【Linux篇】线程操作API

一、线程创建

#include <pthread.h>
 
int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, const pthread_attr_t *attr,
                          void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);
参数：
pthread_t *thread：                 pthread是一个指针参数，传出线程ID
const pthread_attr_t *attr：        用于指定线程属性，传入NULL表示使用默认属性
void *(*start_routine) (void *)：   是个函数指针，是线程的主控函数
void *arg：                         是第三个函数的参数，要强制转换成泛型（void*）然后进行值 
                                    传递即可，不能传递地址
 
返回值：若成功返回0，否则返回错误编号

二、线程退出

#include <pthread.h>

void pthread_exit(void *retval);
 
void *retval：    retval表示线程的退出值，我们必须将该参数强转为泛型void*

三、线程等待 

#include <pthread.h>
 
int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **retval);
 
参数：
pthread_t thread：  thread是我们要等待退出的线程的线程ID
void **retval：     retval是传出参数，用于获取线程的退出值，即，pthread_exit里的那个参数
 
 在使用该函数时要注意retval参数：
（1） 一定要用void**强制转换为泛型指针
（2）该函数是将pthread_exit里的退出值 复制到 retval所指向的位置。
（3）该参数可以置为NULL，表示不需要获取线程退出值。

四、编程示例

1.创建一个线程

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>

void *func1(void *arg)
{
	printf("t1:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
	printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));
}

int main()
{
	int ret;
	int param = 100;
	pthread_t t1;

	ret = pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
	if(ret == 0){
		printf("main:create t1 success\n");
	}
	printf("main:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
	pthread_join(t1,NULL);

	return 0;
}

2.线程创建、等待、退出综合

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>

void *func1(void *arg)
{
	static int ret = 10;

	printf("t1:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
	printf("param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));

	pthread_exit((void *)&ret);
}

int main()
{
	int ret;
	int param = 100;
	pthread_t t1;

	int *pret = NULL;

	ret = pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
	if(ret == 0){
		printf("main:create t1 success\n");
	}
	printf("main:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
	pthread_join(t1,(void **)&pret);

	printf("main:t1 quit:%d\n",*pret);

	return 0;
}

 

3.线程共享内存空间的代码验证

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>

int g_data = 0;

void *func1(void *arg)
{
	printf("t1:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
	printf("t1:param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));
	while(1){
		printf("t1:%d\n",g_data++);
		sleep(1);
	}
}

void *func2(void *arg)
{
	printf("t2:%ld thread is create\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
	printf("t2:param is %d\n",*((int *)arg));
	while(1){
		printf("t2:%d\n",g_data++);
		sleep(1);
	}
}

int main()
{
	int ret;
	int param = 100;
	pthread_t t1;
	pthread_t t2;

	ret = pthread_create(&t1,NULL,func1,(void *)&param);
	if(ret == 0){
		printf("main:create t1 success\n");
	}
	ret = pthread_create(&t2,NULL,func2,(void *)&param);
	if(ret == 0){
		printf("main:create t2 success\n");
	}

	printf("main:%ld\n",(unsigned long)pthread_self());
	while(1){
		printf("main:%d\n",g_data++);
		sleep(1);	
	}

	pthread_join(t1,NULL);
	pthread_join(t2,NULL);

	return 0;
}