restful专栏 07.视图类 03.基于APIView类的视图

# 03.基于APIView类的视图

[toc]{type: "ol", level: [2, 3, 4, 5]}

### 创建路由
```python
### shop.urls
    # 基于APIView类的视图
    path('category/list/apiview/', CategoryListAPIView.as_view(), name='categoryListAPIView'),
    re_path(r'^category/detail/apiview/(\d+)/$', CategoryDetailAPIView.as_view(), name='categoryDetailAPIView'),
```
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### 创建视图
#### 导入模块
    APIView封装了View，并重写了as_view方法
```python
### shop.views
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
```
#### 多个对象
```python
### shop.views
class CategoryListAPIView(APIView):
    def get(self, request):
        # rest_framework.request.Request
        # 写法与函数categoryList一致 instance:从数据库中获取数据
        seria = CategorySerializer(instance=Category.objects.all(), many=True)
        return Response(seria.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    def post(self, request):
        # data:从请求中获取数据
        # 方式1：
        seria = CategorySerializer(data=request.data)
        if seria.is_valid():
            seria.save()
            return Response(seria.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        else:
            return Response(seria.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

        # # 方式2：
        # seria = CategorySerializer(data=request.data)
        # # 校验失败，False则抛异常
        # seria.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        # return Response(seria.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

```
#### 单个对象
```python
### shop.views
class CategoryDetailAPIView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, cid):
        seria = CategorySerializer(instance=get_object_or_404(Category, pk=cid))
        return Response(seria.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    def put(self, request, cid):
        seria = CategorySerializer(instance=get_object_or_404(Category, pk=cid), data=request.data)
        if seria.is_valid():
            seria.save()
            return Response(seria.data, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        else:
            return Response(seria.errors, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    def patch(self, request, cid):
        seria = CategorySerializer(instance=get_object_or_404(Category, pk=cid), data=request.data)
        if seria.is_valid():
            seria.save()
            return Response(seria.data, status.HTTP_200_OK)
        else:
            return Response(seria.errors, status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

    def delete(self, request, cid):
        get_object_or_404(Category, pk=cid).delete()
        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)
```
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