docker

一,Docker简介,功能特性与应用场景

  • 1.1 Docker简介
  • Docker是一个开源的应用容器引擎,让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的Linux机器上,也可以实现虚拟化,容器是完全使用沙箱机制,相互之间不会有任何接口。
  • 一个完整的Docker有以下几个部分组成:
    • Docker Client 客户端
    • Docker Daemon 守护进程
    • Docker Image 镜像
    • Docker Container 容器
  • 1.2 Docker功能特性
  • 隔离环境(系统,网络,文件系统)与应用
  • 解决依赖与版本问题
  • 易于分发,开箱即用
  • 节点与容器快速扩容
  • 镜像制作简单便捷,管理方便
  • (1)隔离
  • 通过cgroup(隔离和跟踪资源的使用)& namespace(组与组之间隔离)来实现轻量级的进程隔离
  • 对于容器中运行的进程来说,自己独占了一个系统
  • 容器间网络,文件及其他资源都互相隔离
  • (2)版本与依赖
  • 传统模式下,多个不同环境或版本的项目需要部署在不同机器上,部署与后期维护管理复杂繁琐。
  • 使用Docker,通过多个不同版本或者环境的镜像,可以同时运行在一台机器上互不干扰,部署与后期维护简单方便。
  • (3)分发与使用
  • 镜像可以通过导入,导出,上传到镜像仓库等多种方式进行分发
  • 在启动了Docker的系统上直接使用docker run即可启动镜像,无需特别配置。
  • (4)扩容
  • 容器扩容简单方便
  • 扩容节点只需安装并启动Docker即可
  • (5)镜像制作
  • 镜像的灵魂Dockerfile
  • 使用Dockerfile进行指令控制
  • 基于Linux命令,易于理解,快速上手
  • 易于定制与修改

  • docker架构
  • docker不等于容器,是实际上通过docker得命令控制容器,他是在容器上进行二次封装。让docker命令控制他
  • 客户端通过服务端到镜像仓库去拿镜像。完事在服务端构成容器

  • docker hup镜像仓库
  • docker底层原理

  • 实验
  • #安装依赖包
  • [root@Docker ~]# yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
  • vim /etc/sysctl.conf   开启所有ip转发
  • net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
  • net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
  • net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
  • sysctl -p  
  • curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo   centos得源
  • curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo  docker得源
  • yum clean all && yum makecache
  • yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r 查看 docker-ce所使用得版本
  • yum -y install docker-ce    
  • systemctl start docker 开启docker
  •  systemctl enable docker   开机自启
  • vim /etc/docker/daemon.json    json格式
  • 三,Docker的操作命令
  • 3.0 添加docker国内镜像源
  • 在开始学习docker之前,我们首先要更改一下docker的默认源镜像下载地址(默认是从国外下载,很慢),我们需要添加国内的源地址
  • [root@docker ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
  • {
  •   "registry-mirrors":[ "https://81l9w6xn.mirror.aliyuncs.com" ]
  • }
  • [root@docker ~]# systemctl daemon-reload  把系统得守护进行重启
  • docker --help
  • [root@192 ~]# docker -v
  • Docker version 20.10.17, build 100c701   查看版本
  • docker info  详细信息
  • (1)查看Docker Hub上公开的centos镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker search centos
  • docker pull centos  pull拉取镜像
  • docker pull alpine
  • docker images  用于本地镜像的查看
  • docker images  -- help
  • 3.5 Docker命令:run
  • 运行一个本地镜像
  • docker run -dit --name sumz -h sumz -p 10086:22 alpine 构建一个容器
  • 特别提示:
  • docker run:运行一个指定的images id
  • -d:放在后台运行
  • -i:可以进行命令交互
  • -t:制作一个伪终端用于登陆
  • 58af3ad826d2:镜像的ID,可以简写成58a
  • 3.6 Docker命令:ps
  • 查看已经运行的镜像的进程
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #查看所有运行的镜像进程(包含退出的exit)
  • 3.26 Docker命令:logs
  • 用于输出一个容器进程内的操作日志
  • docker logs -t sumz 查看这个容器得日志
  • 3.22 Docker命令:inspect
  • 查看某个镜像的详细信息
  • [root@docker ~]# docker inspect sumz
  • CONTAINER ID    IMAGE           COMMAND         CREATED         STATUS          PORTS           NAMES
  • 093e4fb8b09c    58af3ad826d2    "/bin/bash"     4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes                gallant_ptolemy
  • 特别提示:
  • STATUS:进程的状态,UP表示正在运行中,EXIT表示已经退出了。
  • docker ps -a  查看所有得容器
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • 3.26 Docker命令:logs
  • 用于输出一个容器进程内的操作日志
  • docker logs -t sumz 查看这个容器得日志
  • 3.22 Docker命令:inspect
  • 查看某个镜像的详细信息
  • [root@docker ~]# docker inspect sumz
  • [
  •     {
  •         "Id": "sha256:745606e08231f270d40fe2bff574f10b60144e52accd79772c0ed8c739da015a",
  •         "RepoTags": [
  •             "Mr.chen/centos:3"
  •         ],
  •         "RepoDigests": [],
  •         "Parent": "",
  •         "Comment": "Imported from -",
  •         "Created": "2018-07-06T02:36:40.100685513Z",
  •         "Container": "",
  •         "ContainerConfig": {
  • 3.33 Docker命令:top
  • 用于显示指定容器的进程信息
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
  • 6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   28 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   39 minutes ago      Up 39 minutes                              adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker top 6321c3a3481f
  • UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
  • root                89798               89784               0                   11:55               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash /home/test/docker.sh
  • root                90265               89798               0                   12:07               pts/0               00:00:00            sleep 5
  • docker attach sumz 切进容器
  • ctri+q 退出后台在允许 exit都退   docker start sumz 在启动
  • docker exec -it sumz /bin/sh  一般工作中这么切
  • docker klii sumz  删除容器先停止容器
  • docker rm sumz
  • docker rmi alpine 删除镜像
  • 3.12 Docker命令:commit
  • 将一个更改过的容器进程的容器状态保存为一个新的镜像
  • docker commit -m sumz-touch sumz alpine:v1
  • docker images 直接提交成镜像了
  • 3.19 Docker命令:import
  • 用于将export导出的文件系统创建为一个镜像
  • docker export sumz > sumz.tar
  • docker import sumz.tar sumz/alpine:v1
  • 3.24 Docker命令:save
  • 用于将一个镜像的文件系统导出到本地(export导出的是容器)
  • docker save centos:latest -o sumz.c.tar
  • 3.25 Docker命令:load
  • 用于将save导出到本地的tar包,重新加载为镜像(和源镜像的名字标识完全一样)
  •  docker load < sumz.c.tar
  • docker images 没有改变
  • docker klii sumz
  •  docker load < sumz.c.tar  还是一模一样
  • SIZE:此镜像的大小
  • 3.4 Docker命令:build
  • 用于本地自定义镜像的构建,需要创建Dockerfile文件(具体写法后面会讲,这里同学们先看)
  • vim dockerfile
  • docker build -t sumz:1 .  -t起名   .当前路径   要是在别得地方就要写绝对路径
  • docker run -dit sumz:1 /bin/bash   docker  ps
  • 容器要启动必然有一个进程会卡在前台
  • #创建Dockerfile文件的存储目录
  • [root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/7
  • [root@docker ~]# cd /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/7
  • #创建docker.sh脚本
  • [root@docker 7]# vim docker.sh
  • [root@docker 7]# cat docker.sh
  • #!/bin/bash
  • while true
  • do
  •     echo "welcome"
  •     sleep 5
  • done
  • #创建Dockerfile配置文件,文件名称必须为Dockerfile,第一个字母必须大写
  • [root@docker 7]# vim Dockerfile
  • [root@docker 7]# cat Dockerfile
  • FROM centos     #从centos源镜像的基础上进行构建
  • LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com"  #作者的名称
  • RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime   #RUN:在镜像构建过程中运行命令
  • ADD docker.sh /home/test/   #从本地系统中把docker.sh文件添加到构建中的镜像的/home/test/目录下
  • RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh   #在镜像构建过程中运行命令
  • CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]        #构建镜像完成时,最后执行的命令
  • #根据Dockfile配置文件构建一个自定义镜像
  • [root@docker 7]# docker build -t Mr.chen/centos7:1 .    #-t 指定镜像名称  :1  设定镜像的tag标记
  • Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
  • Step 1/6 : FROM centos
  •  ---> 49f7960eb7e4
  • Step 2/6 : LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com"
  •  ---> Running in 2537e36ba496
  • Removing intermediate container 2537e36ba496
  •  ---> 1a932d4c7762
  • Step 3/6 : RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
  •  ---> Running in 7890b38ae948
  • '/etc/localtime' -> '/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai'
  • Removing intermediate container 7890b38ae948
  •  ---> 82c412669879
  • Step 4/6 : ADD docker.sh /home/test/
  •  ---> 8f092336a175
  • Step 5/6 : RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh
  •  ---> Running in b034c6f7439f
  • Removing intermediate container b034c6f7439f
  •  ---> f6587dbd78dd
  • Step 6/6 : CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]
  •  ---> Running in cd13edcd6632
  • Removing intermediate container cd13edcd6632
  •  ---> 58af3ad826d2
  • Successfully built 58af3ad826d2     #构建成功
  • Successfully tagged Mr.chen/centos7:1
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos7      1                   58af3ad826d2        57 seconds ago      200MB  #TAG为1
  • centos               7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • hello-world          latest              e38bc07ac18e        2 months ago        1.85kB
  • 3.32 Docker命令:tag  就是给镜像改名字
  • 用于从一个指定的镜像创建另外一个镜像
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker tag test:1 test:2   #我们可以指定名字:标志来创建
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • 3.14 Docker命令:cp   -a 递归  docker cp -a sumz:/sumz  .
  • 用于在容器进程和本地系统之间复制文件
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
  • aeda0a4b7e85        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                                    zealous_goldstine
  • 5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         16 minutes ago      Exited (0) 14 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
  • [root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls /tmp #向容器进程发布命令
  • ks-script-3QMvMi
  • yum.log
  • [root@docker ~]# docker cp aeda0a4b7e85:/tmp/yum.log .  #将指定容器进程的/tmp/yum.log复制到当前目录下
  • [root@docker ~]# ls
  • anaconda-ks.cfg  dockerfile  nohup.out  ping.out  yum.log   #已经复制过来了
  • [root@docker ~]# docker cp anaconda-ks.cfg aeda0a4b7e85:/tmp/   #将本地文件复制到容器进程里
  • [root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls /tmp
  • anaconda-ks.cfg         #复制成功
  • ks-script-3QMvMi
  • yum.log
  • 个人博客
  • docker pull wordperss
  • docker run -dit -p 80:80 --name wp wordpress
  • 192.168.200.166
  • docker命令关系图

  • Docker是一个开源的应用容器引擎,让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的Linux机器上,也可以实现虚拟化,容器是完全使用沙箱机制,相互之间不会有任何接口。
  • 一个完整的Docker有以下几个部分组成:
    • Docker Client 客户端
    • Docker Daemon 守护进程
    • Docker Image 镜像
    • Docker Container 容器
  • 1.2 Docker功能特性
  • 隔离环境(系统,网络,文件系统)与应用
  • 解决依赖与版本问题
  • 易于分发,开箱即用
  • 节点与容器快速扩容
  • 镜像制作简单便捷,管理方便
  • (1)隔离
  • 通过cgroup(隔离和跟踪资源的使用)& namespace(组与组之间隔离)来实现轻量级的进程隔离
  • 对于容器中运行的进程来说,自己独占了一个系统
  • 容器间网络,文件及其他资源都互相隔离
  • (2)版本与依赖
  • 传统模式下,多个不同环境或版本的项目需要部署在不同机器上,部署与后期维护管理复杂繁琐。
  • 使用Docker,通过多个不同版本或者环境的镜像,可以同时运行在一台机器上互不干扰,部署与后期维护简单方便。
  • (3)分发与使用
  • 镜像可以通过导入,导出,上传到镜像仓库等多种方式进行分发
  • 在启动了Docker的系统上直接使用docker run即可启动镜像,无需特别配置。
  • (4)扩容
  • 容器扩容简单方便
  • 扩容节点只需安装并启动Docker即可
  • (5)镜像制作
  • 镜像的灵魂Dockerfile
  • 使用Dockerfile进行指令控制
  • 基于Linux命令,易于理解,快速上手
  • 易于定制与修改
  • 1.3 Docker应用场景
  • Docker通常应用于如下场景:
    • web应用的自动化打包和发布;
    • 自动化测试和持续集成,发布;
    • 应用服务,如MySQL,Redis等,通过Docker实现快速部署;
    • k8s私有云
  • 1.3.1 场景1:多版本多种类系统与软件

  • 1.3.2 场景2: 环境

  • 1.3.3 场景3: 分发

  • 二,Docker的安装
  • 2.1 安装环境
  • 最小化安装Centos7.5
  • [root@Docker ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
  • CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
  • [root@Docker ~]# uname -r
  • 3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64
  • 关闭防火墙和selinux
  • [root@Docker ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
  • [root@Docker ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
  • [root@Docker ~]# setenforce 0
  • setenforce: SELinux is disabled
  • 2.2 版本选择
  • Docker
    • 17.03之后版本变为Docker CE
  • Docker CE
    • 社区版,Community Edition
  • Docker EE
    • 企业版,Enterprise Edition
    • 收费版本,强调安全性,提供一些高级特性及商业支持
  • 2.3 Docker安装:标准版本
  • 特别提示:
  • centos7.5在搭建本地yum仓库的时候只需要修改
  • CentOS-Media.repo 文件即可(不需要将其他文件仍子目录里)
  • 确保虚拟机能正常上网
  • [root@Docker ~]# yum -y install docker
  • [root@Docker ~]# systemctl start docker #启动docker进程
  • [root@Docker ~]# systemctl enable docker    #加入docker开机启动
  • Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
  • [root@Docker ~]# docker ps  #查看封装在docker镜像中的正在运行的镜像进程
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • [root@Docker ~]# docker version
  • Client:
  •  Version:         1.13.1
  •  API version:     1.26
  •  Package version: docker-1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64
  •  Go version:      go1.9.4
  •  Git commit:      94f4240/1.13.1
  •  Built:           Fri May 18 15:44:33 2018
  •  OS/Arch:         linux/amd64
  • Server:
  •  Version:         1.13.1
  •  API version:     1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
  •  Package version: docker-1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64
  •  Go version:      go1.9.4
  •  Git commit:      94f4240/1.13.1
  •  Built:           Fri May 18 15:44:33 2018
  •  OS/Arch:         linux/amd64
  •  Experimental:    false
  • 2.4 Docker安装:CE社区版
  • 首先清理掉yum安装的docker标准版
  • 这里有两种方式
  • #第一种清理docker方法
  • [root@Docker ~]# yum -y remove docker
  • #第二种清理docker方法
  • [root@Docker ~]# yum history list   #查看yum安装的历史列表
  • 已加载插件:fastestmirror
  • ID     | 登录用户                 | 日期和时间       | 操作           | 变更数
  • -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  •      6 | root <root>              | 2018-07-02 22:30 | Install        |   17 EE         #这次就是安装的docker
  •      5 | root <root>              | 2018-07-02 20:08 | I, U           |   60
  •      4 | root <root>              | 2018-07-03 03:54 | Install        |   93
  •      3 | root <root>              | 2018-07-03 03:53 | Install        |    1
  •      2 | root <root>              | 2018-07-03 03:53 | Install        |    1
  •      1 | 系统 <空>                | 2018-07-03 03:46 | Install        |  313
  • history list
  • [root@Docker ~]# yum history info 6     #查看yum历史安装ID为6的安装信息
  • 已加载插件:fastestmirror
  • 事务 ID: 6
  • 起始时间    : Mon Jul  2 22:30:11 2018
  • 启动 RPM 数据库     : 409:3aba29f1d5b7e2d7ff3ed9f169ec4a2225595390
  • 结束时间       :            22:30:27 2018 (16 秒)
  • 结束 RPM 数据库      : 426:28338758ec6a2332cabb3a1439336bd451c52366
  • 用户           : root <root>
  • 返回码    : 成功
  • 命令行   : -y install docker
  • 事务完成属主:
  •     已安装 rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64                      @anaconda
  •     已安装 yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch               @anaconda
  •     已安装 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch @anaconda
  • 已变更的包:
  •     依赖安装 audit-libs-python-2.8.1-3.el7.x86_64                         @base
  •     依赖安装 checkpolicy-2.5-6.el7.x86_64                                 @base
  •     依赖安装 container-selinux-2:2.55-1.el7.noarch                        @extras
  •     依赖安装 container-storage-setup-0.9.0-1.rhel75.gite0997c3.el7.noarch @extras
  •     安装 docker-2:1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64              @extras
  •     依赖安装 docker-client-2:1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64       @extras
  •     依赖安装 docker-common-2:1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64       @extras
  •     依赖安装 libcgroup-0.41-15.el7.x86_64                                 @base
  •     依赖安装 libsemanage-python-2.5-11.el7.x86_64                         @base
  •     依赖安装 oci-register-machine-1:0-6.git2b44233.el7.x86_64             @extras
  •     依赖安装 oci-systemd-hook-1:0.1.15-2.gitc04483d.el7.x86_64            @extras
  •     依赖安装 oci-umount-2:2.3.3-3.gite3c9055.el7.x86_64                   @extras
  •     依赖安装 policycoreutils-python-2.5-22.el7.x86_64                     @base
  •     依赖安装 python-IPy-0.75-6.el7.noarch                                 @base
  •     依赖安装 setools-libs-3.3.8-2.el7.x86_64                              @base
  •     依赖安装 skopeo-containers-1:0.1.29-3.dev.git7add6fc.el7.0.x86_64     @extras
  •     依赖安装 yajl-2.0.4-4.el7.x86_64                                      @base
  • Scriptlet 输出:
  •    1 setsebool:  SELinux is disabled.
  • history info
  • [root@Docker ~]# yum -y history undo 6  #进行yum安装操作回退
  • 特别提示:
  • yum的回退安装在工作中很有用,请留心学习
  • 接下来我们安装Docker的CE社区版
  • #安装依赖包
  • [root@Docker ~]# yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
  • #添加docker的CE版本的yum源配置文件
  • [root@Docker ~]# curl https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
  •   % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
  •                                  Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  • 100  2424  100  2424    0     0   2544      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  2543
  • [root@Docker ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
  • -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2424 7月   2 23:00 /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
  • #安装CE版本的docker
  • [root@Docker ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
  • [root@Docker ~]# systemctl start docker #启动docker
  • [root@Docker ~]# systemctl enable docker   #添加开机启动
  • Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
  • [root@Docker ~]# docker version #查看docker版本
  • Client:
  •  Version:      18.03.1-ce
  •  API version:  1.37
  •  Go version:   go1.9.5
  •  Git commit:   9ee9f40
  •  Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:20:16 2018
  •  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  •  Experimental: false
  •  Orchestrator: swarm
  • Server:
  •  Engine:
  •   Version:      18.03.1-ce
  •   API version:  1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  •   Go version:   go1.9.5
  •   Git commit:   9ee9f40
  •   Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:23:58 2018
  •   OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  •   Experimental: false
  • 三,Docker的操作命令
  • 3.0 添加docker国内镜像源
  • 在开始学习docker之前,我们首先要更改一下docker的默认源镜像下载地址(默认是从国外下载,很慢),我们需要添加国内的源地址
  • [root@docker ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
  • {
  •   "registry-mirrors":[ "https://81l9w6xn.mirror.aliyuncs.com" ]
  • }
  • [root@docker ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
  • [root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker
  • 3.1 Docker命令:search
  • 用于从docker的官方公有镜像仓库查找镜像
  • (1)查看Docker Hub上公开的centos镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker search centos
  • NAME                DESCRIPTION                  STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
  • centos       The official build of CentOS.        4419                [OK]
  • ...以下省略无数行....
  • 特别说明:
  • Name:镜像的名字
  • DESCRIPTION:描述
  • STARS:星级(越高越好)
  • OFFICIAL:是否是官方发布的
  • AUTOMATED:是否自动化的
  • (2)查找星级多于100的centos镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker search centos -f stars=100
  • NAME                      DESCRIPTION                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
  • centos                    The official build of CentOS.   4419                [OK]
  • ansible/centos7-ansible   Ansible on Centos7              114                                     [OK]
  • 特别提示:
  • /:符号用于分割作者名称和镜像名称
  • ansible/centos7-ansible:ansible是作者名称,centos7-ansible是镜像名称
  • (3)多条件查找--filter
  • #查找官方发布的,星级大于100的centos镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker search centos --filter is-official=true --filter stars=100
  • NAME                DESCRIPTION                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
  • centos              The official build of CentOS.   4419                [OK]
  • 3.2 Docker命令:pull
  • 用于从Docker Hub上下载公有镜像
  • #查找符合条件的hello-world镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker search hello-world --filter is-official=true --filter stars=100
  • NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
  • hello-world         Hello World! (an example of minimal Dockeriz…   572                 [OK]
  • #下载目标hello-world镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker pull hello-world
  • Using default tag: latest
  • latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
  • 9bb5a5d4561a: Pull complete
  • Digest: sha256:3e1764d0f546ceac4565547df2ac4907fe46f007ea229fd7ef2718514bcec35d
  • Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest       #下载成功latest是标记tag
  • #下载目标centos:7镜像
  • [root@docker 7]# docker pull centos:7   #网速不好的话,需要点时间耐心等待
  • 3.3 Docker命令:images
  • 用于本地镜像的查看
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • centos               7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • hello-world          latest              e38bc07ac18e        2 months ago        1.85kB
  • 特别说明:
  • REPOSITORY:镜像仓库(下边罗列的都是本地已有镜像名称)
  • TAG:镜像的标记(为了区分同名镜像)
  • IMAGES ID:镜像的ID号
  • CREATED:此镜像的创建时间
  • SIZE:此镜像的大小
  • 3.4 Docker命令:build
  • 用于本地自定义镜像的构建,需要创建Dockerfile文件(具体写法后面会讲,这里同学们先看)
  • #创建Dockerfile文件的存储目录
  • [root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/7
  • [root@docker ~]# cd /root/dockerfile/lib/centos/7
  • #创建docker.sh脚本
  • [root@docker 7]# vim docker.sh
  • [root@docker 7]# cat docker.sh
  • #!/bin/bash
  • while true
  • do
  •     echo "welcome"
  •     sleep 5
  • done
  • #创建Dockerfile配置文件,文件名称必须为Dockerfile,第一个字母必须大写
  • [root@docker 7]# vim Dockerfile
  • [root@docker 7]# cat Dockerfile
  • FROM centos     #从centos源镜像的基础上进行构建
  • LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com"  #作者的名称
  • RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime   #RUN:在镜像构建过程中运行命令
  • ADD docker.sh /home/test/   #从本地系统中把docker.sh文件添加到构建中的镜像的/home/test/目录下
  • RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh   #在镜像构建过程中运行命令
  • CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]        #构建镜像完成时,最后执行的命令
  • #根据Dockfile配置文件构建一个自定义镜像
  • [root@docker 7]# docker build -t Mr.chen/centos7:1 .    #-t 指定镜像名称  :1  设定镜像的tag标记
  • Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
  • Step 1/6 : FROM centos
  •  ---> 49f7960eb7e4
  • Step 2/6 : LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com"
  •  ---> Running in 2537e36ba496
  • Removing intermediate container 2537e36ba496
  •  ---> 1a932d4c7762
  • Step 3/6 : RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
  •  ---> Running in 7890b38ae948
  • '/etc/localtime' -> '/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai'
  • Removing intermediate container 7890b38ae948
  •  ---> 82c412669879
  • Step 4/6 : ADD docker.sh /home/test/
  •  ---> 8f092336a175
  • Step 5/6 : RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh
  •  ---> Running in b034c6f7439f
  • Removing intermediate container b034c6f7439f
  •  ---> f6587dbd78dd
  • Step 6/6 : CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]
  •  ---> Running in cd13edcd6632
  • Removing intermediate container cd13edcd6632
  •  ---> 58af3ad826d2
  • Successfully built 58af3ad826d2     #构建成功
  • Successfully tagged Mr.chen/centos7:1
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos7      1                   58af3ad826d2        57 seconds ago      200MB  #TAG为1
  • centos               7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • hello-world          latest              e38bc07ac18e        2 months ago        1.85kB
  • 3.5 Docker命令:run
  • 运行一个本地镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos7      1                   58af3ad826d2        26 minutes ago      200MB
  • centos               7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos               latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • jdeathe/centos-ssh   latest              563e45ee6e12        2 months ago        219MB
  • hello-world          latest              e38bc07ac18e        2 months ago        1.85kB
  • [root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it 58af3ad826d2
  • 093e4fb8b09c8082c4749ad34db09c58f43111e447bbaccdd527d558a12f4404
  • 特别提示:
  • docker run:运行一个指定的images id
  • -d:放在后台运行
  • -i:可以进行命令交互
  • -t:制作一个伪终端用于登陆
  • 58af3ad826d2:镜像的ID,可以简写成58a
  • 3.6 Docker命令:ps
  • 查看已经运行的镜像的进程
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #查看所有运行的镜像进程(包含退出的exit)
  • CONTAINER ID    IMAGE           COMMAND         CREATED         STATUS          PORTS           NAMES
  • 093e4fb8b09c    58af3ad826d2    "/bin/bash"     4 minutes ago   Up 4 minutes                gallant_ptolemy
  • 特别提示:
  • STATUS:进程的状态,UP表示正在运行中,EXIT表示已经退出了。
  • 3.7 Docker命令:attach
  • 从本地系统中切入到某个STATUS状态是UP的镜像进程里
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • 093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Up 4 minutes                            gallant_ptolemy
  • [root@docker ~]# docker attach 093e4fb8b09c #切入到容器号为093e4fb8b09c的镜像进程里
  • [root@093e4fb8b09c /]# ls   #已经进入容器里了
  • bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
  • [root@093e4fb8b09c /]# exit #退出容器
  • exit
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #容器的进程的STATUS已经处于EXIT状态(之前是后台运行的,切入进去后执行exit就等于手动退出了)
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
  • 093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Exited (127) 11 seconds ago                       gallant_ptolemy
  • 3.8 Docker命令:stop
  • 用于停止一个正在运行着的容器进程
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
  • 093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Exited (127) 3 minutes ago                       gallant_ptolemy
  • #再次在后台启动一个镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it 58af3ad826d2 /bin/bash
  • ceb6682bd574a78d0072121c095ba5f22569fa46c2ec00f203f4b0a988cb75a5
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #增加了一个容器进程
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
  • ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                                     affectionate_agnesi
  • 093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Exited (127) 3 minutes ago                       gallant_ptolemy
  • #停止一个运行着的容器进程
  • [root@docker ~]# docker stop ceb6682bd574
  • ceb6682bd574
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
  • ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (137) 13 seconds ago                       affectionate_agnesi
  • 093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         14 minutes ago      Exited (127) 5 minutes ago                        gallant_ptolemy
  • 3.9 Docker命令:start
  • 用于启动一个已经停止了的容器进程
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
  • ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (137) 13 seconds ago                       affectionate_agnesi
  • 093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         14 minutes ago      Exited (127) 5 minutes ago                        gallant_ptolemy
  • [root@docker ~]# docker start ceb6682bd574
  • ceb6682bd574
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
  • ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Up 2 seconds                                     affectionate_agnesi
  • 093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         15 minutes ago      Exited (127) 6 minutes ago                       gallant_ptolemy
  • 3.10 Docker命令:rm
  • 用于删除一个已经停止了的容器进程
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
  • ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Up 2 seconds                                     affectionate_agnesi
  • 093e4fb8b09c        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         15 minutes ago      Exited (127) 6 minutes ago                       gallant_ptolemy
  • [root@docker ~]# docker rm 093e4fb8b09c
  • 093e4fb8b09c
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Up About a minute                       affectionate_agnesi
  • [root@docker ~]# docker rm ceb6682bd574 #注意运行中的容器进程需要先stop,才能删除
  • Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container ceb6682bd574a78d0072121c095ba5f22569fa46c2ec00f203f4b0a988cb75a5. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
  • 3.11 Docker命令:rmi
  • 用于删除一个未用作容器启动的本地镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        About an hour ago   200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • hello-world         latest              e38bc07ac18e        2 months ago        1.85kB
  • [root@docker ~]# docker rmi -f e38bc07ac18e #-f 强制删除(即便被占用)
  • Untagged: hello-world:latest
  • Untagged: hello-world@sha256:3e1764d0f546ceac4565547df2ac4907fe46f007ea229fd7ef2718514bcec35d
  • Deleted: sha256:e38bc07ac18ee64e6d59cf2eafcdddf9cec2364dfe129fe0af75f1b0194e0c96
  • Deleted: sha256:2b8cbd0846c5aeaa7265323e7cf085779eaf244ccbdd982c4931aef9be0d2faf
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        About an hour ago   200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker ~]# docker rmi 58af3ad826d2    #但要注意,被用作容器启动的镜像是不能删除的(需先rm删除容器进程)
  • Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 58af3ad826d2 (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container ceb6682bd574
  • [root@docker ~]# docker rmi -f 58af3ad826d2 #强行删除被容器进程占用的镜像也是不行的
  • Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 58af3ad826d2 (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container ceb6682bd574
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #查看容器进程,被占用中
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • ceb6682bd574        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                            affectionate_agnesi
  • 3.12 Docker命令:commit
  • 将一个更改过的容器进程的容器状态保存为一个新的镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #查看启动的容器进程
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • 5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       tender_dubinsky
  • [root@docker ~]# docker attach 5af7d28b054e #切入容器进程
  • [root@5af7d28b054e /]# ls
  • bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
  • [root@5af7d28b054e /]# mkdir yunjisuan  #在容器进程里创建yunjisuan目录
  • [root@5af7d28b054e /]# ls
  • bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var  yunjisuan
  • [root@5af7d28b054e /]# exit #退出容器进程
  • exit
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
  • 5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 seconds ago                       tender_dubinsky
  • [root@docker ~]# docker commit 5af7d28b054e Mr.chen/centos:2    #将更改后的容器进程保存为一个新的镜像
  • sha256:5620f1cb9e8eac8ea79f95e6f5786f8503f6ac12428bd3e9dc8197a173e426b8
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        4 seconds ago       200MB   #保存成功
  • Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        21 hours ago        200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • #启动新保存的镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it 5620f1cb9e8e /bin/bash
  • aeda0a4b7e85e940945ce7e318c9ef56ad720cfc9c586b1b0f79bbcd1cf232e6
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   #查看新镜像的容器进程
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
  • aeda0a4b7e85        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         3 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds                                   zealous_goldstine
  • 5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         7 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
  • [root@docker ~]# docker attach aeda0a4b7e85 #切入新镜像的容器进程
  • [root@aeda0a4b7e85 /]# ls -d yunjisuan  #我们发现之前创建的目录仍旧存在
  • yunjisuan
  • 3.13 Docker命令:exec
  • 用于从本地操作系统上直接向容器进程发布执行命令并返回结果
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
  • aeda0a4b7e85        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         6 minutes ago       Up 4 seconds                                    zealous_goldstine
  • 5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         13 minutes ago      Exited (0) 11 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
  • [root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls /tmp   #查看容器进程里的/tmp目录下所有内容
  • ks-script-3QMvMi
  • yum.log
  • [root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls -d /yunjisuan #查看容器进程里/yunjisuan目录
  • /yunjisuan
  • 3.14 Docker命令:cp
  • 用于在容器进程和本地系统之间复制文件
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
  • aeda0a4b7e85        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         9 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                                    zealous_goldstine
  • 5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         16 minutes ago      Exited (0) 14 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
  • [root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls /tmp #向容器进程发布命令
  • ks-script-3QMvMi
  • yum.log
  • [root@docker ~]# docker cp aeda0a4b7e85:/tmp/yum.log .  #将指定容器进程的/tmp/yum.log复制到当前目录下
  • [root@docker ~]# ls
  • anaconda-ks.cfg  dockerfile  nohup.out  ping.out  yum.log   #已经复制过来了
  • [root@docker ~]# docker cp anaconda-ks.cfg aeda0a4b7e85:/tmp/   #将本地文件复制到容器进程里
  • [root@docker ~]# docker exec aeda0a4b7e85 ls /tmp
  • anaconda-ks.cfg         #复制成功
  • ks-script-3QMvMi
  • yum.log
  • 3.15 Docker命令:create
  • 用于创建一个容器进程,但是并不启动它
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        22 minutes ago      200MB
  • Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        22 hours ago        200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker ~]# docker create -it 5620f1cb9e8e #创建一个镜像的容器进程,但不直接启动
  • 6040b7b6decee3701444af0e6258f7af506e2e1bed4967e9fa5d67fe9bd599e8
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
  • 6040b7b6dece        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         3 seconds ago       Created                                        nifty_yalow  #创建状态并未启动
  • 5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         25 minutes ago      Exited (0) 23 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
  • [root@docker ~]# docker start 6040b7b6dece  #启动容器进程
  • 6040b7b6dece
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
  • 6040b7b6dece        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         17 seconds ago      Up 1 second                                     nifty_yalow
  • 5af7d28b054e        58af3ad826d2        "/bin/bash"         26 minutes ago      Exited (0) 23 minutes ago                       tender_dubinsky
  • 3.16 Docker命令:diff
  • 查看容器进程与源镜像做对比,发生了改变的文件或文件夹
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        11 hours ago        200MB
  • Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        32 hours ago        200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker ~]# docker run -d -it 5620f1cb9e8e #启动一个镜像的容器进程
  • ab06a9794e45ca35ab5f4594d630ecbe3527814233cc004d4deb8aafde2906f8
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • ab06a9794e45        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         3 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                            confident_snyder
  • [root@docker ~]# docker attach ab06a9794e45 #切入容器进程
  • [root@ab06a9794e45 /]# cd /yunjisuan/
  • [root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# pwd
  • /yunjisuan
  • [root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# touch {1..10}    #在容器进程中创建文件
  • [root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# ls
  • 1  10  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
  • [root@ab06a9794e45 yunjisuan]# exit #退出容器进程
  • exit
  • [root@docker ~]# docker diff ab06a9794e45   #查看容器进程的变化
  • C /root/.bash_history
  • C /yunjisuan
  • A /yunjisuan/1
  • A /yunjisuan/10
  • A /yunjisuan/2
  • A /yunjisuan/3
  • A /yunjisuan/4
  • A /yunjisuan/5
  • A /yunjisuan/6
  • A /yunjisuan/7
  • A /yunjisuan/8
  • A /yunjisuan/9
  • 3.17 Docker命令:events
  • 时时监测容器的变化情况
  • [root@docker ~]# docker events
  • 2018-07-06T09:11:23.938963932+08:00 network connect c03e38ce8c0e54511899c4ad34b37adaa6339b68e44478072b7d9a4129afdb7a (container=ab06a9794e45ca35ab5f4594d630ecbe3527814233cc004d4deb8aafde2906f8, name=bridge, type=bridge)
  • 2018-07-06T09:11:24.096366168+08:00 container start ab06a9794e45ca35ab5f4594d630ecbe3527814233cc004d4deb8aafde2906f8 (MAINTATNER=Mr.chen.com, image=5620f1cb9e8e, name=confident_snyder, org.label-schema.schema-version== 1.0     org.label-schema.name=CentOS Base Image     org.label-schema.vendor=CentOS     org.label-schema.license=GPLv2     org.label-schema.build-date=20180531)
  • 前台时时监控容器的变化若要检测,需要另外再起一个窗口进行操作
  • 3.18 Docker命令:export
  • 将容器进程的文件系统导出到本地
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • ab06a9794e45        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         About an hour ago   Up About an hour                        confident_snyder
  • [root@docker ~]# docker export ab06a9794e45 > test.tar  #将容器进程导出成一个tar包
  • [root@docker ~]# ls
  • anaconda-ks.cfg  dockerfile  nohup.out  ping.out  test.tar  yum.log
  • 3.19 Docker命令:import
  • 用于将export导出的文件系统创建为一个镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# ls
  • anaconda-ks.cfg  dockerfile  nohup.out  ping.out  test.tar  yum.log
  • [root@docker ~]# docker import test.tar Mr.chen/centos:3    #将导出的tar包文件系统生成一个新的镜像
  • sha256:745606e08231f270d40fe2bff574f10b60144e52accd79772c0ed8c739da015a
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos      3                   745606e08231        4 seconds ago       200MB
  • Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        13 hours ago        200MB
  • Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        34 hours ago        200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • 3.20 Docker命令:history
  • 用于查看一个镜像的历史修改纪录
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos      3                   745606e08231        4 seconds ago       200MB
  • Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        13 hours ago        200MB
  • Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        34 hours ago        200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker ~]# docker history 745606e08231
  • IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY          SIZE                COMMENT
  • 745606e08231        6 minutes ago                           200MB               Imported from -
  • [root@docker ~]# docker history 5620f1cb9e8e
  • IMAGE               CREATED             CREATED BY                                      SIZE                COMMENT
  • 5620f1cb9e8e        13 hours ago        /bin/bash                                       27B
  • 58af3ad826d2        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/home/test/docker.s…   0B
  • f6587dbd78dd        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh        57B
  • 8f092336a175        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:84ec58f8405b16017…   57B
  • 82c412669879        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/…   33B
  • 1a932d4c7762        34 hours ago        /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL MAINTATNER=Mr.chen.…   0B
  • 49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B
  • <missing>           4 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B
  • <missing>           4 weeks ago         /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:8f4b3be0c1427b158…   200MB
  • 3.21 Docker命令:info
  • 用于查看当前操作系统的docker运行信息
  • [root@docker ~]# docker info
  • Containers: 1   #容器进程1个
  •  Running: 1     #正在运行状态的容器1个
  •  Paused: 0
  •  Stopped: 0
  • Images: 8       #一共有8个镜像
  • Server Version: 18.03.1-ce
  • Storage Driver: overlay2
  •  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  •  Supports d_type: true
  •  Native Overlay Diff: true
  • Logging Driver: json-file
  • Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
  • Plugins:
  •  Volume: local
  •  Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
  •  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
  • Swarm: inactive
  • Runtimes: runc
  • Default Runtime: runc
  • Init Binary: docker-init
  • containerd version: 773c489c9c1b21a6d78b5c538cd395416ec50f88
  • runc version: 4fc53a81fb7c994640722ac585fa9ca548971871
  • init version: 949e6fa
  • Security Options:
  •  seccomp
  •   Profile: default
  • Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64
  • Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
  • OSType: linux
  • Architecture: x86_64
  • CPUs: 1
  • Total Memory: 974.6MiB
  • Name: docker
  • ID: IZLC:3CEK:YWIH:CEWB:SHHI:BUAY:B3I5:GGN6:BW4E:4O2Z:FVAD:DMPI
  • Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
  • Debug Mode (client): false
  • Debug Mode (server): false
  • Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
  • Labels:
  • Experimental: false
  • Insecure Registries:
  •  127.0.0.0/8
  • Live Restore Enabled: false
  • 3.22 Docker命令:inspect
  • 查看某个镜像的详细信息
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • Mr.chen/centos      3                   745606e08231        12 minutes ago      200MB
  • Mr.chen/centos      2                   5620f1cb9e8e        13 hours ago        200MB
  • Mr.chen/centos7     1                   58af3ad826d2        34 hours ago        200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker ~]# docker inspect 745606e08231
  • [
  •     {
  •         "Id": "sha256:745606e08231f270d40fe2bff574f10b60144e52accd79772c0ed8c739da015a",
  •         "RepoTags": [
  •             "Mr.chen/centos:3"
  •         ],
  •         "RepoDigests": [],
  •         "Parent": "",
  •         "Comment": "Imported from -",
  •         "Created": "2018-07-06T02:36:40.100685513Z",
  •         "Container": "",
  •         "ContainerConfig": {
  •             "Hostname": "",
  •             "Domainname": "",
  •             "User": "",
  •             "AttachStdin": false,
  •             "AttachStdout": false,
  •             "AttachStderr": false,
  •             "Tty": false,
  •             "OpenStdin": false,
  •             "StdinOnce": false,
  •             "Env": null,
  •             "Cmd": null,
  •             "Image": "",
  •             "Volumes": null,
  •             "WorkingDir": "",
  •             "Entrypoint": null,
  •             "OnBuild": null,
  •             "Labels": null
  •         },
  •         "DockerVersion": "18.03.1-ce",
  •         "Author": "",
  •         "Config": {
  •             "Hostname": "",
  •             "Domainname": "",
  •             "User": "",
  •             "AttachStdin": false,
  •             "AttachStdout": false,
  •             "AttachStderr": false,
  •             "Tty": false,
  •             "OpenStdin": false,
  •             "StdinOnce": false,
  •             "Env": null,
  •             "Cmd": null,
  •             "Image": "",
  •             "Volumes": null,
  •             "WorkingDir": "",
  •             "Entrypoint": null,
  •             "OnBuild": null,
  •             "Labels": null
  •         },
  •         "Architecture": "amd64",
  •         "Os": "linux",
  •         "Size": 199678439,
  •         "VirtualSize": 199678439,
  •         "GraphDriver": {
  •             "Data": {
  •                 "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a5c2a8fae1f8ccde01cbb408f8ad3d35d613c35eb0384395d4d0a5c40d9823cf/merged",
  •                 "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a5c2a8fae1f8ccde01cbb408f8ad3d35d613c35eb0384395d4d0a5c40d9823cf/diff",
  •                 "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a5c2a8fae1f8ccde01cbb408f8ad3d35d613c35eb0384395d4d0a5c40d9823cf/work"
  •             },
  •             "Name": "overlay2"
  •         },
  •         "RootFS": {
  •             "Type": "layers",
  •             "Layers": [
  •                 "sha256:168843d36816cba72e7a483e5d6ce0fe89a6755fe86704d162306082f4300a8c"
  •             ]
  •         },
  •         "Metadata": {
  •             "LastTagTime": "2018-07-06T10:36:40.101585642+08:00"
  •         }
  •     }
  • ]
  • 3.23 Docker命令:kill
  • 强行停止一个或多个正在运行状态的容器进程
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • ab06a9794e45        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         2 hours ago         Up 2 hours                              confident_snyder
  • [root@docker ~]# docker kill ab06a9794e45
  • ab06a9794e45
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
  • ab06a9794e45        5620f1cb9e8e        "/bin/bash"         2 hours ago         Exited (137) 1 second ago                       confident_snyder
  • 3.24 Docker命令:save
  • 用于将一个镜像的文件系统导出到本地(export导出的是容器)
  • #重新build一个镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# cd dockerfile/lib/centos/7/
  • [root@docker 7]# docker build -t test:1 .
  • Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
  • Step 1/6 : FROM centos
  •  ---> 49f7960eb7e4
  • Step 2/6 : LABEL MAINTATNER="Mr.chen.com"
  •  ---> Running in 9c71d8d0c8d9
  • Removing intermediate container 9c71d8d0c8d9
  •  ---> c719db6a38bb
  • Step 3/6 : RUN ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
  •  ---> Running in 39436af722de
  • '/etc/localtime' -> '/usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai'
  • Removing intermediate container 39436af722de
  •  ---> c80e63f73145
  • Step 4/6 : ADD docker.sh /home/test/
  •  ---> fa1179b1ab73
  • Step 5/6 : RUN chmod +x /home/test/docker.sh
  •  ---> Running in 5a0243641c71
  • Removing intermediate container 5a0243641c71
  •  ---> f4fe4b82300c
  • Step 6/6 : CMD ["/home/test/docker.sh"]
  •  ---> Running in f259134ac5be
  • Removing intermediate container f259134ac5be
  •  ---> cc87aef92b66
  • Successfully built cc87aef92b66
  • Successfully tagged test:1
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        4 seconds ago       200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • #save导出test:1这个镜像(也可以用id号)
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        51 seconds ago      200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker save test:1 > test.tar
  • [root@docker 7]# ls
  • Dockerfile  docker.sh  test.tar
  • 3.25 Docker命令:load
  • 用于将save导出到本地的tar包,重新加载为镜像(和源镜像的名字标识完全一样)
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        2 minutes ago       200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker rmi test:1  #删除镜像test:1
  • Untagged: test:1
  • Deleted: sha256:cc87aef92b667fa2ef8c6f00fc2c598931adcc137e569a5ee77626e98845c66f
  • Deleted: sha256:f4fe4b82300c163350ca7aea20d713246b34861e57778482a8536b189eb15328
  • Deleted: sha256:a49455ce240e931703525ab8bd0fd46a08283681e54b412cc2ae3ff98c346847
  • Deleted: sha256:fa1179b1ab73c564f85ab15038abc27248da914bf61f835432b1b3e9660dac3f
  • Deleted: sha256:c9686c8c97ed841d519023cc7ce6a7e8b6c6af51d2d85084dcf37b072933f353
  • Deleted: sha256:c80e63f73145c443d5fac77b166b68b0865167ce3e17b9207540bc926276850a
  • Deleted: sha256:0794cb3a1f33a60e86ffd252d7db298799b44c846efe6b0aef3e445db767d662
  • Deleted: sha256:c719db6a38bb83756c8e831694268681ece2ee2e8ae6ecad12bd810997f61b9e
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker load < test.tar     #将之前test:1这个镜像的save备份导入系统
  • cdba4ed54f31: Loading layer [==================================================>]  2.048kB/2.048kB
  • 0e990db11d5d: Loading layer [==================================================>]  3.584kB/3.584kB
  • e57b2692ffad: Loading layer [==================================================>]  3.072kB/3.072kB
  • Loaded image: test:1
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        2 minutes ago       200MB   #和原来的镜像完全一样
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • 3.26 Docker命令:logs
  • 用于输出一个容器进程内的操作日志
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        12 minutes ago      200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • [root@docker 7]# docker run -d -it test:1
  • 16f9f6c9c699c649709b5643590c632f4c2e2f621de7dd1a6c480ae863761a98
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   2 seconds ago       Up 2 seconds                            adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker logs 16f9f6c9c699
  • welcome
  • welcome
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  • [root@docker 7]# docker logs --tail 5 16f9f6c9c699  #只显示容器日志的后5行
  • welcome
  • welcome
  • welcome
  • welcome
  • welcome
  • 3.27 Docker命令:pause && unpause
  • 用于将一个或多个容器的进程暂停和恢复
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                            adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker pause 16f9f6c9c699  #暂停容器进程
  • 16f9f6c9c699
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                  PORTS               NAMES
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes (Paused)                       adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker unpause 16f9f6c9c699    #恢复容器进程
  • 16f9f6c9c699
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                            adoring_noether
  • 3.28 Docker命令:port
  • 用于列出一个容器的端口映射及协议
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        24 minutes ago      200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker run -d -it -p 2222:22 test:1    #启动一个镜像的容器进程 -p 指定本地2222端口映射到容器的22端口
  • 6321c3a3481fe44c13307a1e082ac58a0ee87b29e8bdd2a2d664914a66405f1c
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
  • 6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds        0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   romantic_elbakyan
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                              adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker port 6321c3a3481f   #查看容器进程的端口映射及协议
  • 22/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:2222
  • 3.29 Docker命令:rename
  • 给容器进程重命名
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
  • 6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   romantic_elbakyan
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   22 minutes ago      Up 22 minutes                              adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker rename romantic_elbakyan Mr.chen
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
  • 6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   11 minutes ago      Up 11 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   22 minutes ago      Up 22 minutes                              adoring_noether
  • 3.30 Docker命令:restart
  • 重启一个容器进程
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
  • 6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   15 minutes ago      Up 15 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   26 minutes ago      Up 26 minutes                              adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker restart 6321c3a3481f
  • 6321c3a3481f
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
  • 6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   15 minutes ago      Up 2 seconds        0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   26 minutes ago      Up 26 minutes                              adoring_noether
  • 3.31 Docker命令:stats
  • 用于时时输出容器的资源使用情况
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
  • 6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   17 minutes ago      Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   28 minutes ago      Up 28 minutes                              adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker stats 6321c3a3481f

  • #--no-tream只输出一次
  • [root@docker 7]# docker stats 6321c3a3481f --no-stream
  • CONTAINER ID        NAME                CPU %               MEM USAGE / LIMIT   MEM %               NET I/O             BLOCK I/O           PIDS
  • 6321c3a3481f        Mr.chen             0.00%               292KiB / 974.6MiB   0.03%               648B / 0B           0B / 0B             2
  • 3.32 Docker命令:tag
  • 用于从一个指定的镜像创建另外一个镜像
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker tag test:1 test:2   #我们可以指定名字:标志来创建
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
  • test                2                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker rmi test:2
  • Untagged: test:2
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker tag cc87aef92b66 test:2 #我们也可以指定image id来创建
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • test                1                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
  • test                2                   cc87aef92b66        About an hour ago   200MB
  • centos              7                   49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • 3.33 Docker命令:top
  • 用于显示指定容器的进程信息
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
  • 6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   28 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   39 minutes ago      Up 39 minutes                              adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker top 6321c3a3481f
  • UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
  • root                89798               89784               0                   11:55               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash /home/test/docker.sh
  • root                90265               89798               0                   12:07               pts/0               00:00:00            sleep 5
  • 3.34 Docker命令:update
  • 用于调整一个或多个容器的启动配置
  • [root@docker 7]# docker update --help
  • Usage:  docker update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
  • Update configuration of one or more containers
  • Options:
  •       --blkio-weight uint16        Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
  •       --cpu-period int             Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
  •       --cpu-quota int              Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
  •       --cpu-rt-period int          Limit the CPU real-time period in microseconds
  •       --cpu-rt-runtime int         Limit the CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  •   -c, --cpu-shares int             CPU shares (relative weight) #调整CPU
  •       --cpus decimal               Number of CPUs
  •       --cpuset-cpus string         CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  •       --cpuset-mems string         MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  •       --kernel-memory bytes        Kernel memory limit
  •   -m, --memory bytes               Memory limit #调整内存
  •       --memory-reservation bytes   Memory soft limit
  •       --memory-swap bytes          Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
  •       --restart string             Restart policy to apply when a container exits
  • 3.35 Docker命令:version and wait
  • version用于显示docker的版本信息
  • wait用于捕捉一个或多个容器的退出状态,并返回退出状态码
  • #显示docker版本信息
  • [root@docker 7]# docker version
  • Client:
  •  Version:      18.03.1-ce
  •  API version:  1.37
  •  Go version:   go1.9.5
  •  Git commit:   9ee9f40
  •  Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:20:16 2018
  •  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  •  Experimental: false
  •  Orchestrator: swarm
  • Server:
  •  Engine:
  •   Version:      18.03.1-ce
  •   API version:  1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  •   Go version:   go1.9.5
  •   Git commit:   9ee9f40
  •   Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:23:58 2018
  •   OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  •   Experimental: false
  • #监听容器的退出状态并返回状态码
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
  • 6321c3a3481f        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   33 minutes ago      Up 17 minutes       0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp   Mr.chen
  • 16f9f6c9c699        test:1              "/home/test/docker.sh"   44 minutes ago      Up 44 minutes                              adoring_noether
  • [root@docker 7]# docker wait 6321c3a3481f   #需要在开一个窗口stop这个容器进程再查看
  • 137
  • 3.36 Docker命令:login && logout && push
  • login用于登陆docker hub官方公有仓库
  • logout用于登出docker hub官方公有仓库
  • push用于将本地镜像提交到docker hub
  • 由于docker hub国内已经无法注册,因此无法演示上述内容
  • DockerHub官方公有镜像仓库:https://hub.docker.com/
  • 四,管理应用程序数据
  • 4.1 Volume和Bind Mount
  • 将Docker主机数据挂载到容器
  • Docker提供三种不同方式将数据从宿主机挂载到容器中:volumes,bind mounts和tmpfs。
    • volumes:Docker管理宿主机文件系统的一部分(/var/lib/docker/volumes)
    • bind mounts:可以存储在宿主机系统的任意位置
    • tmpfs:挂载存储在宿主机系统的内存中,而不会写入宿主机的文件系统

  • 4.1.1 Volume
  • #创建一个卷
  • [root@docker 7]# docker volume create nginx-vol
  • nginx-vol
  • [root@docker 7]# docker volume ls
  • DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
  • local               nginx-vol
  • [root@docker 7]# docker volume inspect nginx-vol
  • [
  •     {
  •         "CreatedAt": "2018-07-07T00:07:51+08:00",   #创建时间
  •         "Driver": "local",  #驱动
  •         "Labels": {},
  •         "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data",    #挂载点
  •         "Name": "nginx-vol",    #卷名
  •         "Options": {},
  •         "Scope": "local"
  •     }
  • ]
  • #下载一个nginx官方镜像
  • [root@docker 7]# docker pull nginx
  • Using default tag: latest
  • latest: Pulling from library/nginx
  • 683abbb4ea60: Pull complete
  • 6ff57cbc007a: Pull complete
  • 162f7aebbf40: Pull complete
  • Digest: sha256:2cf71a9320ea65566c0738e87400407aaffd8dd11a411ceb2f2b585ad513469e
  • Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
  • [root@docker 7]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • nginx               latest              649dcb69b782        2 days ago          109MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • [root@docker 7]# docker run -dit --name=nginx-test --mount src=nginx-vol,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
  • e74fb1640742a6a535d825ea223c18809b495532a9c9d6bd0b7ca8c4775261dc
  • 特别说明:
  • --name:容器的名字
  • --mount:挂载
  • src:源卷的名字
  • dst:挂载到容器中的路径
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • e74fb1640742        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   48 seconds ago      Up 47 seconds       80/tcp              nginx-test
  • #向容器中的挂载目录创建文件,查看是否挂载成功
  • [root@docker 7]# docker exec nginx-test touch /usr/share/nginx/html/test.txt
  • [root@docker 7]# docker exec nginx-test ls /usr/share/nginx/html/
  • 50x.html
  • index.html
  • test.txt        #有了
  • [root@docker 7]# ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data/
  • 50x.html  index.html  test.txt  #成功
  • #清理容器进程
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • e74fb1640742        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   8 minutes ago       Up 8 minutes        80/tcp              nginx-test
  • [root@docker 7]# docker stop nginx-test
  • nginx-test
  • [root@docker 7]# docker rm nginx-test
  • nginx-test
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
  • [root@docker 7]# ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data/
  • 50x.html  index.html  test.txt  #清理容器后,挂载的卷的数据仍旧存在
  • #重新启动镜像nginx的容器进程
  • [root@docker 7]# docker run -dit --name nginx-test -p 88:80 --mount src=nginx-vol,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
  • b5e0bfc639087bdd4998065e457eda837c042cfb5e9cf3c044a11c97280e7270
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
  • b5e0bfc63908        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   15 seconds ago      Up 14 seconds       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   nginx-test
  • 特别提示:
  • docker run的-p参数:指定端口的映射,88:80的意思就是将宿主机88端口的访问映射到容器进程的80端口
  • 现在我们通过浏览器访问宿主机的88端口,进而访问容器进程的80端口

  • #在数据卷nginx-vol里换一个网页在访问
  • [root@docker 7]# rm -rf /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data/
  • 50x.html    index.html  test.txt
  • [root@docker 7]# rm -rf /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data/*
  • [root@docker 7]# echo "welcome to yunjisuan" > /var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data/index.html

  • 现在我们在启动一个镜像nginx的进程,让两个nginx的容器进程公用一个数据卷nginx-vol
  • [root@docker 7]# docker run -dit --name nginx-test2 -p 89:80 --mount src=nginx-vol,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
  • f1373f38c6cda722f151f06fc06cd6fccf62bc042850c6481ddb74c5336377be
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
  • f1373f38c6cd        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp   nginx-test2
  • b5e0bfc63908        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   17 minutes ago      Up 17 minutes       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   nginx-test
  • 我们用浏览器访问docker宿主机的89端口

  • 4.1.2 Bind Mounts
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
  • f1373f38c6cd        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   7 minutes ago       Up 7 minutes        0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp   nginx-test2
  • b5e0bfc63908        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   24 minutes ago      Up 24 minutes       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   nginx-test
  • [root@docker 7]# docker run -dit --name nginx-test3 -p 90:80 --mount type=bind,src=/var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx-vol/_data,dst=/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
  • 270b609a9e2ec53c3b0a9250f2f8d175e21748ac8ebe9e4c0f9897e72a9b3843
  • [root@docker 7]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                NAMES
  • 270b609a9e2e        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:90->80/tcp   nginx-test3
  • f1373f38c6cd        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   9 minutes ago       Up 9 minutes        0.0.0.0:89->80/tcp   nginx-test2
  • b5e0bfc63908        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   26 minutes ago      Up 26 minutes       0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   nginx-test
  • 我们用浏览器访问docker宿主机的90端口

  • 特别提示:
  • bind mounts可以挂载宿主机上的任意目录,而volume先得创建后才能挂载
  • 4.2 实战容器部署LNMP网站平台
  • 首先我们下载一个wordpress博客
  • wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
  • 4.2.1 创建MySQL数据库容器
  • #下载MySQL5.6版本镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker pull mysql:5.6
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • nginx               latest              649dcb69b782        3 days ago          109MB
  • mysql               5.6                 97fdbdd65c6a        10 days ago         256MB
  • centos              latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • #创建一个自定义网络(docker自定义网络下一节再讲)
  • [root@docker ~]# docker network create lnmp
  • b02d8652022382f21780ee4935f472689883b64389ae120174268de57ec03e4e
  • [root@docker ~]# docker network ls
  • NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
  • 29e8c90dbd80        bridge              bridge              local
  • f11e598312bd        host                host                local
  • b02d86520223        lnmp                bridge              local   #有了(默认驱动为网桥)
  • 3978eff69b11        none                null                local
  • #启动MySQL数据库容器
  • [root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name lnmp_mysql --network lnmp -p 3306:3306 --mount src=mysql-vol,dst=/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123123 mysql:5.6 --character-set-server=utf8
  • 07bd252ec637324683514c6f27ba0beb552d9c1044a60c2dbb1cb3d2aeba807b
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
  • 07bd252ec637        mysql:5.6           "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds        0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp   lnmp_mysql
  • 特别提示:
  • 自定义网络lnmp如果不提前创建的话,在启动容器进程时会报错
  • 如果没有提前pull好mysql:5.6那么容器在启动时会自动下载对应镜像
  • 如果没有提前docker volume create mysql-vol,那么容器启动时会自动创建
  • #查看容器lnmp_mysql的日志输出
  • [root@docker ~]# docker logs lnmp_mysql
  • #查看容器里启动的进程
  • [root@docker ~]# docker top lnmp_mysql
  • UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
  • polkitd             96252               96240               0                   22:58               pts/0               00:00:01            mysqld --character-set-server=utf8
  • 4.2.2 向容器里的Mysql创建一个库
  • [root@docker ~]# docker exec lnmp_mysql sh -c 'exec mysql -uroot -p"$MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD" -e"create database wp"'
  • Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  • 4.2.3 在docker宿主机上安装mysql的客户端通过端口映射访问容器内的mysql
  • 因为已经将mysql容器的3306端口映射到了docker宿主机的3306,因此我们访问本地即可
  • #安装mysql客户端
  • [root@docker ~]# yum -y install mysql
  • #查看本机IP地址
  • [root@docker ~]# hostname -I | xargs -n1 | head -1
  • 192.168.200.142
  • #远程方式连接docker宿主机的3306端口
  • [root@docker ~]# mysql -h192.168.200.142 -P3306 -uroot -p123123
  • Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  • Your MySQL connection id is 4
  • Server version: 5.6.40 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  • Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
  • Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  • MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
  • +--------------------+
  • | Database           |
  • +--------------------+
  • | information_schema |
  • | mysql              |
  • | performance_schema |
  • | wp                 |          #已经创建wp库了
  • +--------------------+
  • 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  • 4.2.4 创建nginx+PHP环境容器
  • #创建一个网页目录
  • [root@docker ~]# mkdir -p /app/wwwroot
  • [root@docker ~]# ll -d /app/wwwroot
  • drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 7月   8 00:22 /app/wwwroot
  • #下载richarvey/nginx-php-fpm镜像
  • [root@docker ~]# docker pull richarvey/nginx-php-fpm
  • [root@docker ~]# docker images
  • REPOSITORY                TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  • richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   latest              26c0e6f09c52        2 days ago          300MB
  • nginx                     latest              649dcb69b782        3 days ago          109MB
  • mysql                     5.6                 97fdbdd65c6a        10 days ago         256MB
  • centos                    latest              49f7960eb7e4        4 weeks ago         200MB
  • #启动richarvey/nginx-php-fpm镜像的容器
  • [root@docker ~]# docker run -dit --name lnmp_web --network lnmp -p 88:80 --mount type=bind,src=/app/wwwroot,dst=/var/www/html richarvey/nginx-php-fpm
  • [root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
  • CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                   NAMES
  • 1ab26792a73c        richarvey/nginx-php-fpm   "docker-php-entrypoi…"   4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        443/tcp, 9000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:88->80/tcp   lnmp_web
  • 07bd252ec637        mysql:5.6                 "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour    0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp                  lnmp_mysql
  • 4.2.5 解压wordpress到网页目录/app/wwwroot下
  • [root@docker ~]# tar xf wordpress-4.7.4-zh_CN.tar.gz -C /app/wwwroot/
  • [root@docker ~]# cd /app/wwwroot/
  • [root@docker wwwroot]# ls
  • wordpress
  • 4.2.6 博客wordpress访问测试
  • 通过浏览器进行docker宿主机的88端口的访问测试
  • http://IP:88/wordpress
  • 特别提示:
  • 如果同学们在访问时,出现以下情况

  • #如果出现连接不上的情况,那么请按顺序执行以下命令一遍
  • [root@docker wwwroot]# systemctl stop firewalld
  • [root@docker wwwroot]# systemctl stop iptables.service
  • Failed to stop iptables.service: Unit iptables.service not loaded.
  • [root@docker wwwroot]# iptables -F
  • [root@docker wwwroot]# iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
  • [root@docker wwwroot]# iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
  • [root@docker wwwroot]# iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
  • 如果没有意外此时访问浏览器,就可出现下述内容

  • 特别提示:
  • 如果多次连续访问同一网页,那么浏览器有可能默认去掉指定的端口
  • 因此,同学们若访问不到,请查看是否指定了88端口
  • +
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