Docker学习之镜像管理（超详解析）

真的jemas

已于 2024-03-14 10:45:24 修改

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文章标签： docker 运维 linux 学习

于 2024-03-13 17:23:36 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_69037277/article/details/136685445

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Docker镜像生命周期（可以把docker镜像理解为虚拟机镜像）

实验内容：

搜索官方仓库镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search busybox //以查找busybox为例
搜索说明：name镜像名称   description镜像说明   stars点赞数量  official是否是官方的  automated是否是自动构建的
NAME                                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
busybox                             Busybox base image.                             3225                [OK]                
radial/busyboxplus                  Full-chain, Internet enabled, busybox made f…   56                                      [OK]
yauritux/busybox-curl               Busybox with CURL                               25                                      
arm32v7/busybox                     Busybox base image.                             10                                      
arm64v8/busybox                     Busybox base image.                             8                                       
odise/busybox-curl                                                                  4                                       [OK]
i386/busybox                        Busybox base image.                             3                                       
s390x/busybox                       Busybox base image.                             3                                       
prom/busybox                        Prometheus Busybox Docker base images           2                                       [OK]
p7ppc64/busybox                     Busybox base image for ppc64.                   2                                       
hugegraph/busybox                   test image                                      2                                       
joeshaw/busybox-nonroot             Busybox container with non-root user nobody     2                                       
busybox42/zimbra-docker-centos      A Zimbra Docker image, based in ZCS 8.8.9 an…   2                                       [OK]
openebs/busybox-client                                                              1                                       
amd64/busybox                       Busybox base image.                             1                                       
vukomir/busybox                     busybox and curl                                1                                       
ppc64le/busybox                     Busybox base image.                             1                                       
privatebin/chown                     Docker image providing busybox' chown, stat…   1                                       
antrea/busybox                                                                      1                                       
spotify/busybox                     Spotify fork of https://hub.docker.com/_/bus…   1                                       
busybox42/nginx_php-docker-centos   This is a nginx/php-fpm server running on Ce…   1                                       [OK]
busybox42/haraka-docker-centos      CentOS Haraka build with spamassassin, redis…   1                                       [OK]
busybox42/alpine-pod                                                                0                                       
rancher/busybox                                                                     0                                       
concourse/busyboxplus                                                               0

拉取镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull busybox //拉取busybox（不指定版本时，默认拉取最近版本）
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
5cc84ad355aa: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull ubuntu:18.04  //拉取ubuntu（也可以指定版本拉取）
18.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
284055322776: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0fedbd5bd9fb72089c7bbca476949e10593cebed9b1fb9edf5b79dbbacddd7d6
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:18.04
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kongd/openlab:ubuntu_18.04 //由于docker拉取时是基于docker hub有时国内站点访问时可能会速度较慢，所以可以指定拉取国内阿里等站点的，也可以自己构建docker镜像站进行拉取。这里不做过多赘述。
ubuntu_18.04: Pulling from kongd/openlab
Digest: sha256:fc0d6af5ab38dab33aa53643c4c4b312c6cd1f044c1a2229b2743b252b9689fc
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kongd/openlab:ubuntu_18.04

查看镜像信息

查看当前主机列表
[root@localhost ~]# docker images（也可以使用docker image ls命令来查看）
REPOSITORY                                        TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox                                           latest              beae173ccac6        2 years ago         1.24MB
ubuntu                                            18.04               5a214d77f5d7        2 years ago         63.1MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kongd/openlab   ubuntu_18.04        5a214d77f5d7        2 years ago         63.1MB
查看镜像详细信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect busybox //在此以查看busybox镜像信息为例
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:beae173ccac6ad749f76713cf4440fe3d21d1043fe616dfbe30775815d1d0f6a",
        "RepoTags": [
            "busybox:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "busybox@sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-12-30T19:19:41.006954958Z",
        "Loaded": "2024-03-13T16:37:54.485607571+08:00",
        "Container": "a0007fa726185ffbcb68e90f8edabedd79a08949f32f4f0bcc6e5fed713a72c8",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "a0007fa72618",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"sh\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:da658412c37aa24e561eb7e16c61bc82a9711340d8fb5cf1a8f39d8e96d7f723",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {},
            "Annotations": null
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "sh"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:da658412c37aa24e561eb7e16c61bc82a9711340d8fb5cf1a8f39d8e96d7f723",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": null,
            "Annotations": null
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 1239820,
        "VirtualSize": 1239820,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4beb70f0835dd66d616bd0ae25176d019236743fd00eec1bda704ec6872297b3/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4beb70f0835dd66d616bd0ae25176d019236743fd00eec1bda704ec6872297b3/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4beb70f0835dd66d616bd0ae25176d019236743fd00eec1bda704ec6872297b3/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:01fd6df81c8ec7dd24bbbd72342671f41813f992999a3471b9d9cbc44ad88374"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

删除镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi ubuntu:18.04（也可用docker image rm ubuntu:18.04命令完成）如果删除时需要进行强制删除可以采用-f参数
Untagged: ubuntu:18.04
Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:0fedbd5bd9fb72089c7bbca476949e10593cebed9b1fb9edf5b79dbbacddd7d6
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              beae173ccac6        2 years ago         1.24MB
myubuntu            18.04               5a214d77f5d7        2 years ago         63.1MB

导出导入镜像

ip	主机名
192.168.27.137	导出
192.168.27.141	导入

导出

[root@localhost ~]# docker save -o images.tar busybox:latest myubuntu:18.04
-o：指定导出镜像的位置；
可以同时导出多个镜像；为一个文件；
指定.tar.gz 可以导出并压缩。
[root@localhost ~]# scp images.tar 192.168.27.137:~
The authenticity of host '192.168.27.137 (192.168.27.137)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:wKCxBY5GtfgHv2MW283QFPMTGf6L4CqjVBroqsX6wso.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.27.137' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.

Authorized users only. All activities may be monitored and reported.
root@192.168.27.137's password: 
images.tar          100%   64MB 254.7MB/s   00:00

导入

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[root@localhost ~]# ll
总用量 65420
-rw-------. 1 root root      706  1月 23 19:05 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-------  1 root root 66983424  3月 13 17:00 images.tar
[root@localhost ~]# docker load -i images.tar 
01fd6df81c8e: Loading layer  1.459MB/1.459MB
Loaded image: busybox:latest
824bf068fd3d: Loading layer  65.51MB/65.51MB
Loaded image: myubuntu:18.04
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
busybox             latest              beae173ccac6        2 years ago         1.24MB
myubuntu            18.04               5a214d77f5d7        2 years ago         63.1MB