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class Box {
public:
    Box(double l, double w, double h) : length(l), width(w), height(h) {}

    double area() const {
        return 2 * (length * width + width * height + height * length);
    }

    double volume() const {
        return length * width * height;
    }

private:
    double length, width, height;
};

 

 

 

class IAnimal {
public:
    virtual void shout() const = 0; // 纯虚函数
    virtual ~IAnimal() {} // 虚析构函数
};

class Cat : public IAnimal {
public:
    void shout() const override {
        cout << "喵喵喵" << endl;
    }
};

class Dog : public IAnimal {
public:
    void shout() const override {
        cout << "汪汪汪" << endl;
    }
};