一、实验拓扑
二、实验需求
1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24,其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,模拟PC,地址也在192.168.1.0/24内
3.R1-R4 不能直接编写到达 5.5.5.0/24 的静态路由,但依然可以访问;
4.全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量,避免环路;
5.R4 与 R5 间,正常 1000M 链路通信,故障时自动改为 100M;
三、实验思路:
1、分析:纵观整个网络拓扑(包括环回网段,考虑汇总),可将192.168.1.0/24 划分为 5 个大的网段。
(1)192.168.1.0/27----骨干链路
192.168.1.0000 0000/30-----192.168.1.0/30 192.168.1.1、192.168.1.2
192.168.1.0000 0100/30-----192.168.1.4/30 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6
192.168.1.0000 1000/30-----192.168.1.8/30 192.168.1.9 192.168.1.10
192.168.1.0000 1100/30-----192.168.1.12/30 192.168.1.13 192.168.1.14
192.168.1.0001 0000/30-----192.168.1.16/30 192.168.1.17 192.168.1.18
192.168.1.0001 0100/30-----192.168.1.20/30 192.168.1.21 192.168.1.22
(2)192.168.1.32/27----R1 环回----192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.0010 0000/28---192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.0011 0000/28---192.168.1.48/28
(3)192.168.1.0100 0000/27------R2环回----192.168.1.64/27
192.168.1.0100 0000/28---192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.0101 0000/28---192.168.1.80/28
(4)192.168.1.0110 0000/27------R3环回---192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.0110 0000/28----192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.0111 0000/28---192.168.1.112/28
(5)192.168.1.1000 0000/27------R4环回---192.168.1.128/27
192.168.1.1000 0000/28---192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.1001 0000/28---192.168.1.144/28
2、编写除了到达 5.5.5.0/24 之外,到达其他网段的静态路由.
3、配置缺省路由,实现 5.5.5.0/24 互通,至此实现全网通,并测试
4、防环,做黑洞路由配置.
5、做备份,通过改变路由条目优先级实现。
6、测试,观察 1000Mb/s 链路故障时,数据能否走 100Mb/s 链路。
四、实验步骤
1.配置IP地址
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int l1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28
[R2-LoopBack1]q
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R3]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[R3-LoopBack0]int l1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 193.168.1.113 28
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]q
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int l1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R5]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
[R5-LoopBack0]q
R1-R4 不能直接编写到达 5.5.5.0/24 的静态路由,但依然可以访问;
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
配置缺省路由,实现 5.5.5.0/24 互通,至此实现全网通,并测试
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
避免环路,做黑洞路由配置.
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null0
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 null0
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 null0
R4与R5之间的优先级,做备份,通过改变路由条目优先级实现。
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
测试,观察 1000Mb/s 链路故障时,数据能否走 100Mb/s 链路。
关闭R5的0/0/0接口: [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown