mysql查询常用到的关键字

1.起别名 ：AS

SELECT `last_name` AS 姓 FROM `employees`;

也可以省略

SELECT `last_name` 姓 FROM `employees`;

2.去重：distinct

select distinct `department_id` from `employees`;

3.姓+名两个字符拼接起来：concat

SELECT CONCAT(`last_name`,`first_name`) 姓名 FROM `employees`;

4.显示结构：desc

DESC `employees`;

二.条件查询

语法： 
    select
            查询列表
    from
            表名
    where
            筛选条件;
            
分类
     一、按条件表达式筛选
     简单条件运算符： > < = != <>  >= <=
     
     二、按逻辑表达式筛选
     逻辑运算符
     作用：用于连接条件表达式
       &&    ||   ！
       and   or  not
     
     三、模糊查询
        like
        between  and
        in 
        is null

#`salary`>12000 的员工信息
select  * from `employees` where `salary`>12000;

#查询员工工资在10000，到20000之间的员工名、工资以及奖金
select `first_name`,`salary`,`commission_pct` from `employees` where `salary`>10000 and `salary`<20000;


#查询部门编号不是在90 和110 之间，或者工资高于15000的员工信息
SELECT * FROM `employees` WHERE `department_id`<90 OR `department_id`>110 OR `salary`>15000;

like

#模糊查询，'%__%'通配符
SELECT  * FROM `employees` WHERE `first_name` LIKE '%a%';

#查询员工的名字中第二个字符为_的员工名
SELECT  `last_name` FROM  `employees` WHERE `last_name` LIKE '__%';

between and

#查询员工编号在100到120之间的员工信息
SELECT * FROM `employees` WHERE `employee_id` BETWEEN 100 AND 120;

in

#案例：查询员工的工种编号,AD_VP、 AD_ASST、FI_MGR中的一个员工名和工种编号
SELECT `last_name`, `job_id` FROM  `employees` WHERE `job_id` IN('AD_VP', 'AD_ASST','FI_MGR');

is null

#查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT `last_name`,`commission_pct` FROM `employees` WHERE `commission_pct` IS NULL;

is not null

#查询有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT `last_name`,`commission_pct` FROM `employees` WHERE `commission_pct` IS NOT NULL;

<=>

#安全等于  <=>
SELECT `commission_pct` FROM  `employees` WHERE `commission_pct`<=>NULL;
SELECT `salary` FROM `employees` WHERE `salary`<=>12000;