使用kebuadmin安装k8s

...emmm?

已于 2024-05-28 00:12:35 修改

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文章标签： kubernetes 容器云原生

于 2024-05-16 17:52:59 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_66372974/article/details/138961012

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Kubeadmin

Kubeadmin也是一个工具，提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join，用于快速部署K8S集群，相对简单
https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/

部署k8s

============================部署k8s====================================
master（2C/4G，cpu核心数要求大于2）  	192.168.111.7		docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node01（2C/2G）						 	192.168.111.8		docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node02（2C/2G）						 	192.168.111.9		docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel


1、在所有节点上安装Docker和kubeadm
2、部署Kubernetes Master
3、部署容器网络插件
4、部署 Kubernetes Node，将节点加入Kubernetes集群中
5、部署 Dashboard Web 页面，可视化查看Kubernetes资源
6、部署 Harbor 私有仓库，存放镜像资源

-------------- 环境准备 -----------
所有节点，关闭防火墙规则，关闭selinux，关闭swap交换
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
swapoff -a						#交换分区必须要关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab		#永久关闭swap分区，&符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done

#修改主机名(记得分开修改 修改完bash一下)
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02

#所有节点修改hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.19 master01
192.168.10.20 node01
192.168.10.21 node02

#调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式，可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF

#生效参数
sysctl --system  


--------- 所有节点安装docker -----------


yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.18 docker-ce-cli containerd.io

mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  }
}
EOF
#使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理，因为相对Cgroupfs而言，Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。
#日志使用json-file格式类型存储，大小为100M，保存在/var/log/containers目录下，方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service 

docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"

结果为：Cgroup Driver: systemd


------------ 所有节点安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl ----------

#定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

yum install -y kubelet-1.20.11 kubeadm-1.20.11 kubectl-1.20.11

#开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service


#K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在，即底层是以容器方式运行，所以kubelet必须设置开机自启


--------- 部署K8S集群 ----------

#查看初始化需要的镜像
kubeadm config images list

#在 master 节点上传 v1.20.11.zip 压缩包至 /opt 目录
unzip v1.20.11.zip -d /opt/k8s
cd /opt/k8s/v1.20.11
for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done

#复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点，并在 node 节点上执行脚本加载镜像文件
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node01:/opt
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node02:/opt

初始化kubeadm

kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml

cd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12   advertiseAddress: 192.168.111.7		#指定master节点的IP地址
13   bindPort: 6443
......
34 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.11				#指定kubernetes版本号
35 networking:
36   dnsDomain: cluster.local
37   podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"				#指定pod网段，10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
38   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16			#指定service网段
39 scheduler: {}
#末尾再添加以下内容
--- 
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs									#把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式


kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
#--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件，K8S V1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs
#tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志  

执行完上一条命令后，会产生如下内容

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.111.7:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a59096f11bd3788b73fa40e1e7d730ecc4ccdcf38fdf52edc4999dc753f38f03 


#设定kubectl
kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作，kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf，它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。

#执行描述内的命令
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config


#如果 kubectl get cs 发现集群不健康，更改以下两个文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml 
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
# 修改如下内容
把--bind-address=127.0.0.1变成--bind-address=192.168.111.7		#修改成k8s的控制节点master01的ip
把httpGet:字段下的hosts由127.0.0.1变成192.168.111.7（有两处）
#- --port=0					# 搜索port=0，把这一行注释掉

systemctl restart kubelet


#查看 kubeadm-init 日志
less kubeadm-init.log

#kubernetes配置文件目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/

#存放ca等证书和密码的目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki		


------------------所有节点部署网络插件flannel-------------
#在所有的节点上传 flannel-cni-v1.2.0.tar flannel-v0.22.2.tar 
在master节点上传kube-flannel.yml文件

#所有节点将两个.tar结尾的文件上传到docker
docker load -i  flannel-cni-v1.2.0.tar
docker load -i  flannel-v0.22.2.tar 

#在master节点创建flannel资源
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

#在master查看node状态
kubectl get nodes

NAME       STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
master01   Ready    control-plane,master   57m   v1.20.11

#这时候node节点还未添加，将node加入到集群

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.111.7:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a59096f11bd3788b73fa40e1e7d730ecc4ccdcf38fdf52edc4999dc753f38f03 



#将这个复制到节点机器上，加入集群，有几个节点，加几次  
kubeadm join 192.168.111.7:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a59096f11bd3788b73fa40e1e7d730ecc4ccdcf38fdf52edc4999dc753f38f03 

kubectl get nodes
NAME       STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
master01   Ready    control-plane,master   60m   v1.20.11
node01     Ready    <none>                 23s   v1.20.11
node02     Ready    <none>                 16s   v1.20.11


--------创建资源进行测试--------------
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

kubectl get pods
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-6799fc88d8-bngdv   1/1     Running   0          77s


kubectl get pods -owide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-6799fc88d8-bngdv   1/1     Running   0          87s   10.244.2.2   node02   <none>           <none>

#kubeadmin安装的k8s可以任意在master或者node上访问
curl 10.244.2.2

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>


#进行对外暴露端口
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort

#结果
service/nginx exposed

kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        95m
nginx        NodePort    10.96.182.183   <none>        80:32681/TCP   9s


使用masterip/ndoeip:32681进行访问



#扩展3个副本

kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
deployment.apps/nginx scaled

kubectl get pods -owide
NAME                     READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-6799fc88d8-bngdv   1/1     Running             0          11m   10.244.2.2   node02   <none>           <none>
nginx-6799fc88d8-cr8kj   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          24s   <none>       node02   <none>           <none>
nginx-6799fc88d8-z8mhb   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          24s   <none>       node01   <none>           <none>



kubectl get pods -owide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-6799fc88d8-bngdv   1/1     Running   0          14m    10.244.2.2   node02   <none>           <none>
nginx-6799fc88d8-cr8kj   1/1     Running   0          3m4s   10.244.2.3   node02   <none>           <none>
nginx-6799fc88d8-z8mhb   1/1     Running   0          3m4s   10.244.1.2   node01   <none>           <none>

部署harbor仓库

=========================部署harbor仓库====================================
#修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname hub.emmm.com

#所有节点加上主机名映射(包括前面的k8s集群)
echo '192.168.111.10 hub.emmm.com' >> /etc/hosts

#安装docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.18 docker-ce-cli containerd.io


mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.emmm.com"]
}
EOF

systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker

#所有 node 节点都修改 docker 配置文件，加上私有仓库配置

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.emmm.com"]
}
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

 
#安装harbor
cd /opt
cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz
cd harbor/
vim harbor.cfg
5  hostname = hub.benet.com
9  ui_url_protocol = https
24 ssl_cert = /data/cert/server.crt
25 ssl_cert_key = /data/cert/server.key
59 harbor_admin_password = Harbor12345


#生成证书
mkdir -p /data/cert
cd /data/cert
#生成私钥
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
输入两遍密码：123456

#生成证书签名请求文件
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
输入私钥密码：123456
输入国家名：CN
输入省名：BJ
输入市名：BJ
输入组织名：EMMM
输入机构名：EMMM
输入域名：hub.emmm.com
输入管理员邮箱：写自己邮箱即可
其它全部直接回车

#备份私钥
cp server.key server.key.org

#清除私钥密码
openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
输入私钥密码：123456

#签名证书
openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
 
chmod +x /data/cert/*

cd /opt/harbor/
./install.sh


#在本地使用火狐浏览器访问：https://hub.emmm.com

添加例外 -> 确认安全例外
用户名：admin
密码：Harbor12345

#在一个node节点上登录harbor
docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 https://hub.emmm.com


#上传镜像
docker tag nginx:latest hub.benet.com/library/nginx:v1
docker push hub.benet.com/library/nginx:v1

k8s从harbor仓库获取镜像进行创建

kubectl delete deployment nginx  #删除当前的nginx

kubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --image=hub.emmm.com/library/nginx:v1 --port=80 --replicas=3

kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80

kubectl get svc,pods

NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-7dc9c694b9-cnlfw   1/1     Running   0          6s
nginx-deployment-7dc9c694b9-lwcd5   1/1     Running   0          6s
nginx-deployment-7dc9c694b9-wv8gr   1/1     Running   0          6s


yum install ipvsadm -y
ipvsadm -Ln

IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  172.17.0.1:32681 rr
TCP  192.168.122.1:32681 rr
TCP  10.96.0.1:443 rr
  -> 192.168.111.7:6443           Masq    1      3          0         
TCP  10.96.0.10:53 rr
  -> 10.244.0.8:53                Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.0.9:53                Masq    1      0          0         
TCP  10.96.0.10:9153 rr
  -> 10.244.0.8:9153              Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.0.9:9153              Masq    1      0          0         
TCP  10.96.115.126:30000 rr
  -> 10.244.1.18:80               Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.1.19:80               Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.2.12:80               Masq    1      0          0         
TCP  10.96.182.183:80 rr
TCP  10.244.0.0:32681 rr
TCP  10.244.0.1:32681 rr
TCP  127.0.0.1:32681 rr
TCP  192.168.111.7:32681 rr
UDP  10.96.0.10:53 rr
  -> 10.244.0.8:53                Masq    1      0          0         
  -> 10.244.0.9:53                Masq    1      0          0         


curl 10.96.115.126:30000

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>


kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment
25   type: NodePort						#把调度策略改成NodePort


[root@master01 ~]#kubectl get svc
NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)           AGE
kubernetes         ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP           24h
nginx              NodePort    10.96.182.183   <none>        80:32681/TCP      22h
nginx-deployment   NodePort    10.96.115.126   <none>        30000:30229/TCP   113m


浏览器访问
192.168.111.7:30229
192.168.111.8:30229
192.168.111.9:30229

#将cluster-admin角色权限授予用户system:anonymous
kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous