爬虫之牛刀小试（四）：爬取B站番剧的简介

今天爬取的是b站。

如何爬取b站中的番剧呢？

首先我们来到番剧索引中，随便点开一部动漫，检查代码。

每个作品对应一个链接: https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/play/ss…（ss后面的数字称为ss号）

发现关于动漫的信息在这里

‘script’, id=“NEXT_DATA”

关键是如何获取ss号？

随便乱找一下，发现有media_id，于是点进去看一下


于是肯定了对应的api接口：api.bilibili.com /pgc/review/user?media_id=…&ts=…

这样子就解决了如何爬取每部番剧的网址了。

获取每部番剧的title和url就行，接着只要匹配获取简介的内容就行了。

其返回的是一个json字典。

我们只要选出我们感兴趣的内容，比如配音演员，硬币等内容。

最后保存在xlsx文件即可。

奉上代码如下所示：

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
import urllib.request as ur
import urllib.parse as up
import urllib.error as ue
import http.cookiejar as hc

import re
import gzip
import json

import time
import os
import socket

os.chdir(r'...')
socket.setdefaulttimeout(30)
cookie=''
###    配置爬虫条件   ###
# 设置请求头
# api请求头

apiheaders={
    'Host': 'api.bilibili.com',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
    'Accept':' application/json, text/plain, */*',
    'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'empty',
    'User-Agent': '',
    'Origin': 'https://www.bilibili.com',
    'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-site',
    'Sec-Fetch-User': '?1',
    'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
    'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
    'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/anime/index/',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Cookie':cookie
}
# 网页请求头
wwwheaders={
    'Host': 'www.bilibili.com',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0',
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
    'User-Agent': '',
    'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9',
    'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-origin',
    'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
    'Sec-Fetch-User': '?1',
    'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/anime/index/',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Cookie':cookie
}
# 图片请求头
imageheaders={
    'Host': 'i0.hdslb.com',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'User-Agent': '',
    'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'image',
    'Accept': 'image/webp,image/apng,image/*,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'cross-site',
    'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'no-cors',
    'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/media/md1178/?from=search&seid=17806546061422186816',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9'
}
# 创建cookiejar对象
cj=hc.CookieJar()
# 根据cookiejar创建handler对象
hl=ur.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj)
# 根据handler创建opener对象
opener=ur.build_opener(hl)

###  爬取ss号  ##

# 番剧区索引
def ssdownload():
    sslist=list()
    pattern=re.compile(r'https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/play/ss\d+')
    pattern2=re.compile(r'"title":"(.*?)"')
    for i in range(1,11):
        url='https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/season/index/result?season_version=-1&area=-1&is_finish=-1&copyright=-1&season_status=-1&season_month=-1&year=-1&style_id=-1&order=5&st=1&sort=0&page='+str(i)+'&season_type=1&pagesize=20&type=1'
        print('正在获取第'+str(i)+'页番剧信息')
        print(url)
        try_time=0
        while try_time<=5:
            try:
                r=ur.Request(url=url,headers=apiheaders)
                response=opener.open(r) 
                break
            except ue.HTTPError as e:
                print('网页不存在...跳过')
                break
            except Exception as e:
                try_time+=1
                print('重新尝试',try_time)
        else:
            raise Exception('下载失败!!')
        
        
        try:
            content=str(gzip.decompress(response.read()),'utf-8')
        except Exception as e:
            break
            
        response.close()
        
        titles=re.findall(pattern2,content)
        ssurl=re.findall(pattern,content)
        
        
        for i in range(len(ssurl)):
            sslist.append({'title':titles[i],'ssurl':ssurl[i]}) 
    return sslist

###  访问ss链接 ###
def mddownload(sslist):
    datajson=[]
    for each_ssurl in sslist:
        print('正在下载第'+str(sslist.index(each_ssurl)+1)+'个番剧')
        print('第'+str(sslist.index(each_ssurl)+1)+'个番剧网址为'+each_ssurl['ssurl'])
        try_time=0
        httperror=False
        while try_time<=5:
            try:
                r=ur.Request(url=each_ssurl['ssurl'],headers=wwwheaders)
                response=opener.open(r) 
                break
            except ue.HTTPError as e:
                httperror=True
                print('网页不存在...跳过')
                break
            except Exception as e:
                try_time+=1
                print('重新尝试',try_time)
        else:
            raise Exception('下载失败!!')
        
        if httperror:
            continue
        
        content=str(gzip.decompress(response.read()),'utf-8')
        response.close()
        soup=bs(content, features="lxml")
        script_tag = soup.find('script', id="__NEXT_DATA__")
        if script_tag is not None:
            json_text = script_tag.string
            data = json.loads(json_text)
            datajson.append(data)
    return datajson

def getdata(datajson):
    data=[]
    for each_data in datajson:
        each_data=each_data['props']['pageProps']["dehydratedState"]["queries"][0]["state"]["data"]["seasonInfo"]['mediaInfo']
        data.append({'title':each_data['title'],'media_id':each_data['media_id'],'season_id':each_data['season_id'],
                     "coins":each_data["stat"]['coins'],"danmakus":each_data["stat"]['danmakus'],"favorite":each_data["stat"]['favorite'],
                     "favorites":each_data["stat"]['favorites'],"follow_text":each_data["stat"]['follow_text'],"reply":each_data["stat"]['reply'],
                     "likes":each_data["stat"]['likes'],"share":each_data["stat"]['share'],"views":each_data["stat"]['views'],
                    'evaluate':each_data['evaluate'],'styles':each_data['styles'],'actors':each_data['actors'],
                    'staff':each_data['staff'],'publish':each_data['publish'],
                    })
        print('成功写入有关'+each_data['title']+'的数据')
    return data

if __name__=='__main__':
    sslist=ssdownload()
    datajson=mddownload(sslist)
    data=getdata(datajson)
    df=pd.DataFrame(data)
    df.to_excel('bilibili.xlsx',index=False)
    print('爬取完成！')   

User-Agent和cookie用自己的，具体可以自行搜索如何操作。

代码运行效果：

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