# swift摘要

• 参考网络教程(感谢资源)

// test.swift
// 开始
print("Hello world")
// 定义变量
var age = 25
age = 28
print("age: ",age)
// 定义常量
let const_age = 25
// age = 28 error
// 指定类型
var name:String = "hello world"
print(name)
// 字符串与数字结合
var player_nm = "curry"
var is_var:Bool = true
print(player_nm+" is "+String(is_var))// 字符串相加 
print("\(player_nm) is \(is_var)")// 嵌入变量
// 创建数组
var my_list = ["curry","leborn","harden"]
print(my_list)
print(my_list[1])
// 追加球员
my_list.append("leonard")
print(my_list)
// 创建hash-map结构
var my_skills = [
    "java":3,
    "python":5,
    "node":4
]
print(my_skills)
print(my_skills["python"] )
// 追加技能
my_skills["go"] = 2
print(my_skills)
// 要创建一个空数组或字典，请使用初始化程序语法
let my_empty_list = [String]()
let my_empty_dict = [String:Float]()
print(my_empty_list)
print(my_empty_dict)
// 使用for-in 循环数组my_list
for val in my_list {
    print(val)
}
// 循环hash表
for skill in my_skills {
    if skill.value >= 3 {
        print("\(skill.key) is my gooding at.")
    }else {
        print("\(skill.key) is good skill.")
    }
}
// 设置可以为空的(nil)的变量
var haha:Int? = 25
haha = nil //？代表Optional
if haha == nil {
    print("haha is nil")
}else {
    print("\(haha)")
}
// ??运算符
var fireball:String? = "火球"
var arrows = "万箭齐发"
print("对付骷髅海，首选的卡片是：\(fireball ?? arrows)")//如果??前者不为nil,前者
fireball = nil
print("对付骷髅海，首选的卡片是：\(fireball ?? arrows)")
// switch语法
var iris_p = 0
switch iris_p {
case 0:
    print("山鸡")
case 1:
    print("杂色鸡尾")
case 2:
    print("维吉尼亚")
default:
    print("这啥呀这是")
}
// 各种循环的写法
var i = 1
while i <= 5 {
    print("i: ",i)
    i+=1
}
var j = 0
repeat {
    print("j: ",j)
    j+=1
} while j <= 15
// 左闭右开
for k in 0..<3 { 
    print("k: ",k)
}
// 闭区间
for m in 0...3 {
    print("m: ",m)
}
// 定义一个函数，参数，包括返回值
func say_hello(name:String)->String {
    return "hello \(name)."
}
print(say_hello(name: "swift"))
// 定义一个返回元组的函数
func cal_math(x:Int,y:Int)->(plus:Int,minus:Int,mutil:Int,divide:Int){
    return (x+y,x-y,x*y,x/y)
}
print(cal_math(x:20,y:30))
// 获取计算结果,逐个输出
let result = cal_math(x:20,y:10)
print(result.plus)
print(result.minus)
print(result.mutil)
print(result.divide)
// 嵌套定义函数
func add2(x:Int,y:Int)->Int{
    func add()->Int{
        return x + y
    }
    return add()
}
print(add2(x:100,y:2))
// 返回一个函数
func add_test()->((Int,Int)->Int){
    func add(x:Int,y:Int)->Int{
        return x + y
    }
    return add
}
var func_add = add_test()
print(func_add(10,20))
// 定义回调函数
func show_screen(threshold:Int,cb:(String)->Void/*回调函数*/){
    print("show_screen: ",threshold)
    cb("hello u.")
}
func screen_cb(screen_data:String)->Void{
    print("screen_data is ",screen_data)
}
show_screen(threshold:100,cb:screen_cb)
// 闭包的使用,就是匿名函数
var numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]
var num_list = numbers.map({(number:Int)->Int in 
    return number * number
})
print(num_list)
// 正规的写法
func power2(number:Int)->Int{
    return number * number
}
num_list = numbers.map(power2)
print(num_list)
// 简单的写法
num_list = numbers.map({number in number * number})
print(num_list)
// 排序闭包
num_list = numbers.sorted{$0 > $1} //注意是 `{ }`
print(num_list)

---

// 面向对象
class Player {
    var score = 0
    init(score:Int){
        self.score = score
    }
    func player_level()->String {
        if self.score >= 30 {
            return "MVP"
        }else if self.score >= 20 {
            return "球星"
        }else if self.score >= 10 {
            return "首发"
        }else {
            return "板凳"
        }
    }
}
var player = Player(score:25)
print(player.player_level())
// 类继承，方法重载
class NBAPlayer:Player{
    override func player_level()->String{
        if self.score >= 15 {
            return "交易过来"
        }else {
            return "交易出去"
        }
    }
}
var nab_player = NBAPlayer(score:23)
print(nab_player.player_level())
// 定义getter和setter
class Circle{
    // 半径属性，默认public
    var radius:Float = 0
    init(radius:Float){
        self.radius = radius
    }
    // 面积属性
    var area:Float {
        get{
            return 3.14 * self.radius
        }
        set{
            self.radius = newValue / 3.14 //newValue在这里相当于特殊字符
        }
    }
}
var cicle = Circle(radius:10)
print(cicle.area)
// 传入面积后，自动计算半径长度
cicle.area = 62.8
print(cicle.radius)
// 枚举和结构
enum Lang {
   case java
   case python
   case javascript
   case typescript
   case go 
   case vb
   case ruby
   case php 
}
let my_lang = Lang.java
switch my_lang {
case Lang.python:
    print("机器学习必备")
case Lang.java:
    print("老牌健壮的web大哥")
case Lang.go:
    print("并发超强")
default:
    print("很不错的语言,特性有意思")
}
// 枚举的自描述方法
enum ELang {
    case java
    case python
    case go 
    case ruby
    case cpp
    // 枚举类型下的方法
    func desc(){
        switch self {
            case .python:
                print("机器学习必备")
            case .java:
                print("机构大哥大")
            case .cpp:
                print("不要用垃圾语言和c++比")
            default:
                print("傻逼语言")
        }
    }
}
let my_cpp = ELang.cpp
my_cpp.desc()
// 枚举的参数
enum HttpResponse {
    // 成功返回代码
    case success(Int)
    // 错误返回信息
    case failure(String)
}
let succ = HttpResponse.success(200)
let result = HttpResponse.failure("数据库访问失败")
switch result{
    case let .success(code):
        print("请求成功")
    case let .failure(message):
        print("请求失败")
}
// 定义结构体,全是字段
struct  LoginForm {
    var uid:String
    var pwd:String
    var authorized_code:String
}
let user1 = LoginForm(uid:"komavideo",pwd:"iloveu",authorized_code:"12345678")
print(user1)
// 协议和扩展
// 定义一个协议(接口，每个实现接口的类，必须实现接口的属性(赋值)和方法(重写))
protocol  IDatabase {//多数据库产品模式
    var dbname:String{get set}
    func exeSql(sql:String)->Int
    mutating func upgrade(dbname:String)
}
// PostgreSql实现接口
class PostgreSql:IDatabase{
    var dbname:String = "postgre"
    func exeSql(sql:String)->Int{
        print("Postgre执行Sql: ",sql)
        return 100
    }
    func upgrade(dbname:String){
        self.dbname = dbname
    }
}
// Mysql
class MySql:IDatabase{
    var dbname:String = "mysql"
    func exeSql(sql:String)->Int{
        print("MySql执行Sql: ",sql)
        return 200
    }
    func upgrade(dbname:String){
        self.dbname = dbname
    }
}
let db1 = PostgreSql()
var ret1 = db1.exeSql(sql:"SELECT * FROM TABLES")
db1.upgrade(dbname:"PostgreSql 12.4")
print(db1.dbname)

let db2 = MySql()
var ret2 = db2.exeSql(sql:"DESC TABLES")
db2.upgrade(dbname:"MySql 8.0.21")
print(db2.dbname)
// 扩展PostgreSql类，添加新功能
// 追加新函数
extension PostgreSql {
    func batchExeSql(sql:[String])->Int{
        print("批处理Sql: ",sql)
        return 300
    }
}
let db3 = PostgreSql()
db3.batchExeSql(sql:["BEGIN TRANSACTION...","UPDATE TABLE SET ..."])
// 错误处理
// 错误枚举
enum DatabaseError:Error{
    case db_error
    case sql_error
    case network_error
}
// 定义一个抛出异常的方法
func exeSqlCom(sql:String?/*可nil*/) throws -> Int {
    if sql == nil {
        throw DatabaseError.sql_error
    }
    return 1
}
// 捕捉异常
do {
    try exeSqlCom(sql:nil)
}catch DatabaseError.sql_error{
    print("sql出错")
}
// try? 捕捉,我不理解？？
let db_result = try? exeSqlCom(sql:nil)
print(db_result)

---

完结