虚拟机模拟Linux系统新增硬盘的分盘和永久挂载

前言

Windows系统中加入新的硬盘后需要对硬盘进行格式化分区方可以使用。

同样的在Linux系统中新增的硬盘也要进行相应的操作才可以被用户使用。

下面将用虚拟机来演示Linux系统中如何操作用户才能使用新加的硬盘。

首先在虚拟机中新建一块硬盘，然后对新建的硬盘进行分区，格式化，挂载。

下面是具体操作。

查看磁盘分区状态

 fdisk -l

[root@sunny ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00090af9

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    18876415     8388608   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3        18876416   629145599   305134592   83  Linux


Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

硬盘分区

fdisk /dev/sdb  >>>  对新加的硬盘sdb进行分区

[root@sunny ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): 

m查看帮助

Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): 

n  >>>添加一个新的分区

Command (m for help): n

p  >>>分区的类型是主分区（四个主分区，扩展分区从第五个开始）

Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p

1  >>>  设置第一个分区

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

回车键/2048  >>>  MBR占用2048

First sector (2048-629145599, default 2048): 2048

设置分区大小+10G  >>> 注意单位要大写

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-629145599, default 629145599): +10G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

p  >>> 查看设置完的分区

 p   print the partition table

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4a237150

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    20973567    10485760   83  Linux

w  >>>  保存设置并退出

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

sdb的第一个分区的设置完成了

重启或者键入如下指令启用分区设置

[root@sunny ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb

格式化，设置为xfs文件系统

[root@sunny ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

挂载

创建一个空目录

[root@sunny /]# mkdir yewu 

进入/etc/fstab配置文件进行编辑，将/dev/sdb1 挂载到/yewu下。

[root@sunny home]# vim /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul  3 23:42:00 2024
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=812997ec-d573-4e02-bcef-baa72af34518 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=ddf9b4c1-b230-47d9-8d77-cbb470b68e63 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=6a9460aa-f4f8-426b-b998-272af990752d swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1                                 /yewu                   xfs     defaults        0 0

编辑完成重新加载编辑的内容

[root@sunny home]# mount -a

查看挂载是非成功

[root@sunny /]# df -Th
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs       devtmpfs  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.9G   12M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda3      xfs       291G  2.0G  289G   1% /
/dev/sda1      xfs      1014M  142M  873M  14% /boot
tmpfs          tmpfs     378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1      xfs        10G   33M   10G   1% /yewu

已经成功将硬盘sdb的sdb1分区挂载到/yewu下。