.38173853, 1.50869383, 1.48526367, 0.9069719 ,
       0.959725  , 0.77175699, 0.79167109, 0.77491254, 1.02293349,
       1.36751554, 0.81550134, 0.76778059, 0.75129115, 0.80562778,
       1.40042555, 0.74074691, 0.7325015 , 0.76085346, 1.38971132,
       1.26524292, 1.37840041, 1.38254438, 0.79805262, 0.72403297,
       0.83321361, 0.72074244, 0.70338518, 0.72840253, 0.68674675,
       0.80224401, 1.30733991, 0.77440879, 0.75662519, 0.78734577,
       0.6631577 , 0.68938528, 0.65776579, 0.71331126, 0.83442733,
       0.83801423, 0.69332151, 0.97755969, 0.7244367 , 0.75401479,
       0.69179507, 0.71702348, 0.74940516, 0.80993498, 0.77221189,
       0.70334382, 0.64361075, 0.73948301, 1.02182981, 1.09936081,
       1.24818217, 0.96553881, 0.92672746, 0.37383221, 0.39676601,
       0.54401266, 0.57089378, 0.3474446 , 0.32475682, 0.42793685,
       0.36054167, 0.56852605, 0.57055833, 0.72316853, 0.66992334,
       0.58552026])

对数据的某一列或某几列进行标准化

preprocessing.scale(boston.target)

array([ 0.15968566, -0.10152429,  1.32424667,  1.18275795,  1.48750288,
        0.6712218 ,  0.03996443,  0.49708184, -0.65659542, -0.39538548,
       -0.81985164, -0.39538548, -0.09064054, -0.23212926, -0.47157171,
       -0.286548  ,  0.06173193, -0.54775795, -0.25389676, -0.47157171,
       -0.97222411, -0.31919924, -0.79808414, -0.87427038, -0.75454915,
       -0.93957286, -0.64571167, -0.84161913, -0.44980422, -0.16682677,
       -1.07017784, -0.87427038, -1.0157591 , -1.02664285, -0.98310786,
       -0.39538548, -0.27566425, -0.16682677,  0.23587189,  0.89978051,
        1.34601416,  0.4426631 ,  0.30117438,  0.23587189, -0.14505928,
       -0.35185049, -0.27566425, -0.64571167, -0.88515413, -0.34096674,
       -0.30831549, -0.22124551,  0.26852314,  0.09438317, -0.39538548,
        1.4004329 ,  0.23587189,  0.98685049,  0.08349942, -0.31919924,
       -0.41715297, -0.71101416, -0.0362218 ,  0.26852314,  1.13922296,
        0.10526692, -0.34096674, -0.0579893 , -0.55864169, -0.17771052,
        0.18145315, -0.09064054,  0.02908069,  0.09438317,  0.17056941,
       -0.12329178, -0.27566425, -0.18859427, -0.14505928, -0.24301301,
        0.59503557,  0.14880191,  0.24675564,  0.03996443,  0.14880191,
        0.4426631 , -0.00357056, -0.0362218 ,  0.11615067,  0.6712218 ,
        0.00731319, -0.0579893 ,  0.03996443,  0.26852314, -0.21036176,
        0.63857056, -0.12329178,  1.75959658,  2.31466771,  1.16099045,
        0.54061683,  0.43177935, -0.42803672, -0.35185049, -0.2647805 ,
       -0.33008299, -0.33008299, -0.23212926, -0.29743175, -0.34096674,
       -0.09064054,  0.02908069, -0.40626922, -0.41715297, -0.43892047,
       -0.46068796, -0.14505928, -0.36273423, -0.23212926, -0.35185049,
       -0.0579893 , -0.24301301, -0.22124551, -0.56952544, -0.40626922,
       -0.12329178, -0.7436654 , -0.68924667, -0.49333921, -0.89603787,
       -0.36273423, -0.31919924,  0.05084818, -0.44980422, -0.75454915,
       -0.48245546, -0.55864169, -0.59129294, -1.00487535, -0.5151067 ,
       -0.92868912, -0.88515413, -0.9939916 , -0.75454915, -1.16813157,
       -0.95045661, -0.75454915, -0.86338663, -0.5151067 , -0.77631665,
       -0.11240804, -0.31919924, -0.7872004 , -0.34096674, -0.60217668,
       -0.75454915, -1.02664285,  2.04257402,  0.1923369 ,  0.08349942,
        0.48619809,  2.98946007,  2.98946007,  2.98946007,  0.01819694,
        0.26852314,  2.98946007,  0.13791816,  0.13791816, -0.02533805,
       -0.55864169, -0.37361798,  0.06173193,  0.11615067,  0.00731319,
        0.74740804,  0.07261568,  0.22498815,  0.80182678,  1.59634036,
        1.8793178 ,  1.48750288,  1.6725266 ,  1.08480422,  0.4208956 ,
        0.76917553,  2.98946007,  1.03038548,  0.79094303,  1.34601416,
        1.57457287,  0.86712926,  1.50927038,  0.93243175,  0.71475679,
        2.98946007,  1.1718742 ,  0.84536177,  1.31336292,  1.34601416,
        1.12833921,  0.17056941,  2.1514115 ,  2.82620386,  2.98946007,
        0.00731319,  0.20322065, -0.00357056,  0.20322065, -0.27566425,
       -0.09064054, -0.35185049, -0.01445431,  0.60591932,  0.12703442,
        0.26852314,  0.08349942,  0.6712218 , -0.11240804,  0.05084818,
        0.45354685, -0.09064054,  0.54061683,  0.82359427,  2.42350519,
        2.98946007,  1.63987535,  0.98685049,  2.6302964 ,  0.97596674,
        0.1923369 ,  0.99773424,  2.08610901,  2.80443636,  0.70387305,
        0.15968566,  0.27940688,  0.97596674,  0.12703442,  0.08349942,
       -0.0579893 , -0.2647805 , -0.0362218 ,  0.12703442, -0.5368742 ,
       -0.43892047,  0.1923369 , -0.22124551,  0.2141044 ,  0.39912811,
        0.20322065,  0.24675564,  0.76917553,  2.20583024, -0.06887304,
       -0.17771052,  2.33643521,  2.98946007,  1.46573539,  0.82359427,
        1.22629294,  2.23848148,  2.8588551 ,  0.921548  ,  1.52015413,
        0.02908069,  0.88889676,  2.98946007,  2.28201647, -0.19947802,
       -0.15594303,  0.29029063,  0.20322065,  1.37866541,  1.07392047,
        1.03038548,  1.16099045,  1.1501067 ,  0.71475679,  1.36778166,
        2.48880768,  1.4004329 ,  2.55411016,  2.98946007,  1.05215297,
       -0.0579893 , -0.2647805 ,  0.07261568, -0.02533805,  0.24675564,
        0.64945431,  1.60722411,  0.58415182,  0.14880191, -0.09064054,
        0.66033806,  0.49708184, -0.24301301, -0.00357056,  0.70387305,
        0.24675564, -0.0579893 ,  0.4208956 ,  1.1501067 ,  1.47661914,
        0.63857056,  1.18275795,  0.61680306,  0.02908069, -0.24301301,
       -0.70013041, -0.04710555, -0.34096674, -0.10152429,  0.13791816,
       -0.68924667, -0.5151067 , -0.29743175,  0.06173193, -0.16682677,
        0.13791816,  0.06173193, -0.23212926, -0.43892047,  0.26852314,
        0.22498815,  0.05084818, -0.0362218 , -0.35185049,  0.00731319,
       -0.29743175, -0.59129294, -0.34096674, -0.0362218 , -0.19947802,
       -0.15594303, -0.33008299, -0.43892047, -0.21036176, -0.38450173,
       -0.41715297,  1.10657171, -0.65659542,  0.14880191,  0.9433155 ,
       -0.54775795, -0.58040919,  0.06173193,  0.2141044 ,  0.4426631 ,
        0.03996443,  0.17056941, -0.42803672,  0.82359427, -0.47157171,
       -0.21036176, -0.5151067 , -0.09064054,  0.01819694,  0.00731319,
        0.26852314, -0.286548  , -0.18859427, -0.62394418, -0.06887304,
        0.54061683, -0.06887304,  0.06173193,  2.98946007,  2.98946007,
        2.98946007,  2.98946007,  2.98946007, -0.95045661, -0.95045661,
       -0.81985164, -0.93957286, -1.00487535, -1.02664285, -1.34227153,
       -1.32050404, -1.2660853 , -1.22255031, -1.11371283, -1.494644  ,
       -1.66878396, -1.30962029, -1.64701647, -1.34227153, -1.20078281,
       -0.80896789,  0.07261568, -1.39669027, -0.95045661, -1.07017784,
       -1.02664285, -1.09194533, -1.52729524, -1.90822641, -1.76673769,
       -1.84292393, -1.66878396, -1.13548032, -1.54906274, -1.52729524,
       -1.90822641, -1.15724782,  0.58415182, -0.58040919,  0.54061683,
       -0.81985164, -0.58040919, -0.50422295, -0.67836292, -1.69055146,
       -1.66878396, -1.63613272, -1.32050404, -1.494644  , -1.53817899,
       -0.63482793, -0.90692162, -0.18859427, -0.9939916 , -1.17901531,
       -1.54906274, -1.34227153, -1.2660853 , -1.25520155, -1.41845777,
       -0.87427038, -0.91780537, -0.70013041, -0.89603787, -1.17901531,
       -0.9939916 , -1.40757402, -1.50552775, -1.53817899, -1.05929409,
       -1.30962029, -0.59129294, -0.44980422, -0.77631665, -1.27696904,
       -1.16813157, -0.83073539, -1.08106158, -0.91780537, -1.03752659,
       -0.9939916 , -0.79808414, -0.70013041, -0.5151067 , -0.83073539,
       -0.91780537, -1.07017784, -0.98310786, -0.83073539, -0.27566425,
       -0.66747917, -0.52599045, -0.33008299, -0.25389676, -0.12329178,
       -0.286548  , -0.38450173, -0.37361798, -0.37361798, -0.2647805 ,
       -0.286548  , -0.31919924,  0.07261568,  0.79094303, -0.95045661,
       -1.00487535, -0.63482793, -1.14636407, -0.86338663, -0.12329178,
        0.05084818,  0.12703442,  0.26852314, -0.07975679, -0.21036176,
       -0.14505928, -0.37361798, -0.21036176, -0.79808414, -1.69055146,
       -1.57083023, -0.97222411, -0.2647805 , -0.07975679,  0.2141044 ,
        0.06173193, -0.30831549, -0.46068796, -0.14505928, -0.54775795,
       -0.62394418, -0.01445431, -0.21036176,  0.14880191, -0.0579893 ,
       -1.15724782])

std.get_params()**<font color = orange>#查看当前参数值

{'copy': True, 'with_mean': False, 'with_std': True}

std.set_params(copy=False)**<font color = orange>#设置参数值

StandardScaler(copy=False, with_mean=False)

std.get_params()

{'copy': False, 'with_mean': False, 'with_std': True}

std.fit(boston.data)

StandardScaler(copy=False, with_mean=False)

std.scale_**<font color = orange>#标准化后的尺度

array([8.59304135e+00, 2.32993957e+01, 6.85357058e+00, 2.53742935e-01,
       1.15763115e-01, 7.01922514e-01, 2.81210326e+01, 2.10362836e+00,
       8.69865112e+00, 1.68370495e+02, 2.16280519e+00, 9.12046075e+01,
       7.13400164e+00])

std.mean_**<font color = orange>#标准化的期望

array([3.61352356e+00, 1.13636364e+01, 1.11367787e+01, 6.91699605e-02,
       5.54695059e-01, 6.28463439e+00, 6.85749012e+01, 3.79504269e+00,
       9.54940711e+00, 4.08237154e+02, 1.84555336e+01, 3.56674032e+02,
       1.26530632e+01])

StandardScaler类的算法

**inverse_transform(X,copy]) 将数据进行逆变换

partial_fit(X [, y]) 在线计算数据特征用于后续拟合

fit(X[, y]) 计算数据特征用于后续拟合

transform(x[, y.copy]) 用于模型设定进行转换

fit_transform(X[, y]) 计算数据特征，并且进行转换

get_params([deep]) 获取模型的参数设定

set_params(** params) 设置模型参数**

scaler = preprocessing.MaxAbsScaler((1,10))
scaler.fit_transform(boston_df)

D:\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\utils\validation.py:70: FutureWarning: Pass copy=(1, 10) as keyword args. From version 1.0 (renaming of 0.25) passing these as positional arguments will result in an error
  warnings.warn(f"Pass {args_msg} as keyword args. From version "





array([[7.10302306e-05, 1.80000000e-01, 8.32732516e-02, ...,
        6.95454545e-01, 1.00000000e+00, 1.31156176e-01],
       [3.06936012e-04, 0.00000000e+00, 2.54866619e-01, ...,
        8.09090909e-01, 1.00000000e+00, 2.40716355e-01],
       [3.06711233e-04, 0.00000000e+00, 2.54866619e-01, ...,
        8.09090909e-01, 9.89745528e-01, 1.06136423e-01],
       ...,
       [6.82879242e-04, 0.00000000e+00, 4.30064888e-01, ...,
        9.54545455e-01, 1.00000000e+00, 1.48538320e-01],
       [1.23167768e-03, 0.00000000e+00, 4.30064888e-01, ...,
        9.54545455e-01, 9.91307634e-01, 1.70661048e-01],
       [5.32839119e-04, 0.00000000e+00, 4.30064888e-01, ...,
        9.54545455e-01, 1.00000000e+00, 2.07532262e-01]])

正则表达（Normalization)/归一化/范数化石机器学习领域提出的基于向量空间模型上的一个转换，
经常被使用在分类与聚类中。

sklearn.preprocessing.normalize(

X, axis = 1, copy = True

norm = ‘12’# : ‘11’,‘12’,or ‘max’,用来正则化的具体范数

return_norm = False #: 是否返回所使用的范数)

x = [[-1,-1,2]]

x_normalized = preprocessing.normalize(x,norm=‘12’,return_norm = True)

x_normalized