JavaWeb基础
HttpServletResponse
web服务器接收到客户端的HTTP请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表的HttpServletRequest对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse对象
- 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
- 如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse
简单分类
负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
public void setCharacterEncoding(String charset);
public void setContentLength(int len);
public void setContentLengthLong(long len);
public void setContentType(String type);
public void setBufferSize(int size);
default public Supplier<Map<String, String>> getTrailerFields() {
return null;
}
/*
* Server status codes; see RFC 2068.
*/
/**
* Status code (100) indicating the client can continue.
*/
public static final int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
/**
* Status code (101) indicating the server is switching protocols according to Upgrade header.
*/
public static final int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
/**
* Status code (200) indicating the request succeeded normally.
*/
public static final int SC_OK = 200;
/**
* Status code (201) indicating the request succeeded and created a new resource on the server.
*/
public static final int SC_CREATED = 201;
/**
* Status code (202) indicating that a request was accepted for processing, but was not completed.
*/
public static final int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
/**
* Status code (203) indicating that the meta information presented by the client did not originate from the server.
*/
public static final int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
/**
* Status code (204) indicating that the request succeeded but that there was no new information to return.
*/
public static final int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
/**
* Status code (205) indicating that the agent <em>SHOULD</em> reset the document view which caused the request to be
* sent.
*/
public static final int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
/**
* Status code (206) indicating that the server has fulfilled the partial GET request for the resource.
*/
public static final int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
/**
* Status code (300) indicating that the requested resource corresponds to any one of a set of representations, each
* with its own specific location.
*/
public static final int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
/**
* Status code (301) indicating that the resource has permanently moved to a new location, and that future references
* should use a new URI with their requests.
*/
public static final int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
/**
* Status code (302) indicating that the resource has temporarily moved to another location, but that future references
* should still use the original URI to access the resource.
*
* This definition is being retained for backwards compatibility. SC_FOUND is now the preferred definition.
*/
public static final int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
/**
* Status code (302) indicating that the resource reside temporarily under a different URI. Since the redirection might
* be altered on occasion, the client should continue to use the Request-URI for future requests.(HTTP/1.1) To represent
* the status code (302), it is recommended to use this variable.
*/
public static final int SC_FOUND = 302;
/**
* Status code (303) indicating that the response to the request can be found under a different URI.
*/
public static final int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
/**
* Status code (304) indicating that a conditional GET operation found that the resource was available and not modified.
*/
public static final int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
/**
* Status code (305) indicating that the requested resource <em>MUST</em> be accessed through the proxy given by the
* <code><em>Location</em></code> field.
*/
public static final int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
/**
* Status code (307) indicating that the requested resource resides temporarily under a different URI. The temporary URI
* <em>SHOULD</em> be given by the <code><em>Location</em></code> field in the response.
*/
public static final int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
/**
* Status code (400) indicating the request sent by the client was syntactically incorrect.
*/
public static final int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
/**
* Status code (401) indicating that the request requires HTTP authentication.
*/
public static final int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
/**
* Status code (402) reserved for future use.
*/
public static final int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
/**
* Status code (403) indicating the server understood the request but refused to fulfill it.
*/
public static final int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
/**
* Status code (404) indicating that the requested resource is not available.
*/
public static final int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
/**
* Status code (405) indicating that the method specified in the <code><em>Request-Line</em></code> is not allowed for
* the resource identified by the <code><em>Request-URI</em></code>.
*/
public static final int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
/**
* Status code (406) indicating that the resource identified by the request is only capable of generating response
* entities which have content characteristics not acceptable according to the accept headers sent in the request.
*/
public static final int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
/**
* Status code (407) indicating that the client <em>MUST</em> first authenticate itself with the proxy.
*/
public static final int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
/**
* Status code (408) indicating that the client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared
* to wait.
*/
public static final int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
/**
* Status code (409) indicating that the request could not be completed due to a conflict with the current state of the
* resource.
*/
public static final int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
/**
* Status code (410) indicating that the resource is no longer available at the server and no forwarding address is
* known. This condition <em>SHOULD</em> be considered permanent.
*/
public static final int SC_GONE = 410;
/**
* Status code (411) indicating that the request cannot be handled without a defined
* <code><em>Content-Length</em></code>.
*/
public static final int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
/**
* Status code (412) indicating that the precondition given in one or more of the request-header fields evaluated to
* false when it was tested on the server.
*/
public static final int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
/**
* Status code (413) indicating that the server is refusing to process the request because the request entity is larger
* than the server is willing or able to process.
*/
public static final int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
/**
* Status code (414) indicating that the server is refusing to service the request because the
* <code><em>Request-URI</em></code> is longer than the server is willing to interpret.
*/
public static final int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
/**
* Status code (415) indicating that the server is refusing to service the request because the entity of the request is
* in a format not supported by the requested resource for the requested method.
*/
public static final int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
/**
* Status code (416) indicating that the server cannot serve the requested byte range.
*/
public static final int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
/**
* Status code (417) indicating that the server could not meet the expectation given in the Expect request header.
*/
public static final int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
/**
* Status code (500) indicating an error inside the HTTP server which prevented it from fulfilling the request.
*/
public static final int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
/**
* Status code (501) indicating the HTTP server does not support the functionality needed to fulfill the request.
*/
public static final int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
/**
* Status code (502) indicating that the HTTP server received an invalid response from a server it consulted when acting
* as a proxy or gateway.
*/
public static final int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
/**
* Status code (503) indicating that the HTTP server is temporarily overloaded, and unable to handle the request.
*/
public static final int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
/**
* Status code (504) indicating that the server did not receive a timely response from the upstream server while acting
* as a gateway or proxy.
*/
public static final int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
/**
* Status code (505) indicating that the server does not support or refuses to support the HTTP protocol version that
* was used in the request message.
*/
public static final int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
}
常见应用
下载文件
- 要获取下载文件的路径
- 下载的文件名
- 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
- 获取下载文件的输入流
- 创建缓冲区
- 获取OutputStream对象
- 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
- 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 要获取下载文件的路径
// String rp = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/15196900621605176.jpg");
String rp = "C:\\Users\\HAI\\Desktop/15196900621605176.jpg";
// 下载的文件名
String fileName = rp.substring(rp.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
// 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西,中文文件用URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8")编码，否则可能会乱码
response.setHeader("Content-disposition","attachment;filename="+fileName);
// 获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(rp);
// 创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// 获取OutputStream对象
ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
// 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
while((len=in.read(buffer))>0) {
outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
in.close();
outputStream.close();
}
测试结果：
验证码功能
验证怎么来的？
- 前端实现
- 后端实现，需要用到Java的图片类，生成一个图片
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次
response.setHeader("refresh","5");
//在内存中创建一个图片
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//得到图片
Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
//设置图片的背景颜色
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillRect(0, 0, 80, 20);
//给图片写数据
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20);
//告诉浏览器这个请求用图片的方式打开
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
//网站存在缓存，不让它缓存
response.setContentType("expires");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
//把图片给浏览器
ImageIO.write(image, "jpg",response.getOutputStream());
}
private String makeNum() { //生成随机数
Random random = new Random();
String num = random.nextInt(9999999)+ "";
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
//保证7位数随机数
for (int i=0;i<7-num.length();i++) {
sb.append("0");
}
num = sb.toString()+ num;
return num;
}
测试结果：
实现重定向
一个web资源收到客户端请求后会告诉客户端去访问另一个web资源，通过另一个资源访问
response.sendRedirect("/jjj/yanzheng");
//结果会跳转到yanzheng这个界面
//原理：
//response.setHeader("Location", "/jjj/yanzheng");
//response.setStatus(302);
面试题：请你聊聊重定向和转发的区别？
-
相同点：
页面都会实现跳转
-
不同点：
- 请求转发的时候 URL不会发生变化
- 重定向时，URL地址栏会发生变化
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