使用MySQL进行多表关联查询

MySQL进行多表关联查询的语法结构如下：

SELECT 列名
FROM 表1
JOIN 表2 ON 表1.列名 = 表2.列名
JOIN 表3 ON 表2.列名 = 表3.列名
...

在SELECT子句中指定需要查询的列名，可以使用通配符*表示选择所有列。

在FROM子句中指定第一个表名。

使用JOIN关键字将要关联的其他表依次连接起来，并使用ON子句指定连接条件。连接条件是指两个表之间的列名相等的条件。

命令提示符启动MySQL

1、创建student和score表

创建student表 

CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
sex VARCHAR(4),
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20),
address VARCHAR(50)
);

CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL,
c_name VARCHAR(20),
grade INT(10)
);

2、为student表和score表增加记录

向student表插入记录的INSERT语句

INSERT INTO student VALUES(901, '张老大', '男', 1985, '计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(902, '张老二', '男', 1986, '中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(903, '张三', '女', 1990, '中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(904, '李四', '男', 1990, '英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(905, '王五', '女', 1991, '英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES(906, '王六', '男', 1988, '计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

 向score表插入记录的INSERT语句

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 901, '计算机', 98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 902, '计算机', 65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 902, '中文', 88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 903, '中文', 95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 904, '计算机', 70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 904, '英语', 92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 905, '英语', 94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 906, '计算机', 90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 906, '英语', 85);

3、查询student表的所有记录

SELECT * FROM student;

4、查询student表的第2条到4条记录

SELECT * FROM student LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1;

5、从student表查询所有学生的学号（id）、姓名（name）和院系（department）的信息

SELECT id, name, department FROM student;

6、从student表中查询计算机系和英语系的学生的信息

SELECT * FROM student WHERE department = '计算机系' OR department = '英语系';

7、从student表中查询年龄18~22岁的学生信息

SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE YEAR(CURDATE()) - YEAR(birth) BETWEEN 18 AND 22;

8、从student表中查询每个院系有多少人

SELECT department, COUNT(*) as total_students FROM student GROUP BY department;

9、从score表中查询每个科目的最高分

SELECT c_name AS subject, MAX(grade) AS highest_score
FROM score
GROUP BY c_name;

10、查询李四的考试科目（c_name）和考试成绩（grade）

SELECT c_name, grade
FROM score
WHERE stu_id = 904;

11、用连接的方式查询所有学生的信息和考试信息

SELECT *
FROM student
JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id;

12、计算每个学生的总成绩

SELECT student.id, student.name, SUM(score.grade) AS total_grade
FROM student
JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id
GROUP BY student.id, student.name;

13、计算每个考试科目的平均成绩

SELECT c_name, AVG(grade) AS average_grade
FROM score
GROUP BY c_name;

14、查询计算机成绩低于95的学生信息

SELECT *
FROM student
JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id
WHERE score.c_name = '计算机' AND score.grade < 95;

15、查询同时参加计算机和英语考试的学生的信息

SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE id IN (
    SELECT stu_id
    FROM score
    WHERE c_name = '计算机'
) AND id IN (
    SELECT stu_id
    FROM score
    WHERE c_name = '英语'
);

16、将计算机考试成绩按从高到低进行排序

SELECT student.id, student.name, score.grade
FROM student
JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id
WHERE score.c_name = '计算机'
ORDER BY score.grade DESC;

17、从student表和score表中查询出学生的学号，然后合并查询结果

SELECT student.id
FROM student
UNION
SELECT score.stu_id
FROM score;

18、查询姓张或者姓王的同学的姓名、院系和考试科目及成绩

SELECT student.name, student.department, score.c_name, score.grade
FROM student
JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id
WHERE student.name LIKE '张%' OR student.name LIKE '王%';

19、查询都是湖南的学生的姓名、年龄、院系和考试科目及成绩

SELECT student.name, YEAR(CURDATE()) - YEAR(student.birth) AS age, student.department, score.c_name, score.grade
FROM student
JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id
WHERE student.address IN ('湖南省永州市', '湖南省衡阳市');