【嵌入式Linux】devmem2 工具的编译与使用

devmem2

• 嵌入式Linux 开发时，经常需要操作某个外设驱动的【寄存器】值，一般是可以通过内核驱动打印的方式获取，但这样比较的麻烦

• devmem2 这个工具，比较的简单，可以实现Linux 下【寄存器】的读写操作，看了一下代码，比较的精简

读寄存器

• 通过代码，获取寄存器的【物理地址】，然后Linux shell 运行 devmem2 reg_addr

root@a1000:/# devmem2

Usage:  devmem2 { address } [ type [ data ] ]
        address : memory address to act upon
        type    : access operation type : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ord, [l]ong
        data    : data to be written

• 每次可以读取一个寄存器，如果想读取更多的寄存器，建议修改这个工具的源码

root@a1000:/# devmem2 0x33002154
/dev/mem opened.
Memory mapped at address 0xffff865df000.
Read at address  0x33002154 (0xffff865df154): 0x001D5555

root@a1000:/# devmem2 0x33002158
/dev/mem opened.
Memory mapped at address 0xffff87bfc000.
Read at address  0x33002158 (0xffff87bfc158): 0x05555555

root@a1000:/# devmem2 0x3300215c
/dev/mem opened.
Memory mapped at address 0xffff8a26b000.
Read at address  0x3300215C (0xffff8a26b15c): 0x55550574

devmem2 下载

• 这个在 github https://github.com/radii/devmem2 找到了，代码比较的精简，先贴出来

/*
 * devmem2.c: Simple program to read/write from/to any location in memory.
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2000, Jan-Derk Bakker (jdb@lartmaker.nl)
 *
 *
 * This software has been developed for the LART computing board
 * (http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/). The development has been sponsored by
 * the Mobile MultiMedia Communications (http://www.mmc.tudelft.nl/)
 * and Ubiquitous Communications (http://www.ubicom.tudelft.nl/)
 * projects.
 *
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 *
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
  
#define FATAL do { fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d, file %s (%d) [%s]\n", \
  __LINE__, __FILE__, errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } while(0)
 
#define MAP_SIZE 4096UL
#define MAP_MASK (MAP_SIZE - 1)

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    int fd;
    void *map_base, *virt_addr; 
	unsigned long read_result, writeval;
	off_t target;
	int access_type = 'w';
	
	if(argc < 2) {
		fprintf(stderr, "\nUsage:\t%s { address } [ type [ data ] ]\n"
			"\taddress : memory address to act upon\n"
			"\ttype    : access operation type : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ord\n"
			"\tdata    : data to be written\n\n",
			argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	}
	target = strtoul(argv[1], 0, 0);

	if(argc > 2)
		access_type = tolower(argv[2][0]);


    if((fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) == -1) FATAL;
    printf("/dev/mem opened.\n"); 
    fflush(stdout);
    
    /* Map one page */
    map_base = mmap(0, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, target & ~MAP_MASK);
    if(map_base == (void *) -1) FATAL;
    printf("Memory mapped at address %p.\n", map_base); 
    fflush(stdout);
    
    virt_addr = map_base + (target & MAP_MASK);
    switch(access_type) {
		case 'b':
			read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
			break;
		case 'h':
			read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
			break;
		case 'w':
			read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);
			break;
		default:
			fprintf(stderr, "Illegal data type '%c'.\n", access_type);
			exit(2);
	}
    printf("Value at address 0x%X (%p): 0x%X\n", target, virt_addr, read_result); 
    fflush(stdout);

	if(argc > 3) {
		writeval = strtoul(argv[3], 0, 0);
		switch(access_type) {
			case 'b':
				*((unsigned char *) virt_addr) = writeval;
				read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);
				break;
			case 'h':
				*((unsigned short *) virt_addr) = writeval;
				read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);
				break;
			case 'w':
				*((unsigned long *) virt_addr) = writeval;
				read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);
				break;
		}
		printf("Written 0x%X; readback 0x%X\n", writeval, read_result); 
		fflush(stdout);
	}
	
	if(munmap(map_base, MAP_SIZE) == -1) FATAL;
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

交叉编译 devmem2

• 如嵌入式平台使用的是 aarch64 平台，则编译方法为：

$ aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc devmem2.c -o devmem


rtt@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/desay/devmem2$ ls
COPYING  devmem  devmem2.c  README.md

• 编程的产物：如 devmem，可以传入 嵌入式板子上运行