Python—学生管理系统项目

运行效果：

 

---

 

源码：

import os

# 文件名字
filename = 'Stu_manger.txt'


def main():
    while True:
        menu()
        choice = int(input('请选择:'))
        if choice in range(0, 8):
            if choice == 0:
                answer = input('您确定退出系统吗？(y/n)')
                if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
                    print("谢谢您的使用!!!")
                    break
                else:
                    continue
            elif choice == 1:
                insert()
            elif choice == 2:
                search()
            elif choice == 3:
                delete()
            elif choice == 4:
                modify()
            elif choice == 5:
                sort()
            elif choice == 6:
                total()
            elif choice == 7:
                show()
        pass


def menu():
    print("*******************************学生信息管理系统*******************************")
    print('---------------------------------功能菜单---------------------------------')
    print('1.录入学生信息')
    print('2.查找学生信息')
    print('3.删除学生信息')
    print('4.修改学生信息')
    print('5.排序')
    print('6.统计学生总人数')
    print('7.显示所有学生信息')
    print('0.退出系统')
    print('--------------------------------------------------------------------------')
    pass


def insert():
    stu_list = []
    while True:
        id = input('请输入ID(如1001):')
        if not id:
            break
        name = input('请输入姓名:')
        if not name:
            break
        try:
            math = int(input('请输入高数成绩:'))
            english = int(input('请输入英语成绩:'))
            python = int(input('请输入Python成绩:'))
        except:
            print('输入类型有误,请重新输入！')
            continue
        # 将录入的学生信息封装到字典中
        student = {
            'id': id,
            'name': name,
            'math': math,
            'english': english,
            'python': python
        }
        # 将学生信息添加到列表中
        stu_list.append(student)
        answer = input('是否继续添加?y/n\n')
        if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
            continue
        else:
            break
    # 保存学生信息到文档中
    save(stu_list)
    print('学生信息录入完毕！')


def save(lst):
    # 检测文件是否已创建,创建则附加信息,否则新建文件
    try:
        fp = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8')
    except:
        fp = open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    # 信息逐条存储
    for item in lst:
        fp.write(str(item) + '\n')
    fp.close()


def search():
    stu_query = []
    while True:
        id = ''
        name = ''
        if os.path.exists(filename):
            mode = input('1.按ID查找,2.按姓名查找.')
            if mode == '1':
                id = input('请输入学生ID:')
            elif mode == '2':
                name = input('请输入学生姓名:')
            else:
                print('您的输入有误,请重新输入！')
                search()

            with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                stu_msg = fp.readlines()
                for item in stu_msg:
                    dic = dict(eval(item))
                    if id != '':
                        if dic['id'] == id:
                            stu_query.append(dic)
                        elif name != '':
                            if dic['name'] == name:
                                stu_query.append(dic)
            # 显示查询结果
            show_student(stu_query)
            # 清空列表
            stu_query.clear()
            answer = input('是否要继续查询?y/n\n')
            if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
                continue
            else:
                break
        else:
            print('暂未保存学生信息！')
            return
    pass


def show_student(lst):
    if len(lst) == 0:
        print('没有查询到学生信息,无数据显示！')
        return
    # 定义标题显示格式
    format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
    print(format_title.format('ID', '姓名', '高数成绩', '英语成绩', 'Python成绩', '总成绩'))
    format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^18}\t{:^10}'
    for item in lst:
        print(format_data.format(item.get('id'),
                                 item.get('name'),
                                 item.get('math'),
                                 item.get('english'),
                                 item.get('python'),
                                 int(item.get('math')) + int(item.get('english')) + int(item.get('python'))
                                 ))


def delete():
    """
    输入要删除的学生ID,将已存储的学生信息文件读取到一个字典变量中,
    再遍历字典中是否存在该学生ID,若存在则删除！
    :return:
    """
    # 标记是否删除
    flag = False
    # 获取已存储信息
    dic = {}

    while True:
        del_id = input('请输入要删除的学生ID:')
        if del_id != '':
            if os.path.exists(filename):
                with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8')as fp:
                    stu_msg = fp.readlines()
            else:
                stu_msg = []

            if stu_msg:
                with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                    for item in stu_msg:
                        dic = dict(eval(item))  # 将字符串转成字典
                        if dic['id'] != del_id:
                            fp.write(str(dic) + '\n')
                        else:
                            flag = True
                    if flag:
                        print(f'ID为{del_id}的学生信息已删除！')
                    else:
                        print(f'没有找到ID为{del_id}的学生信息')
            else:
                print('无学生信息！')
                break
            show()
            answer = input('是否继续删除?y/n\n')
            if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
                continue
            else:
                break


def modify():
    """
    先将已存储的学生信息文件读取到一个字典变量中,后输入要修改的学生ID
    再逐个遍历字典中是否存在该学生ID,若存在则进行修改！
    :return:
    """
    show()
    # 判断文件是否存在,存在则读取已存储的学生信息
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
            stu_msg = fp.readlines()
    else:
        return

    mod_id = input('请输入要修改的学生ID:')
    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
        for item in stu_msg:
            dic = dict(eval(item))
            if dic['id'] == mod_id:
                print('找到该学生的信息,可以进行修改相关信息！')
                while True:
                    try:
                        dic['name'] = input('请输入姓名:')
                        dic['math'] = int(input('请输入高数成绩:'))
                        dic['english'] = int(input('请输入英语成绩:'))
                        dic['python'] = int(input('请输入Python成绩:'))
                        break
                    except:
                        print('您的输入有误,请重新输入！')
                fp.write(str(dic) + '\n')
                print('修改成功！')
            else:
                fp.write(str(dic) + '\n')
        answer = input('是否继续修改其他学生信息?y/n\n')
        if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
            modify()
        else:
            return


def sort():
    show()
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as fp:
            stu_list = fp.readlines()
        stu_new = []
        for item in stu_list:
            dic = dict(eval(item))
            stu_new.append(dic)
    else:
        return
    asc_or_desc = input('请选择(0.升序,1.降序):')
    if asc_or_desc == '0':
        asc_or_desc_bool = False
    elif asc_or_desc == '1':
        asc_or_desc_bool = True
    else:
        print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!')
        sort()
    mode = input('请选择排序方式(1.按高数成绩排序 2.按英语成绩排序 3.按Python成绩排序 0.按总成绩排序')
    if mode == '1':
        stu_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['math']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
        pass
    elif mode == '2':
        stu_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['english']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
        pass
    elif mode == '3':
        stu_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['python']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
        pass
    elif mode == '0':
        stu_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['math'])+int(x['english'])+int(x['python']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
        pass
    else:
        print('您的输入有误,请重新输入.')
        sort()
    show_student(stu_new)

def total():
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
            stu_msg = fp.readlines()
            if stu_msg:
                print(f'一共有{len(stu_msg)}名学生.')
            else:
                print('暂时没有录入学生信息.')
    else:
        print('暂未保存数据信息.')


def show():
    stu_list = []
    if os.path.exists(filename):
        with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
            stu_msg = fp.readlines()
            for item in stu_msg:
                stu_list.append(eval(item))
            if stu_list:
                show_student(stu_list)
    else:
        print('暂未保存数据信息.')


main()