Linux常见指令大全（二）

云小逸

已于 2024-04-14 14:18:20 修改

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分类专栏： Linux学习文章标签： linux 服务器运维

于 2023-02-03 17:10:17 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_68865259/article/details/128854937

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文章目录

前言
7.man指令（重要）：
- 语法: man [选项] 命令
- 常用选项
8.cp指令（重要）：
- 语法：cp [选项] 源文件或目录目标文件或目录
- 功能: 复制文件或目录
- 说明:
- 常用选项：
9.mv指令（重要）：
- 语法: mv [选项] 源文件或目录目标文件或目录
- 功能:
- 常用选项：
- 举例：
10.cat
- 语法：cat [选项][文件]
- 功能：查看目标文件的内容
- 常用选项：
- 举例：
11.more指令
- 语法：more [选项][文件]
- 功能：more命令，功能类似 cat
- 常用选项：
- 举例：
12.less指令（重要）
- 语法： less [参数] 文件
- 功能：
- 选项：
13.head指令
- 语法： head [参数]... [文件]...
- 功能：
- 选项：
14.tail指令
- 语法： tail[必要参数][选择参数][文件]
- 功能：用于显示指定文件末尾内容，不指定文件时，作为输入信息进行处理。常用查看日志文件。
- 选项：
- 举例：（简单讲解重定向和管道）
最后

前言

今天我们开始进行Linux知识的学习，这篇文章主要是承接上一篇文章【Linux常见指令大全（一）】继续书写Linux的基本指令！！！本系列的Linux的指令操作都是在云服务器上操作的。
——————————————————————————————

7.man指令（重要）：

Linux的命令有很多参数，我们不可能全记住，我们可以通过查看联机手册获取帮助。访问Linux手册页的命令是man

语法: man [选项] 命令

常用选项

-k 根据关键字搜索联机帮助
num 只在第num章节找
-a 将所有章节的都显示出来，比如 man printf 它缺省从第一章开始搜索，知道就停止，用a选项，当按下q退出，他会继续往后面搜索，直到所有章节都搜索完毕。

解释一下,面手册分为8章

1 是普通的命令
2 是系统调用,如open,write之类的(通过这个，至少可以很方便的查到调用这个函数，需要加什么头文件)
3 是库函数,如printf,fread
4是特殊文件,也就是/dev下的各种设备文件
5 是指文件的格式,比如passwd,
就会说明这个文件中各个字段的含义
6 是给游戏留的,由各个游戏自己定义
7 是附件还有一些变量,比如向environ这种全局变量在这里就有说明
8 是系统管理用的命令,这些命令只能由root使用,如ifconfig

1.man是一个查看命令，系统调用，C接口的一个手册！
2.手册是有编号的。
3.man默认是从1号手册开始查找，找到即停。
4.man可以根据指定手册查找man1/2/3------命令/接口/C

上面是Linux系统对man指令的解释【man man】

8.cp指令（重要）：

语法：cp [选项] 源文件或目录目标文件或目录

功能: 复制文件或目录

说明:

cp指令用于复制文件或目录，如同时指定两个以上的文件或目录，且最后的目的地是一个已经存在的目录，
则它会把前面指定的所有文件或目录复制到此目录中。若同时指定多个文件或目录，而最后的目的地并非一个已存
在的目录，则会出现错误信息

常用选项：

-f 或 --force 强行复制文件或目录，不论目的文件或目录是否已经存在
-i 或 --interactive 覆盖文件之前先询问用户
-r递归处理，将指定目录下的文件与子目录一并处理。若源文件或目录的形态，不属于目录或符号链接，则一律视为普通文件处理8处理

cp 拷贝目录和文件，-r -f -i，同rm中的用法。

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.

0 directories, 0 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# touch test.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir a/b/c
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘a/b/c’: No such file or directory
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
`-- test.txt

0 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
`-- test.txt

3 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir d
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cp test.txt d
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
|-- d
|   `-- test.txt
`-- test.txt

4 directories, 2 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cp d a
cp: omitting directory ‘d’
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cp -rf d a
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   |-- b
|   |   `-- c
|   `-- d
|       `-- test.txt
|-- d
|   `-- test.txt
`-- test.txt

5 directories, 3 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]#

9.mv指令（重要）：

mv命令是move的缩写，可以用来移动文件或者将文件改名（move (rename) files），是Linux系统下常用的命
令，经常用来备份文件或者目录。

语法: mv [选项] 源文件或目录目标文件或目录

功能:

视mv命令中第二个参数类型的不同（是目标文件还是目标目录），mv命令将文件重命名或将其移至一个新的
目录中。
当第二个参数类型是文件时，mv命令完成文件重命名，此时，源文件只能有一个（也可以是源目录名），它
将所给的源文件或目录重命名为给定的目标文件名。
当第二个参数是已存在的目录名称时，源文件或目录参数可以有多个，mv命令将各参数指定的源文件均移至
目标目录中。

1.类似剪切功能，move，移动文件或者目录
2.对文件或者目录进行重命名

常用选项：

-f ：force 强制的意思，如果目标文件已经存在，不会询问而直接覆盖
-i ：若目标文件 (destination) 已经存在时，就会询问是否覆盖

举例：

将rm改造成mv
vim ~/.bashrc #修改这个文件
mkdir -p ~/.trash
alias rm=trash
alias ur=undelfile
undelfile() {
mv -i ~/.trash/\$@ ./
}
trash() {
mv $@ ~/.trash/
}

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.

0 directories, 0 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# touch test
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir a/b/c 
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘a/b/c’: No such file or directory
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
`-- test

3 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir s
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mv test s
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
`-- s
    `-- test

4 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mv s a
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
`-- a
    |-- b
    |   `-- c
    `-- s
        `-- test

4 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]#

10.cat

语法：cat [选项][文件]

功能：查看目标文件的内容

常用选项：

-b 对非空输出行编号
-n 对输出的所有行编号
-s 不输出多行空行

举例：

# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -le 1000 ] ; do echo "hello 106 [$cnt]"; let cnt++; done > test.txt

打印一千行【hello 106】在test.txt文件里；

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -le 1000 ] ; do echo "hello 106 [$cnt]"; let cnt++; done > test.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cat test.txt
hello 106 [0]
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
hello 106 [3]
hello 106 [4]
hello 106 [5]
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hello 106 [632]
hello 106 [633]
hello 106 [634]
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hello 106 [637]
hello 106 [638]
hello 106 [639]
hello 106 [640]
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hello 106 [649]
hello 106 [650]
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hello 106 [665]
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hello 106 [689]
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hello 106 [699]
hello 106 [700]
hello 106 [701]
hello 106 [702]
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hello 106 [706]
hello 106 [707]
hello 106 [708]
hello 106 [709]
hello 106 [710]
hello 106 [711]
hello 106 [712]
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hello 106 [714]
hello 106 [715]
hello 106 [716]
hello 106 [717]
hello 106 [718]
hello 106 [719]
hello 106 [720]
hello 106 [721]
hello 106 [722]
hello 106 [723]
hello 106 [724]
hello 106 [725]
hello 106 [726]
hello 106 [727]
hello 106 [728]
hello 106 [729]
hello 106 [730]
hello 106 [731]
hello 106 [732]
hello 106 [733]
hello 106 [734]
hello 106 [735]
hello 106 [736]
hello 106 [737]
hello 106 [738]
hello 106 [739]
hello 106 [740]
hello 106 [741]
hello 106 [742]
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hello 106 [744]
hello 106 [745]
hello 106 [746]
hello 106 [747]
hello 106 [748]
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hello 106 [750]
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hello 106 [756]
hello 106 [757]
hello 106 [758]
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hello 106 [760]
hello 106 [761]
hello 106 [762]
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hello 106 [764]
hello 106 [765]
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hello 106 [767]
hello 106 [768]
hello 106 [769]
hello 106 [770]
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hello 106 [775]
hello 106 [776]
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hello 106 [785]
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hello 106 [791]
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hello 106 [796]
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hello 106 [800]
hello 106 [801]
hello 106 [802]
hello 106 [803]
hello 106 [804]
hello 106 [805]
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hello 106 [807]
hello 106 [808]
hello 106 [809]
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hello 106 [812]
hello 106 [813]
hello 106 [814]
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hello 106 [816]
hello 106 [817]
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hello 106 [820]
hello 106 [821]
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hello 106 [825]
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hello 106 [827]
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hello 106 [830]
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hello 106 [838]
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hello 106 [840]
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hello 106 [850]
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hello 106 [865]
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hello 106 [876]
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hello 106 [883]
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hello 106 [889]
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hello 106 [892]
hello 106 [893]
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hello 106 [896]
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hello 106 [900]
hello 106 [901]
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hello 106 [911]
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hello 106 [920]
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hello 106 [925]
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hello 106 [930]
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hello 106 [937]
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hello 106 [939]
hello 106 [940]
hello 106 [941]
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hello 106 [969]
hello 106 [970]
hello 106 [971]
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hello 106 [978]
hello 106 [979]
hello 106 [980]
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hello 106 [989]
hello 106 [990]
hello 106 [991]
hello 106 [992]
hello 106 [993]
hello 106 [994]
hello 106 [995]
hello 106 [996]
hello 106 [997]
hello 106 [998]
hello 106 [999]
hello 106 [1000]
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cat -n  test.txt
     1	hello 106 [0]
     2	hello 106 [1]
     3	hello 106 [2]
     4	hello 106 [3]
     5	hello 106 [4]
     6	hello 106 [5]
     7	hello 106 [6]
     8	hello 106 [7]
     9	hello 106 [8]
    10	hello 106 [9]
    11	hello 106 [10]
    12	hello 106 [11]
    13	hello 106 [12]
    14	hello 106 [13]
    15	hello 106 [14]
    16	hello 106 [15]
    17	hello 106 [16]
    18	hello 106 [17]
    19	hello 106 [18]
    20	hello 106 [19]
    21	hello 106 [20]
    22	hello 106 [21]
    23	hello 106 [22]
    24	hello 106 [23]
    25	hello 106 [24]
    26	hello 106 [25]
    27	hello 106 [26]
    28	hello 106 [27]
    29	hello 106 [28]
    30	hello 106 [29]
    31	hello 106 [30]
    32	hello 106 [31]
    33	hello 106 [32]
    34	hello 106 [33]
    35	hello 106 [34]
    36	hello 106 [35]
    37	hello 106 [36]
    38	hello 106 [37]
    39	hello 106 [38]
    40	hello 106 [39]
    41	hello 106 [40]
    42	hello 106 [41]
    43	hello 106 [42]
    44	hello 106 [43]
    45	hello 106 [44]
    46	hello 106 [45]
    47	hello 106 [46]
    48	hello 106 [47]
    49	hello 106 [48]
    50	hello 106 [49]
    51	hello 106 [50]
    52	hello 106 [51]
    53	hello 106 [52]
    54	hello 106 [53]
    55	hello 106 [54]
    56	hello 106 [55]
    57	hello 106 [56]
    58	hello 106 [57]
    59	hello 106 [58]
    60	hello 106 [59]
    61	hello 106 [60]
    62	hello 106 [61]
    63	hello 106 [62]
    64	hello 106 [63]
    65	hello 106 [64]
    66	hello 106 [65]
    67	hello 106 [66]
    68	hello 106 [67]
    69	hello 106 [68]
    70	hello 106 [69]
    71	hello 106 [70]
    72	hello 106 [71]
    73	hello 106 [72]
    74	hello 106 [73]
    75	hello 106 [74]
    76	hello 106 [75]
    77	hello 106 [76]
    78	hello 106 [77]
    79	hello 106 [78]
    80	hello 106 [79]
    81	hello 106 [80]
    82	hello 106 [81]
    83	hello 106 [82]
    84	hello 106 [83]
    85	hello 106 [84]
    86	hello 106 [85]
    87	hello 106 [86]
    88	hello 106 [87]
    89	hello 106 [88]
    90	hello 106 [89]
    91	hello 106 [90]
    92	hello 106 [91]
    93	hello 106 [92]
    94	hello 106 [93]
    95	hello 106 [94]
    96	hello 106 [95]
    97	hello 106 [96]
    98	hello 106 [97]
    99	hello 106 [98]
   100	hello 106 [99]
   101	hello 106 [100]
   102	hello 106 [101]
   103	hello 106 [102]
   104	hello 106 [103]
   105	hello 106 [104]
   106	hello 106 [105]
   107	hello 106 [106]
   108	hello 106 [107]
   109	hello 106 [108]
   110	hello 106 [109]
   111	hello 106 [110]
   112	hello 106 [111]
   113	hello 106 [112]
   114	hello 106 [113]
   115	hello 106 [114]
   116	hello 106 [115]
   117	hello 106 [116]
   118	hello 106 [117]
   119	hello 106 [118]
   120	hello 106 [119]
   121	hello 106 [120]
   122	hello 106 [121]
   123	hello 106 [122]
   124	hello 106 [123]
   125	hello 106 [124]
   126	hello 106 [125]
   127	hello 106 [126]
   128	hello 106 [127]
   129	hello 106 [128]
   130	hello 106 [129]
   131	hello 106 [130]
   132	hello 106 [131]
   133	hello 106 [132]
   134	hello 106 [133]
   135	hello 106 [134]
   136	hello 106 [135]
   137	hello 106 [136]
   138	hello 106 [137]
   139	hello 106 [138]
   140	hello 106 [139]
   141	hello 106 [140]
   142	hello 106 [141]
   143	hello 106 [142]
   144	hello 106 [143]
   145	hello 106 [144]
   146	hello 106 [145]
   147	hello 106 [146]
   148	hello 106 [147]
   149	hello 106 [148]
   150	hello 106 [149]
   151	hello 106 [150]
   152	hello 106 [151]
   153	hello 106 [152]
   154	hello 106 [153]
   155	hello 106 [154]
   156	hello 106 [155]
   157	hello 106 [156]
   158	hello 106 [157]
   159	hello 106 [158]
   160	hello 106 [159]
   161	hello 106 [160]
   162	hello 106 [161]
   163	hello 106 [162]
   164	hello 106 [163]
   165	hello 106 [164]
   166	hello 106 [165]
   167	hello 106 [166]
   168	hello 106 [167]
   169	hello 106 [168]
   170	hello 106 [169]
   171	hello 106 [170]
   172	hello 106 [171]
   173	hello 106 [172]
   174	hello 106 [173]
   175	hello 106 [174]
   176	hello 106 [175]
   177	hello 106 [176]
   178	hello 106 [177]
   179	hello 106 [178]
   180	hello 106 [179]
   181	hello 106 [180]
   182	hello 106 [181]
   183	hello 106 [182]
   184	hello 106 [183]
   185	hello 106 [184]
   186	hello 106 [185]
   187	hello 106 [186]
   188	hello 106 [187]
   189	hello 106 [188]
   190	hello 106 [189]
   191	hello 106 [190]
   192	hello 106 [191]
   193	hello 106 [192]
   194	hello 106 [193]
   195	hello 106 [194]
   196	hello 106 [195]
   197	hello 106 [196]
   198	hello 106 [197]
   199	hello 106 [198]
   200	hello 106 [199]
   201	hello 106 [200]
   202	hello 106 [201]
   203	hello 106 [202]
   204	hello 106 [203]
   205	hello 106 [204]
   206	hello 106 [205]
   207	hello 106 [206]
   208	hello 106 [207]
   209	hello 106 [208]
   210	hello 106 [209]
   211	hello 106 [210]
   212	hello 106 [211]
   213	hello 106 [212]
   214	hello 106 [213]
   215	hello 106 [214]
   216	hello 106 [215]
   217	hello 106 [216]
   218	hello 106 [217]
   219	hello 106 [218]
   220	hello 106 [219]
   221	hello 106 [220]
   222	hello 106 [221]
   223	hello 106 [222]
   224	hello 106 [223]
   225	hello 106 [224]
   226	hello 106 [225]
   227	hello 106 [226]
   228	hello 106 [227]
   229	hello 106 [228]
   230	hello 106 [229]
   231	hello 106 [230]
   232	hello 106 [231]
   233	hello 106 [232]
   234	hello 106 [233]
   235	hello 106 [234]
   236	hello 106 [235]
   237	hello 106 [236]
   238	hello 106 [237]
   239	hello 106 [238]
   240	hello 106 [239]
   241	hello 106 [240]
   242	hello 106 [241]
   243	hello 106 [242]
   244	hello 106 [243]
   245	hello 106 [244]
   246	hello 106 [245]
   247	hello 106 [246]
   248	hello 106 [247]
   249	hello 106 [248]
   250	hello 106 [249]
   251	hello 106 [250]
   252	hello 106 [251]
   253	hello 106 [252]
   254	hello 106 [253]
   255	hello 106 [254]
   256	hello 106 [255]
   257	hello 106 [256]
   258	hello 106 [257]
   259	hello 106 [258]
   260	hello 106 [259]
   261	hello 106 [260]
   262	hello 106 [261]
   263	hello 106 [262]
   264	hello 106 [263]
   265	hello 106 [264]
   266	hello 106 [265]
   267	hello 106 [266]
   268	hello 106 [267]
   269	hello 106 [268]
   270	hello 106 [269]
   271	hello 106 [270]
   272	hello 106 [271]
   273	hello 106 [272]
   274	hello 106 [273]
   275	hello 106 [274]
   276	hello 106 [275]
   277	hello 106 [276]
   278	hello 106 [277]
   279	hello 106 [278]
   280	hello 106 [279]
   281	hello 106 [280]
   282	hello 106 [281]
   283	hello 106 [282]
   284	hello 106 [283]
   285	hello 106 [284]
   286	hello 106 [285]
   287	hello 106 [286]
   288	hello 106 [287]
   289	hello 106 [288]
   290	hello 106 [289]
   291	hello 106 [290]
   292	hello 106 [291]
   293	hello 106 [292]
   294	hello 106 [293]
   295	hello 106 [294]
   296	hello 106 [295]
   297	hello 106 [296]
   298	hello 106 [297]
   299	hello 106 [298]
   300	hello 106 [299]
   301	hello 106 [300]
   302	hello 106 [301]
   303	hello 106 [302]
   304	hello 106 [303]
   305	hello 106 [304]
   306	hello 106 [305]
   307	hello 106 [306]
   308	hello 106 [307]
   309	hello 106 [308]
   310	hello 106 [309]
   311	hello 106 [310]
   312	hello 106 [311]
   313	hello 106 [312]
   314	hello 106 [313]
   315	hello 106 [314]
   316	hello 106 [315]
   317	hello 106 [316]
   318	hello 106 [317]
   319	hello 106 [318]
   320	hello 106 [319]
   321	hello 106 [320]
   322	hello 106 [321]
   323	hello 106 [322]
   324	hello 106 [323]
   325	hello 106 [324]
   326	hello 106 [325]
   327	hello 106 [326]
   328	hello 106 [327]
   329	hello 106 [328]
   330	hello 106 [329]
   331	hello 106 [330]
   332	hello 106 [331]
   333	hello 106 [332]
   334	hello 106 [333]
   335	hello 106 [334]
   336	hello 106 [335]
   337	hello 106 [336]
   338	hello 106 [337]
   339	hello 106 [338]
   340	hello 106 [339]
   341	hello 106 [340]
   342	hello 106 [341]
   343	hello 106 [342]
   344	hello 106 [343]
   345	hello 106 [344]
   346	hello 106 [345]
   347	hello 106 [346]
   348	hello 106 [347]
   349	hello 106 [348]
   350	hello 106 [349]
   351	hello 106 [350]
   352	hello 106 [351]
   353	hello 106 [352]
   354	hello 106 [353]
   355	hello 106 [354]
   356	hello 106 [355]
   357	hello 106 [356]
   358	hello 106 [357]
   359	hello 106 [358]
   360	hello 106 [359]
   361	hello 106 [360]
   362	hello 106 [361]
   363	hello 106 [362]
   364	hello 106 [363]
   365	hello 106 [364]
   366	hello 106 [365]
   367	hello 106 [366]
   368	hello 106 [367]
   369	hello 106 [368]
   370	hello 106 [369]
   371	hello 106 [370]
   372	hello 106 [371]
   373	hello 106 [372]
   374	hello 106 [373]
   375	hello 106 [374]
   376	hello 106 [375]
   377	hello 106 [376]
   378	hello 106 [377]
   379	hello 106 [378]
   380	hello 106 [379]
   381	hello 106 [380]
   382	hello 106 [381]
   383	hello 106 [382]
   384	hello 106 [383]
   385	hello 106 [384]
   386	hello 106 [385]
   387	hello 106 [386]
   388	hello 106 [387]
   389	hello 106 [388]
   390	hello 106 [389]
   391	hello 106 [390]
   392	hello 106 [391]
   393	hello 106 [392]
   394	hello 106 [393]
   395	hello 106 [394]
   396	hello 106 [395]
   397	hello 106 [396]
   398	hello 106 [397]
   399	hello 106 [398]
   400	hello 106 [399]
   401	hello 106 [400]
   402	hello 106 [401]
   403	hello 106 [402]
   404	hello 106 [403]
   405	hello 106 [404]
   406	hello 106 [405]
   407	hello 106 [406]
   408	hello 106 [407]
   409	hello 106 [408]
   410	hello 106 [409]
   411	hello 106 [410]
   412	hello 106 [411]
   413	hello 106 [412]
   414	hello 106 [413]
   415	hello 106 [414]
   416	hello 106 [415]
   417	hello 106 [416]
   418	hello 106 [417]
   419	hello 106 [418]
   420	hello 106 [419]
   421	hello 106 [420]
   422	hello 106 [421]
   423	hello 106 [422]
   424	hello 106 [423]
   425	hello 106 [424]
   426	hello 106 [425]
   427	hello 106 [426]
   428	hello 106 [427]
   429	hello 106 [428]
   430	hello 106 [429]
   431	hello 106 [430]
   432	hello 106 [431]
   433	hello 106 [432]
   434	hello 106 [433]
   435	hello 106 [434]
   436	hello 106 [435]
   437	hello 106 [436]
   438	hello 106 [437]
   439	hello 106 [438]
   440	hello 106 [439]
   441	hello 106 [440]
   442	hello 106 [441]
   443	hello 106 [442]
   444	hello 106 [443]
   445	hello 106 [444]
   446	hello 106 [445]
   447	hello 106 [446]
   448	hello 106 [447]
   449	hello 106 [448]
   450	hello 106 [449]
   451	hello 106 [450]
   452	hello 106 [451]
   453	hello 106 [452]
   454	hello 106 [453]
   455	hello 106 [454]
   456	hello 106 [455]
   457	hello 106 [456]
   458	hello 106 [457]
   459	hello 106 [458]
   460	hello 106 [459]
   461	hello 106 [460]
   462	hello 106 [461]
   463	hello 106 [462]
   464	hello 106 [463]
   465	hello 106 [464]
   466	hello 106 [465]
   467	hello 106 [466]
   468	hello 106 [467]
   469	hello 106 [468]
   470	hello 106 [469]
   471	hello 106 [470]
   472	hello 106 [471]
   473	hello 106 [472]
   474	hello 106 [473]
   475	hello 106 [474]
   476	hello 106 [475]
   477	hello 106 [476]
   478	hello 106 [477]
   479	hello 106 [478]
   480	hello 106 [479]
   481	hello 106 [480]
   482	hello 106 [481]
   483	hello 106 [482]
   484	hello 106 [483]
   485	hello 106 [484]
   486	hello 106 [485]
   487	hello 106 [486]
   488	hello 106 [487]
   489	hello 106 [488]
   490	hello 106 [489]
   491	hello 106 [490]
   492	hello 106 [491]
   493	hello 106 [492]
   494	hello 106 [493]
   495	hello 106 [494]
   496	hello 106 [495]
   497	hello 106 [496]
   498	hello 106 [497]
   499	hello 106 [498]
   500	hello 106 [499]
   501	hello 106 [500]
   502	hello 106 [501]
   503	hello 106 [502]
   504	hello 106 [503]
   505	hello 106 [504]
   506	hello 106 [505]
   507	hello 106 [506]
   508	hello 106 [507]
   509	hello 106 [508]
   510	hello 106 [509]
   511	hello 106 [510]
   512	hello 106 [511]
   513	hello 106 [512]
   514	hello 106 [513]
   515	hello 106 [514]
   516	hello 106 [515]
   517	hello 106 [516]
   518	hello 106 [517]
   519	hello 106 [518]
   520	hello 106 [519]
   521	hello 106 [520]
   522	hello 106 [521]
   523	hello 106 [522]
   524	hello 106 [523]
   525	hello 106 [524]
   526	hello 106 [525]
   527	hello 106 [526]
   528	hello 106 [527]
   529	hello 106 [528]
   530	hello 106 [529]
   531	hello 106 [530]
   532	hello 106 [531]
   533	hello 106 [532]
   534	hello 106 [533]
   535	hello 106 [534]
   536	hello 106 [535]
   537	hello 106 [536]
   538	hello 106 [537]
   539	hello 106 [538]
   540	hello 106 [539]
   541	hello 106 [540]
   542	hello 106 [541]
   543	hello 106 [542]
   544	hello 106 [543]
   545	hello 106 [544]
   546	hello 106 [545]
   547	hello 106 [546]
   548	hello 106 [547]
   549	hello 106 [548]
   550	hello 106 [549]
   551	hello 106 [550]
   552	hello 106 [551]
   553	hello 106 [552]
   554	hello 106 [553]
   555	hello 106 [554]
   556	hello 106 [555]
   557	hello 106 [556]
   558	hello 106 [557]
   559	hello 106 [558]
   560	hello 106 [559]
   561	hello 106 [560]
   562	hello 106 [561]
   563	hello 106 [562]
   564	hello 106 [563]
   565	hello 106 [564]
   566	hello 106 [565]
   567	hello 106 [566]
   568	hello 106 [567]
   569	hello 106 [568]
   570	hello 106 [569]
   571	hello 106 [570]
   572	hello 106 [571]
   573	hello 106 [572]
   574	hello 106 [573]
   575	hello 106 [574]
   576	hello 106 [575]
   577	hello 106 [576]
   578	hello 106 [577]
   579	hello 106 [578]
   580	hello 106 [579]
   581	hello 106 [580]
   582	hello 106 [581]
   583	hello 106 [582]
   584	hello 106 [583]
   585	hello 106 [584]
   586	hello 106 [585]
   587	hello 106 [586]
   588	hello 106 [587]
   589	hello 106 [588]
   590	hello 106 [589]
   591	hello 106 [590]
   592	hello 106 [591]
   593	hello 106 [592]
   594	hello 106 [593]
   595	hello 106 [594]
   596	hello 106 [595]
   597	hello 106 [596]
   598	hello 106 [597]
   599	hello 106 [598]
   600	hello 106 [599]
   601	hello 106 [600]
   602	hello 106 [601]
   603	hello 106 [602]
   604	hello 106 [603]
   605	hello 106 [604]
   606	hello 106 [605]
   607	hello 106 [606]
   608	hello 106 [607]
   609	hello 106 [608]
   610	hello 106 [609]
   611	hello 106 [610]
   612	hello 106 [611]
   613	hello 106 [612]
   614	hello 106 [613]
   615	hello 106 [614]
   616	hello 106 [615]
   617	hello 106 [616]
   618	hello 106 [617]
   619	hello 106 [618]
   620	hello 106 [619]
   621	hello 106 [620]
   622	hello 106 [621]
   623	hello 106 [622]
   624	hello 106 [623]
   625	hello 106 [624]
   626	hello 106 [625]
   627	hello 106 [626]
   628	hello 106 [627]
   629	hello 106 [628]
   630	hello 106 [629]
   631	hello 106 [630]
   632	hello 106 [631]
   633	hello 106 [632]
   634	hello 106 [633]
   635	hello 106 [634]
   636	hello 106 [635]
   637	hello 106 [636]
   638	hello 106 [637]
   639	hello 106 [638]
   640	hello 106 [639]
   641	hello 106 [640]
   642	hello 106 [641]
   643	hello 106 [642]
   644	hello 106 [643]
   645	hello 106 [644]
   646	hello 106 [645]
   647	hello 106 [646]
   648	hello 106 [647]
   649	hello 106 [648]
   650	hello 106 [649]
   651	hello 106 [650]
   652	hello 106 [651]
   653	hello 106 [652]
   654	hello 106 [653]
   655	hello 106 [654]
   656	hello 106 [655]
   657	hello 106 [656]
   658	hello 106 [657]
   659	hello 106 [658]
   660	hello 106 [659]
   661	hello 106 [660]
   662	hello 106 [661]
   663	hello 106 [662]
   664	hello 106 [663]
   665	hello 106 [664]
   666	hello 106 [665]
   667	hello 106 [666]
   668	hello 106 [667]
   669	hello 106 [668]
   670	hello 106 [669]
   671	hello 106 [670]
   672	hello 106 [671]
   673	hello 106 [672]
   674	hello 106 [673]
   675	hello 106 [674]
   676	hello 106 [675]
   677	hello 106 [676]
   678	hello 106 [677]
   679	hello 106 [678]
   680	hello 106 [679]
   681	hello 106 [680]
   682	hello 106 [681]
   683	hello 106 [682]
   684	hello 106 [683]
   685	hello 106 [684]
   686	hello 106 [685]
   687	hello 106 [686]
   688	hello 106 [687]
   689	hello 106 [688]
   690	hello 106 [689]
   691	hello 106 [690]
   692	hello 106 [691]
   693	hello 106 [692]
   694	hello 106 [693]
   695	hello 106 [694]
   696	hello 106 [695]
   697	hello 106 [696]
   698	hello 106 [697]
   699	hello 106 [698]
   700	hello 106 [699]
   701	hello 106 [700]
   702	hello 106 [701]
   703	hello 106 [702]
   704	hello 106 [703]
   705	hello 106 [704]
   706	hello 106 [705]
   707	hello 106 [706]
   708	hello 106 [707]
   709	hello 106 [708]
   710	hello 106 [709]
   711	hello 106 [710]
   712	hello 106 [711]
   713	hello 106 [712]
   714	hello 106 [713]
   715	hello 106 [714]
   716	hello 106 [715]
   717	hello 106 [716]
   718	hello 106 [717]
   719	hello 106 [718]
   720	hello 106 [719]
   721	hello 106 [720]
   722	hello 106 [721]
   723	hello 106 [722]
   724	hello 106 [723]
   725	hello 106 [724]
   726	hello 106 [725]
   727	hello 106 [726]
   728	hello 106 [727]
   729	hello 106 [728]
   730	hello 106 [729]
   731	hello 106 [730]
   732	hello 106 [731]
   733	hello 106 [732]
   734	hello 106 [733]
   735	hello 106 [734]
   736	hello 106 [735]
   737	hello 106 [736]
   738	hello 106 [737]
   739	hello 106 [738]
   740	hello 106 [739]
   741	hello 106 [740]
   742	hello 106 [741]
   743	hello 106 [742]
   744	hello 106 [743]
   745	hello 106 [744]
   746	hello 106 [745]
   747	hello 106 [746]
   748	hello 106 [747]
   749	hello 106 [748]
   750	hello 106 [749]
   751	hello 106 [750]
   752	hello 106 [751]
   753	hello 106 [752]
   754	hello 106 [753]
   755	hello 106 [754]
   756	hello 106 [755]
   757	hello 106 [756]
   758	hello 106 [757]
   759	hello 106 [758]
   760	hello 106 [759]
   761	hello 106 [760]
   762	hello 106 [761]
   763	hello 106 [762]
   764	hello 106 [763]
   765	hello 106 [764]
   766	hello 106 [765]
   767	hello 106 [766]
   768	hello 106 [767]
   769	hello 106 [768]
   770	hello 106 [769]
   771	hello 106 [770]
   772	hello 106 [771]
   773	hello 106 [772]
   774	hello 106 [773]
   775	hello 106 [774]
   776	hello 106 [775]
   777	hello 106 [776]
   778	hello 106 [777]
   779	hello 106 [778]
   780	hello 106 [779]
   781	hello 106 [780]
   782	hello 106 [781]
   783	hello 106 [782]
   784	hello 106 [783]
   785	hello 106 [784]
   786	hello 106 [785]
   787	hello 106 [786]
   788	hello 106 [787]
   789	hello 106 [788]
   790	hello 106 [789]
   791	hello 106 [790]
   792	hello 106 [791]
   793	hello 106 [792]
   794	hello 106 [793]
   795	hello 106 [794]
   796	hello 106 [795]
   797	hello 106 [796]
   798	hello 106 [797]
   799	hello 106 [798]
   800	hello 106 [799]
   801	hello 106 [800]
   802	hello 106 [801]
   803	hello 106 [802]
   804	hello 106 [803]
   805	hello 106 [804]
   806	hello 106 [805]
   807	hello 106 [806]
   808	hello 106 [807]
   809	hello 106 [808]
   810	hello 106 [809]
   811	hello 106 [810]
   812	hello 106 [811]
   813	hello 106 [812]
   814	hello 106 [813]
   815	hello 106 [814]
   816	hello 106 [815]
   817	hello 106 [816]
   818	hello 106 [817]
   819	hello 106 [818]
   820	hello 106 [819]
   821	hello 106 [820]
   822	hello 106 [821]
   823	hello 106 [822]
   824	hello 106 [823]
   825	hello 106 [824]
   826	hello 106 [825]
   827	hello 106 [826]
   828	hello 106 [827]
   829	hello 106 [828]
   830	hello 106 [829]
   831	hello 106 [830]
   832	hello 106 [831]
   833	hello 106 [832]
   834	hello 106 [833]
   835	hello 106 [834]
   836	hello 106 [835]
   837	hello 106 [836]
   838	hello 106 [837]
   839	hello 106 [838]
   840	hello 106 [839]
   841	hello 106 [840]
   842	hello 106 [841]
   843	hello 106 [842]
   844	hello 106 [843]
   845	hello 106 [844]
   846	hello 106 [845]
   847	hello 106 [846]
   848	hello 106 [847]
   849	hello 106 [848]
   850	hello 106 [849]
   851	hello 106 [850]
   852	hello 106 [851]
   853	hello 106 [852]
   854	hello 106 [853]
   855	hello 106 [854]
   856	hello 106 [855]
   857	hello 106 [856]
   858	hello 106 [857]
   859	hello 106 [858]
   860	hello 106 [859]
   861	hello 106 [860]
   862	hello 106 [861]
   863	hello 106 [862]
   864	hello 106 [863]
   865	hello 106 [864]
   866	hello 106 [865]
   867	hello 106 [866]
   868	hello 106 [867]
   869	hello 106 [868]
   870	hello 106 [869]
   871	hello 106 [870]
   872	hello 106 [871]
   873	hello 106 [872]
   874	hello 106 [873]
   875	hello 106 [874]
   876	hello 106 [875]
   877	hello 106 [876]
   878	hello 106 [877]
   879	hello 106 [878]
   880	hello 106 [879]
   881	hello 106 [880]
   882	hello 106 [881]
   883	hello 106 [882]
   884	hello 106 [883]
   885	hello 106 [884]
   886	hello 106 [885]
   887	hello 106 [886]
   888	hello 106 [887]
   889	hello 106 [888]
   890	hello 106 [889]
   891	hello 106 [890]
   892	hello 106 [891]
   893	hello 106 [892]
   894	hello 106 [893]
   895	hello 106 [894]
   896	hello 106 [895]
   897	hello 106 [896]
   898	hello 106 [897]
   899	hello 106 [898]
   900	hello 106 [899]
   901	hello 106 [900]
   902	hello 106 [901]
   903	hello 106 [902]
   904	hello 106 [903]
   905	hello 106 [904]
   906	hello 106 [905]
   907	hello 106 [906]
   908	hello 106 [907]
   909	hello 106 [908]
   910	hello 106 [909]
   911	hello 106 [910]
   912	hello 106 [911]
   913	hello 106 [912]
   914	hello 106 [913]
   915	hello 106 [914]
   916	hello 106 [915]
   917	hello 106 [916]
   918	hello 106 [917]
   919	hello 106 [918]
   920	hello 106 [919]
   921	hello 106 [920]
   922	hello 106 [921]
   923	hello 106 [922]
   924	hello 106 [923]
   925	hello 106 [924]
   926	hello 106 [925]
   927	hello 106 [926]
   928	hello 106 [927]
   929	hello 106 [928]
   930	hello 106 [929]
   931	hello 106 [930]
   932	hello 106 [931]
   933	hello 106 [932]
   934	hello 106 [933]
   935	hello 106 [934]
   936	hello 106 [935]
   937	hello 106 [936]
   938	hello 106 [937]
   939	hello 106 [938]
   940	hello 106 [939]
   941	hello 106 [940]
   942	hello 106 [941]
   943	hello 106 [942]
   944	hello 106 [943]
   945	hello 106 [944]
   946	hello 106 [945]
   947	hello 106 [946]
   948	hello 106 [947]
   949	hello 106 [948]
   950	hello 106 [949]
   951	hello 106 [950]
   952	hello 106 [951]
   953	hello 106 [952]
   954	hello 106 [953]
   955	hello 106 [954]
   956	hello 106 [955]
   957	hello 106 [956]
   958	hello 106 [957]
   959	hello 106 [958]
   960	hello 106 [959]
   961	hello 106 [960]
   962	hello 106 [961]
   963	hello 106 [962]
   964	hello 106 [963]
   965	hello 106 [964]
   966	hello 106 [965]
   967	hello 106 [966]
   968	hello 106 [967]
   969	hello 106 [968]
   970	hello 106 [969]
   971	hello 106 [970]
   972	hello 106 [971]
   973	hello 106 [972]
   974	hello 106 [973]
   975	hello 106 [974]
   976	hello 106 [975]
   977	hello 106 [976]
   978	hello 106 [977]
   979	hello 106 [978]
   980	hello 106 [979]
   981	hello 106 [980]
   982	hello 106 [981]
   983	hello 106 [982]
   984	hello 106 [983]
   985	hello 106 [984]
   986	hello 106 [985]
   987	hello 106 [986]
   988	hello 106 [987]
   989	hello 106 [988]
   990	hello 106 [989]
   991	hello 106 [990]
   992	hello 106 [991]
   993	hello 106 [992]
   994	hello 106 [993]
   995	hello 106 [994]
   996	hello 106 [995]
   997	hello 106 [996]
   998	hello 106 [997]
   999	hello 106 [998]
  1000	hello 106 [999]
  1001	hello 106 [1000]
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]#

cat指令是从第一行打印文本内容！！！
tac是逆序打印文本内容
但是两者不还是会查看大文本，适合小文本或者代码片段！

11.more指令

语法：more [选项][文件]

功能：more命令，功能类似 cat

常用选项：

-n 对输出的所有行编号
q 退出more

举例：

[atong@LiWenTong ~]$ ls -l / | more
total 162
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 25 05:39 bin
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 1024 Apr 25 04:11boot
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 3820 May 4 23:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x 84 root root 4096 May 5 00:37 etc

在这里插入图片描述

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# more -10 test.txt
# 打印文本的前十行
hello 106 [0]
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
hello 106 [3]
hello 106 [4]
hello 106 [5]
hello 106 [6]
hello 106 [7]
hello 106 [8]
hello 106 [9]
--More--(0%)

12.less指令（重要）

less 工具也是对文件或其它输出进行分页显示的工具，应该说是linux正统查看文件内容的工具，功能极其强大。 less 的用法比起
more 更加的有弹性。在 more 的时候，我们并没有办法向前面翻，只能往后面看但若使用了 less 时，就可以使用
[pageup][pagedown] 等按键的功能来往前往后翻看文件，更容易用来查看一个文件的内容！除此之外，在 less
里头可以拥有更多的搜索功能，不止可以向下搜，也可以向上搜

。

语法： less [参数] 文件

功能：

less与more类似，但使用less可以随意浏览文件，而more仅能向前移动，却不能向后移动，而且less在查看之前
不会加载整个文件。

选项：

-i 忽略搜索时的大小写
-N 显示每行的行号
/字符串：向下搜索“字符串”的功能
?字符串：向上搜索“字符串”的功能
n：重复前一个搜索（与 / 或 ? 有关）
N：反向重复前一个搜索（与 / 或 ? 有关） q:quit

less  test.txt

在这里插入图片描述
使用less查看的时候，可以上下键进行查看
less和more适合查看大文本

在这里插入图片描述
可以在光标处输入/然后再输入你想查找的东西即可

13.head指令

head 与 tail 就像它的名字一样的浅显易懂，它是用来显示开头或结尾某个数量的文字区块，head 用来显示档案的开头至标准输出中，而
tail 想当然尔就是看档案的结尾。

语法： head [参数]… [文件]…

功能：

head 用来显示档案的开头至标准输出中，默认head命令打印其相应文件的开头10行。

选项：

-n<行数> 显示的行数

14.tail指令

tail 命令从指定点开始将文件写到标准输出.使用tail命令的-f选项可以方便的查阅正在改变的日志文件,tail - ffilename会把filename里最尾部的内容显示在屏幕上,并且不但刷新,使你看到最新的文件内容.

语法： tail[必要参数][选择参数][文件]

功能：用于显示指定文件末尾内容，不指定文件时，作为输入信息进行处理。常用查看日志文件。

选项：

-f 循环读取
-n<行数> 显示行数

举例：（简单讲解重定向和管道）

有一个文件共有100行内容，请取出第50行内容<br>
seq 1 100 > test # 生成1到100的序列装入test
方法1 head -n50 test > tmp #将前50行装入临时文件tmp
tail -n1 tmp #得到中建行
方法2 head -n50 test | tail -n1

【取前三和后三】

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# less  test.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# head -3 test.txt
hello 106 [0]
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tail -3 test.txt
hello 106 [998]
hello 106 [999]
hello 106 [1000]

【输出中间三个】

1.临时文件的方案：

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# head -101 test.txt > tem.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tail -3 tem.txt
hello 106 [98]
hello 106 [99]
hello 106 [100]

【>】重定向符将内容写入后面的文本文件中

2.管道：

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# head -101 test.txt | tail -3
hello 106 [98]
hello 106 [99]
hello 106 [100]

在这里插入图片描述
并逆置，提前前三行

最后

十分感谢你可以耐着性子把它读完和我可以坚持写到这里，送几句话，对你，也对我：

1.有时候你可以自私，你不必坚强，你可以哭泣，你可以做任何别人无法理解的事情来发泄你的烦恼(别犯法)，当你休息好，要记得再出发。

2.很多成就，大的成就小的成就，都是在痛苦，挫折，困难中收获的。只做简单的事情，你没法成长也很正常。

3.注意健康，好好活着。来人间一趟不容易。

4.当你害怕时不要退缩，我劝你迎难而上，如果你是个小朋友，在学校被人揍了，一定要当场给我揍回去，但是反击适当，不要太重。哪怕打不过，下一次他揍你之前也会好好想想。如果你不反击，他连想都不会想。

5.如果有一天，让你心动的再也感动不了你，让你愤怒的再也激怒不了你，让你悲伤的再也不能让你流泪，你便知道这时光、这生活给了你什么，你为了成长，付出了什么。

最后如果觉得我写的还不错，请不要忘记点赞✌，收藏✌，加关注✌哦(｡･ω･｡)

愿我们一起加油，奔向更美好的未来，愿我们从懵懵懂懂的一枚菜鸟逐渐成为大佬。加油，为自己点赞！

云小逸

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专栏目录

Linux常见指令大全（二）

文章目录

前言

​

7.man指令（重要）：

语法: man [选项] 命令

常用选项

8.cp指令（重要）：

语法：cp [选项] 源文件或目录 目标文件或目录

功能: 复制文件或目录

说明:

常用选项：

9.mv指令（重要）：

语法: mv [选项] 源文件或目录 目标文件或目录

功能:

常用选项：

举例：

10.cat

语法：cat [选项][文件]

功能： 查看目标文件的内容

常用选项：

举例：

11.more指令

语法：more [选项][文件]

功能：more命令，功能类似 cat

常用选项：

举例：

12.less指令（重要）

语法： less [参数] 文件

功能：

选项：

13.head指令

语法： head [参数]… [文件]…

功能：

选项：

14.tail指令

语法： tail[必要参数][选择参数][文件]

功能： 用于显示指定文件末尾内容，不指定文件时，作为输入信息进行处理。常用查看日志文件。

选项：

举例：（简单讲解重定向和管道）

【取前三和后三】

【输出中间三个】

1.临时文件的方案：

2.管道：

最后

​

语法：cp [选项] 源文件或目录目标文件或目录

语法: mv [选项] 源文件或目录目标文件或目录

功能：查看目标文件的内容

功能：用于显示指定文件末尾内容，不指定文件时，作为输入信息进行处理。常用查看日志文件。